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初中个年级英语语法 九年级 上册Unit 1 topic 1 现在完成时1、现在完成时结构:have/has + 动词过去分词2、become的过去式:became;过去分词:become3、have just come back from+地点名词 刚从回来4、come的过去式和过去分词:came,come5、have taken place 已经发生take place 发生;take的过去式和过去分词:took,taken6、have been to 与have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”,现已不在那里;have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场7、have taken part in 已经参加take part in 参加,加入,与participate、join in 为近义词8、be动词的过去分词:been9、clean的过去式和过去分词(规则变化):cleaned,cleaned10、Have you fed them?你有喂过他们吗?完成时的一般疑问句形式,将助动词have提前。以助词提问,以助动词回答。Yes,I have.No,I havent.feed的过去式和过去分词为:fed,fed11、cook的过去式和过去分词(规则变化):cooked,cooked12、learn的过去式和过去分词:learnt(learned),learnt(learned)topic 2 现在完成时1、have/has just called sb. 刚刚打电话给某人call的过去式和过去分词(规则变化):called,called2、find的过去式和过去分词:found,found3、yet 已经,常与一般现在时连用,且一般用于否定句和疑问句中4、develop的过去式和过去分词(规则变化):developed,developed5、already 已经,常与一般现在时连用,一般用于肯定句中topic 3 现在完成时 1、have been in +地点名词 for +一段时间 在住了2、since +时刻(时间点)常与一般现在时连用,表示从过去某个时刻一直持续到现在3、have changed 已经改变change的过去式和过去分词(规则变化):changed,changedUnit 2 topic 1 现在完成时1、have gone 消失2、there be + sth./sb. doing sth.“有某人或某物正在做”3、How long have you How long 为“多久,多长时间”的意思,用来提问某段时间topic 2 不定代词 1、something useful 某些有用的东西something为复合不定代词,修饰复合不定代词的形容词需后置2、everyone should care for 每个人都应该关心everyone为复合不定代词,表示“每个人”3、We should do everything we can to 我们应该尽一切努力去everything是复合不定代词,意为:“每件事物,一切”4、复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数topic 3 被动语态 1、be supposed to 有义务;应该2、be recycled 被循环利用Unit 3 topic 1 被动语态1、被动语态的结构:be+及物动词的过去分词2、be used 被使用 be动词随人称的变化而变化3、be enjoyed by 被所喜爱4、English is spoken as the main language in + 地点名 在英语是官方语言speak的过去式和过去分词分别为:spoke,spokentopic 2 现在进行时表将来 1、Im flying to Disneyland tomorrow.现在进行时表示将来时,常有“意图、安排、打算”的意思,常表示最近或较近的将来,所用动词多是表示位置移动的动词(come,go,start,leave,stay,arrive,return等)2、be going to 将要去3、Where are you going? 你要去哪里?(现在进行时表将来)回答用:We are going to/I am to going to4、My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要见我们(现在进行时表将来)5、Im leaving. 我要走了topic 3 不定式 1、How nice to see you back! 见到你回来真高兴!(感叹句)2、how to learn well 如何把学好3、how to improve 怎样提高Unit 4 topic 1 宾语从句1、 he traveled around the earth 环绕地球运行travel的故去式和过去分词为(规则变化):traveled,traveled2、whats more 而且 3、That proves that 主语that 为代词,指代上文提到的内容;prove + that 从句,表示证明,该结构为宾语从句结构4、Im sure (that) 宾语从句5、I think that 宾语从句topic 2 被动语态 1、When was it invented? 它什么时候被发明的? 某物被发明,需用被动语态,且由于“被发明”发生在过去,时态用过去时。