情态动词用法归纳学习卷教师用.doc

高三语法学习卷-情态动词 一考点及学习目标：考点学习目标1Can, may, must, could, might, should, ought to, have to, will 等情态动词的基本用法掌握常见情态动词的基本用法，并能灵活运用，特别是情态动词表推测的用法更要求掌握2Can 与be able to；shall与 will； mustnt与 neednt； need 与dare的辨析掌握意义、用法相近的情态动词的用法3“情态动词+have done” 用法区别掌握各个“情态动词+have done” 的意义及用法并能区别运用4虚拟语气中情态动词的应用掌握If 引导的虚拟条件句，宾语从句和名词性从句中情态动词的运用二考查热点：1.表示推测和可能性;2. 情态动词+have done;3. 表示必要性 4. 表示请求、允诺、允许。及考点热点分析三 情态动词分类讲解： 情态动词表推测 情态动词must，can/could，may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。一般有两种结构：“情态动词动词原形”和“情态动词have done”。 1.“情态动词be”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测。 The light is still on. He must be working in the office now. Michael cant be a policeman，for hes much too short. He may be in the classroom. Ill go and make sure.2.“情态动词have done”结构用于对过去事情的推测。 I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.Jack cant have arrived yet；otherwise he would have telephoned me.杰克不可能来到，否则，他会给我来电话的。【注】might have done和could have done除了表对过去事情的推测外，还可表示一种责备语气，意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到”，此时不能用may或can。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy.练习1） You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not2） - Isn t that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3）He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. mustC. wouldnt D. cant33. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, Isuppose. 2007 安徽卷 A. should B. can C. would D. must34. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can36. It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should37. She looks very happy. She _have passed the exam. 2007 江苏卷 I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might38. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manageB. could have manage C. could manage D. can have managed虚拟语气中情态动词的使用:1. if虚拟条件句中情态动词的使用，观察例句，总结：If Ihad time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, T should seize the chance to go abroad.If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we should put off the meeting until next week.虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设 2. . can, could 1. 表示能力Can you lift this heavy box?Mary can speak three languages.2表示_ -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 在疑问句中还可用could代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3. 表示_It can be very cold in winter in Zhengzhou.Can this be true?It could be true.4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can he be in the office?He cant be in the office.How can this be true? 5.练习 1)He cant have stolen your book. Her brother _ be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt2)-Could I use your bike?-Yes, surely you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should3)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to注:Can和 be able to的区别是前者不能表示结果,而后者可以表示结果的达成:Three days later, I was able to persuade him to go with me.、 may, might 1 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表示”绝不可以”也可用cant 或may not-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气 2用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May God bless you!3表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 He may /might be very busy now. 4may(might) as well 还是的好Two is better than none. I might as well take it. 5. 练习1）-Are you coming for dinner?-Im not quite sure. I _ go to my uncles instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might2）Dont believe him. What he said _ be true. A. mustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. may not 3）-_ I go home now, sir?-No, you _. You should finish the composition first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt、 must, have to 1 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. /- No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2 must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 The play isnt interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. 3 表示推测、可能性（可能性很大） Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 4must还表示”非做不可”:5.练习1）It is dark, must you start now?-_ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?-No. It _ be Wu Dong who did it. A. Can; must B. Must; need C. May; must D. Need; can 2）Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; wouldnt3）I missed the bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had to、 dare, need 1 dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If you dare not speak to him, I will do it for you. Dare you ask him about that?2 need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。You neednt come so early. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 、 shall, should 1shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening?Shall we go to the cinema? 2shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 3. 练习1）Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt2）what do you mean, there are only 10 tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall、 will, would 1表示请求、建议或征求意见等，表请求时would更委婉。 Will you go to the cinema with me? Would you please pass me the book?2表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3 would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. The wound would not heal. 4will表示没有实现计划临时做的决定.-Someone is knocking at the door. Go to see who it is. -Yes, I will. 练习：-Dont forget to visit me when you come to Beijing.-_.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent、 should, ought to 1 should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? 3表示推测时should , ought to 经常指客观推测, 而must常表主观推测。 He must be at home now. (断定他在家) The light is on. He should(ought to) be at home.(不太肯定) 4用于虚拟的推测:If you should come back, I would give it to you. You might as well take an umbrella with you, in case it should rain.5should 还可表示惊讶You should be so rude!6.练习：1）There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt2）-Amazing! You _ wear slippers at work！- Dont you think it a fashion?A. must B. should C. can D. may情态动词+have done1 can/could +have done 用于疑问句和否定句中，表示对过去情况的推测如： I saw Mr.Zhang just now, He cant/couldnt have gone to Nanjing. You could have passed the exam, but you were not careful enough.2. may/might +have done 一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句中。表示对过去情况的推测，意思是“也许已经”如：He may/might have left school.She may not have finished her work.You may have given her more help, though you were busy.3 must +have done 只用于肯定句中，表示对过去情况肯定的推测 意思是“一定做了某事”如果表示对过去情况否定的推测则用_4neednt +have done 表示过去没必要做某事，只有否定式，没有肯定式 You neednt have told him the news, for he had known it.I didnt need to clean the room, my mother did it. 5should/ought to+have done; shouldnt/oughtnt to have done6. 练习1）With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have gone C. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone2）Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will3）There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they1. You _ all those clothes. We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.A. neednt have washedB. shouldnt have washedC. must not have washed D. can not have washed2. John _ his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tellD. dares not to tell3. Toms score on the test is the highest in the class; he _ last night.A. should study B. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. must have to study4. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be?A. must B. canC. mayD. might5. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A. must have sailedB. can sailC. might have sailedD. should have sailed6. He must have finished his homework, _ he?A. mustnt B. didntC. neednt D. hasnt7. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he _ Tom to go with him.A. might have asked B. should askedC. must have askedD. should have asked8. As a soldier, you _ do as the head tells you.A. will B. shallC. may D. ought9. You should bear in mind that he is not as strong as he _.A. was used to be B. used to beC. was used to D. use to10. Since it is already midnight, we _.A. had better leavingB. ought to have leftC. must have leftD. might as well leave11. Mary _ my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A. should have receivedB. has receivedC.cant have received D. may have received12. In case I _, I would try again.A. will fail B. would missC. should fail D. shall miss13. What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A. will you suppose B. you supposeC. do you supposeD. you would suppose14. You must be a writer, _?A. mustnt you B. are youC. must you D. arent you15. Two eyes _ see more than one.A. can B. mayC. willD. should16. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day.A. should have done B. would have doneC. may have done D.must have done17. _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A. Would B. WillC. May D. Should18. Has it been warned that all the children in this area _ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?A. can B. willC. may D. shall19. May I sit beside you, sir? No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt20. Sir, you _ sit in the waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. mustnt B. cantC. wont D. neednt21. When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A. neednt hurryB. didnt need hurryC. neednt to hurryD. neednt have hurried22. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _ happen at any time.A. should B. canC. must D. need23. As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A. neednt B. may notC. mustnt D. cant24. This couple had been separated for twenty years; you _ imagine how happy they were when they met again.A. might B. willC. can D. must25. When crossing the street, you _ be too careful.A. neednt B. couldC. must D. cant26. I know things are hard with you, but you _ try to get over the difficulties.A. can B. mayC. mustD. ought27. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently.A. must be waiting B. ought to waitC. could be waitingD. may wait28. He _ the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A. can reach B. could catchC. may not catch D. couldnt have caught29. To be safe , we _ fill up the tank now, because we _ run out of gas o