2、Im not allowed to do sth 我不被允许做某事3、be made of 由制成(制成以后看得见原材料)4、be used for 用于topic 3 被动语态 1、be done do的过去分词为done2、be discribed and discussed by 被描述和讨论下册 Unit 5 topic 1 定语从句1、China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history.that 引导的定语从句,先行词为country2、There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.which引导的定语从句,先行词为places3、Thats the most fantastic place that I have ever heard of.that引导的定语从句,先行词为place4、There are three beautiful places which attract a great number of visitors to China every year.which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词places5、It serves as a bridge which connects the mainland with the rest of the world.which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词bridgetopic 2 定语从句1、He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior.由关系代词who引导的定语从句,先行词为thinker.2、He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries.关系代词whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词philosopher3、He was a Ming dynasty explorer whom the Chinese people are proud of.whom引导的定语从句,在从句中作介词of的宾语topic 3 定语从句与主谓一致1、What are those animals that are carved on the stones?that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals2、theyre powerful animals which which引导的定语从句,先行词为animals3、eitheror 遵循主谓一致原则,谓语单复数形式由最靠近or的主语决定。4、neithernor遵循主谓一致原则,谓语单复数形式由最靠近nor的主语决定。Unit 6 topic 1 比较级1、I prefer watching TV, prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事2、would rather do than do 比起做某事,更愿意做某事topic 2 过去时 被动语态 1、Who was Gu Kaizhi, is 的过去式 was2、It was painted by 它是由画的topic 3 将来时1、将来时的一般结构:will + do2、well graduate from 我们将从毕业3、be going to +动词原形,意为“打算、将要、就要”,表示“根据目前的意愿将要做某事”4、we will be able to + do 我们将能够做be able to强调有能力克服困难做成了某事,与can为近义词5、what are you going to say 你要说什么八年级上册Unit1 topic 1 一般现在时表将来(be going to)1、Are you going to play basketball? 你们要去打篮球吗?一般疑问句,有be动词将be动词提前2、,we are going to have a basketball game against Class Three我们将和三班进行一场篮球赛3、Im going to be a basketball player like him. 我想成为一个像他一样的篮球运动员4、What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后想当什么?topic 2 一般疑问句1、Will you join us? 你要加入我们吗?2、Would you mind teaching me? 你介意教我吗?mind doing sth 介意做某事3、would you mind saying sorry to 你介意向某人道歉吗?4、could you please ? 你能吗? could在此并不表示过去式,用could语气上较为诚恳topic 3一般将来时(用 will + do 结构表示)1、I will take part in 我将会参加2、Will you take part in it? 你会参加吗?将陈述句改为一般疑问句,陈述句中有情态动词,将情态动词提前。以情态动词提问,以情态动词回答。3、,there will be a school sports meet tomorrow 明天将有一个校运会will与there be 句型连用4、Well take our sports clothes and sports shoes. 我们将穿上运动服和运动鞋Unit 2topic 1 情态动词1、You should see a dentist. 你该去看医生情态动词should可以表示义务,也可表示提出或征询建议。此句中表示提出建议。2、Youd better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生had better为半情态助动词,意为“最好(做)”,后接不带to 的不定式3、You should stay in bed and have a good rest. 你该呆在床上好好休息topic 2 情态动词1、You should go to bed early tonight and youll feel better tomorrow.今晚你早点上床,明天就会觉得好多了。2、I must have a good rest tonight. 我今晚要好好休息一下must为情态动词,1)义务(用于肯定句和疑问句); 2)表劝告,必须做某事,表明事情的必要性与重要性;3)表推测,意为“一定,准是”;4)must的否定式,表不许,禁止。3、must not read in the sun 不许(不要)在太阳底下看书4、I must ask him to give up smoking. 我必须叫他不要吸烟give up doing sth 放弃做某事topic 3 情态动词1、we should eat healthy food and do more exercise to build up our bodiesshould 表建议2、Could I speak to Dr. Li Yuping? 我能和Li Yuping医生通话吗?Unit 3topic 1 used to1、I used to enjoy listening to rock musicused to 过去常常 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事2、go fishing 去钓鱼3、Did you use to 你过去常吗?4、I used to swim in the pound in front of my house我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳topic 2 感叹句1、What sweet music!what 引导的感叹句结构2、How exciting!how 引导的感叹句结构3、how wonderful!单词或短语构成感叹句4、Thats too bad! And it sounds beautiful!陈述句构成感叹句 topic 3 过去进行时1、What were you doing at this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干嘛?过去进行时的结构:be动词过去式+doing2、I was taking a shower 我那时正在洗澡take a shower 洗澡3、I was watching the movie 我那时正在看电影4、you werent listening to the teacher 你们没有听老师讲课Unit 4topic 1 比较级与最高级1、形容词的比较级:fresher、bluer、greener、clearer、quiter2、good 的比较级:better3、the most beautiful 多音节的最高级构成方式:the most +形容词原级4、good 的最高级 best5、more lovely 多音节形容词/副词的比较级构成方式:more +形容词/副词原级topic 2 be sure1、Im sure 我确定提问方式:Are you sure?肯定回答:I am sure. 否定回答:I am not sure.2、sure 后可接宾语从句I am sure (that)there are no UFOs. “there are no UFOs”作sure的宾语Even scientists arent sure whether there are UFOs.whether引导宾语从句topic 3 反义疑问句1、陈述部分为肯定形式,反义部分用否定形式;反之,陈述部分用否定,反义部分用肯定2、Its a nice day,isnt it? 今天天气不错,不是吗?3、There are still many old city walls in Beijing,arent there?北京还有很多老城墙,不是吗?4、you know a lot about them,dont you?你很了解他们,不是吗?5、you visited Emperor Qins terracotta Warriors last week,didnt you?你们上个礼拜去参观秦始皇陵兵马俑了,没有吗八年级下册Unit 5topic 1 系表结构1、You look excited. 你看起来很兴奋。look 为系动词,后面可直接接形容词,构成系表结构2、I feel disappointed. 我觉得很失望。feel 感觉,觉得,为系动词。3、He seems a little disappointed. 他看上去有点失望seem 看上去,为系动词。disappointed由副词a little 修饰4、Mr. Lee will be surprised! 李先生会很惊喜的。be动词为系动词,后面可直接接形容词,构成系表结构topic 2 原因状语从句1、She is crying in the bathroom because she did badly in the English exam.她正在浴室里哭因为她在英语考试中表现得很差。because引导原因状语从句,主句用现在进行时,从句用一般过去时。2、She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with.她觉得很孤单因为没有朋友可以说话。because引导定语从句,主句和从句都用一般现在时。topic 3 使役动词1、It makes me feel nervous. 这让我感觉很紧张。make 为使役动词,意为:“使、令”,make sb. adj 使某人怎么样,sb.作宾语,adj作宾补2、Illness usually makes us sad. 生病总是让我们感觉悲伤。us 作make的宾语,人称代词用宾格,sad作us的宾语补足语。3、Lets prepare for that. 让我们准备吧。let为使役动词,意为“让”,prepare for sth.为某事准备Unit 6topic 1 不定式1、I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有些令人兴奋的消息要告诉你。to tell为动词不定式,表示未发生的事。不定式的形式为:to+动词原形2、But it will take us a few days to get there by bus. 但是骑自行车去那儿要花我们几天的时间to get there 去那儿(还未去) 3、there are other vehicles for us to choose. 还有其他的交通工具我们可以选。for us 对某人来讲 to choose 去选择4、Its hard to say. 这很难说。it is + adj to do sth. 做某事很怎么样5、would love to do sth. 想去做某事=would like to do sth.topic 2 时间状语从句 1、While you were enjoying your trip,I was busy 当你正在享受旅行的时候,我正忙于while引导的状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句用过去进行时。2、When he arrives,Id like you to meet him. 当他到达的时候,我想你去见他。when 引导的定语从句,主句用一搬现在时,从句用一般现在时。topic 3 if 引导的条件状语从句1、If people obey the traffic rules,there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都服从交通规则,那么交通事故就会少一些了。 if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。2、If we ride at night,we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.如果我们晚上骑自行车,我们应该在自行车上装灯或者穿上能发光的衣服。if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句用一般现在时。Unit 7topic 1 宾语从句1、But I think money must be a problem for him. 但我想钱对他来说肯定是个问题。think后面的部分作think的宾语,think后省略连词that2、I know he wants to build a new school for his poor village in Nigeria.know 后面的部分作know宾语,后面省略连词thattopic 2 宾语从句1、Im not sure whether I can cook it well.此句为whether引导的宾语从句。某些形容词后可接宾语从句,如:sure,glad等2、Im glad that you are trying to help others.that引导的宾语从句3、Would you mind if we learn to make it from you?mind 后接定语从句,由if引导。4、But I think you did better than me.think 后接宾语从句,宾语从句所描述的事情发生在过去,用一般过去时。topic 3 副词的比较级和最高级1、Jane cooked more successfully.successfully为多音节,其比较级为more successfully2、I cooked the most successfully.most successfully 为successfully的最高级3、对于多音节的形容词或者副词,其比较级为:more+原级;最高级为:most+原级Unit 8topic 1 sothat 与 so that引导结果状语从句1、My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones. sothat ,意为“如此以至于”,that后接状语从句。so后面一般接形容词或者副词。2、I want to buy a windbreaker so that I will look more handsome.so that 意为“所以”,既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,引导结果状语时通常用逗号同主句隔开。topic 2 宾语从句1、She says that that引导的宾语从句,作says的宾语。宾语从句可以用于直接引语转换为间接引语。2、It depends on who will design our uniforms.who引导宾语从句,该宾语从句作介词on的宾语。3、Its true that that引导宾语从句。true作形容词,后可接宾语从句。topic 3 宾语从句1、Kangkang said he watched it.直接引语转化为间接引语,用宾语从句。七年级上册Unit 1topic 1 日常交际用语1、Miss Wang,this is Michael. 用于介绍某人。2、Nice to meet you. 初次见面时用语。3、Welcome to +地点名 欢迎问候语4、How do you do. 见面时的问候语,回答用:How do you do.topic 2 一般疑问句及人称代词1、Are you Jane? 陈述句中转化为一般疑问句时,有be动词将be动词提前。2、be from 来自 后接城市或国家名topic 3 指示代词1、指示代词是用来指示或表示人或事物的词。主要有:this、that、these、those。this指代较近的单数的人或事物,that指代较远的单数的人或者事物。它们的复数形式为these、those。Unit 2 topic 1 have作为实意动词的用法 1、I have a small nose. have在此作实意动词,意为“有”。某人有某物,用“have”。2、he has a big nose have的第三人称单数形式为:hastopic 2 形容词1、black hair 黑头发hair是不可数名词。其复数形式可以表示特别意义:hairs (几根)头发2、black eyes 黑眼睛eye为可数名词,且为规则变化,在词尾加s3、We dont have the same looks. same意为“一样的,同样的”,常与the连用4、She is tall like you, like既可作动词、形容词,又可作介词。此句中like作介词,意为:“像,如一样”topic 3 物主代词1、物主代词包括形容词型物主代词和名词型物主代词。形容词型物主代词作定语,名词型物主代词作主语,宾语和表语。比如:My jacket is blue and white.(作定语)Its not mine.(作表语)Unit 3 topic 1 人称代词1、人称代词有主格与宾格之分。主格作主语、主语补足语、同位语、呼唤语、分词的逻辑主语。如:I come from Canada.(he作主语);Hey,you,look out!(同位语)。人称代词的宾格作宾语、介词宾语、宾语补足语。例如:Please help us find him. (宾语)。topic 2 疑问副词what与where1、what do your parents do? what do/does sb. do 用于提问某人的职业2、where do/does sth do 用于提问某人工作的地点topic 3 可数名词与不可数名词1、fish 为单复数同形的名词。当解释为“鱼”时为可数名词,当解释为“鱼肉”时为不可数名词。fishes用于表示不同种类的鱼。2、chicken解释为“小鸡”时为可数名词,当解释为“鸡肉”时为不可数名词。3、mik与bread、rice均为不可数名词。Unit 4topic 1 可数名词与不可数名词1、某些名词解释为某个词义时只用复数形式,为可数名词,如:clothes、contents等。2、some与any既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。3、不可数名词表示个体时,须用量词来表示其数量概念。比如:three bags of salt4、对不可数名词数量的提问方式用:How much;对可数名词数量的提问方式:How manytopic 2 would like 1、would like/love to do sth. 想要做某事;喜欢做某事would like可用于提建议,如:Would you like to go to West Hill for a picnic?回答可用:Id like/love to. Sorry,I cant.2、Would you like to go fishing? go fishing 去钓鱼topic 3 时间的提问方式1、What time is it,please?=Whats the time,please?回答可用:Its (注意运用past 和to)2、Its time to do sth. 是该做某事的时候了。下册Unit 5topic 1 一般现在时1、Do you often come to school by bike?often常与一般现在时连用,用助动词do 提问,用助动词do回答2、How do you usually come to school?你一般怎么去上学? usually一般与一般现在时连用,表示习惯性动作3、I usually go to school on foot.我通常走路去上学。如果采用交通工具,用介词by+交通工具,如:I often go to school by bike.4、Where do they usually have lunch? 他们通常在哪吃午饭?topic 2 现在进行时1、She is reading in the library.现在进行时的一般结构:be+doing2、Hes playing soccer on the playground.他正在操场上踢足球3、he isnt cleaning the dormitory. 他没在打扫宿舍现在进行时的否定形式:在be动词后加not4、Is Wang Wei playing soccer on the playground,too?现在进行时的一般疑问句结构:将 be动词提前5、Many students are using them 许多学生正在用(它们)use 的动名词形式为:usingtopic 3 特殊疑问句1、What day is it today?今天是几号?用于提问日期2、What class are they having? 他们在上什么课?3、What time does the class begin? 什么时候上课?4、What time is it over? 什么时候下课?5、Why? 提问原因6、How many 提问数量Unit 6topic 1 there be 句型与特殊疑问句1 Where is your bedroom? 你的卧室在哪?where疑问副词,提问地点2、why not=why dont you 为什么不?3、Whats on your desk? 你桌上的是什么?4、Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房里有电脑吗?肯定回答:Yes,there is. 否定回答:No,there isnt.5、there are so many nice books on the shelf 书架上有许多好书topic 2 there be 句型1、there be句型遵循就近一致原则,be动词的单复数由与最靠近它的名词决定topic 3 祈使句及如何指示方向1、祈使句的一般主语为you(也可以是第三人称),主语一般被省略,以动词原形开头,如:Be careful!2、Go up this street to the end,and 沿着这条街走到尽头,然后,用于指示方向3、Go along Xinhua Street and turn left 沿着新华街一直走,然后左转4、Which is the way to 去的路要怎么走,用于提问方向5、Dont play on the street. 别在街上玩Unit 7 topic 1 一般过去时1、When were you born? 你什么时候出生的?“出生”发生在过去,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去 式。were为are 的过去式。2、I was born in June,1970. 我出生于1970年六月am的过去式为was。出生于用be born in3、She was born on October 22nd,1996. 她出生于1996年十月22号。出生于具体的某一天,用“on”。第二十二:22nd4、Where was she born? 她在哪出生?topic 2 情态动词 can/could1、I cant sing Chinese songs 我不会唱中文歌can为情态动词,表示能力,过去式为could

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