高考英语语法复习状语从句5.doc

高考英语语法复习-状语从句一、状语从句的分类及常用连接词定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句 状语从句的分类常用连接词时间状语从句when; as; while; before; after; till; until; since; once; as soon as; the moment; the instant; no sooner-than; hardly/scarcely-when/before; the instant; each time; every time地点状语从句where; wherever; everywhere原因状语从句because; since; as; for; seeing (that); now (that); considering (that); in that目地状语从句that; so that; in order that; for fear that; in case结果状语从句that; so that; so-that; such-that条件状语从句if; unless; providing; provided (that); supposing; suppose (that); as long as; so long as; on condition that; in case; only if; if only; where让步状语从句though; although; even if; even though; as; whether-or; however; whatever; whatever; whenever; wherever; whoever; whichever; however; no matter how (what; when; which; who; where)比较状语从句as-as; not so-as; than; the+比较级-,the+比较级-方式状语从句as; as if; as though; just as; according asEg: When I was a child, I liked reading. I found the book where I left it. Please do as I tell you. He was so excited that he forgot to say bye. Though he was tired, he went on working. As long as you like, I will agree with you.Eg:When he will come is still unknown.I dont know the place where he was born.在时间,条件和让步状语从句中，注意时态和省略二、相似连词的用法区别1. while, as, when三者都可以引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的背景。例如：When/ As/ While we were still laughing, the teacher came in.区别：1) when 既可以引导一持续性动作，又可引导一短暂性动作；它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。例如：When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. （同时）When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. （从句动作发生在主句动作之前）2) as引导一持续性动作，侧重于表示主句和从句的动同时发生，但持续时间一般较短。例如：John sang as he worked.从句表示“随时间推移”，也只能用as。例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。3) while所引导的从句谓语必须是延续性动词，含义相当于during the time that。它也强调主句动作和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重于主句动作和从句动作的对比。例如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.While John was reading, I was watching TV. 2. till, until和not until1) till和until可以通用，表示主句谓语动词所表达的动作继续到从句谓语动词所表达的动作发生时为止，在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词。例如：Well stay here till / until it stops raining. 2) 在否定句中，until 或till可以和非延续性动词连用，这时until和before同义。until引导的从句可以放在句首，till引导的从句一般放在句末。例如：Until (Before) you told me I had no idea of what he said.Jones did not announce the news till / until (before) he was sure of it.3) not until放在句首时，主句的主谓要倒置，表示加强语气。例如：Not until Mary had heard that sound, was she really frightened.3. because, since, as 和for because 表示原因的语气最强，常用于回答以疑问词“why”引导的疑问句,用来说明直接的、根本的原因或人所不知的原因， because 从句一般位于主句后面。For引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些有助于说明情况的补充说明，且不可位于主句前。since 表示一种附带的原因，或者表示已知的显然理由，意为“既然”，引导的从句常放在句首。As所表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。As通常放在主句前，有时也可改用so引导的分句。例如： The engine stopped running because the fuel ran out. Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip. The day is fine, so they decided to go on a trip. It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.4. so that, so-that, such-that1) so that意为“以便”，“结果”,可以引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，在从句中往往有can, could, may, might等情态动词，通常主句在前，从句在后，主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；so that引导结果状语从句时，从句之前常有逗号与主句隔开。例如：They set out early so that they might arrive in time. (目的)They set out early, so that they arrived in time. （结果）2) so that 和such that 这两个词组意为“如此以至于”，正确使用so（副词）和such（形容词）是掌握这两个句型的关键。二者常用结构如下：so +形容词/副词 + thatso + 形容词+ a (an) +可数名词单数+ thatso + many / much / few / little +名词+ thatsuch +a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+ thatsuch +形容词+可数名词复数+ thatsuch +形容词+不可数名词+ that The box is so heavy that nobody can move it away. It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it away.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.There were so many people that we could hardly move on.There were such a lot of people that we could hardly move on.He made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in English.5. so that 和in order that 二者都表示“为了，以便”，用来引导目的状语从句。so that 较常用，一般放在主句之后，有时so that还可以分开；in order that 用于正式文体，引导的从句可放在主句前面或后面，不可分开使用。例如：You must speak louder so that / in order that you can be heard by all.In order that you can be heard by all you must speak louder.So live your life that old age will bring you no regrets.（好好生活以使老年无悔）6. though, although, asthough和although的用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首；as引导让步状语从句时，从句部分须用倒装语序，即把表语、状语或动词（原形）提前，如果名词提前放在句首，该名词前不可加定冠词或不定冠词；though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装，但although不可以这样用。例如：Though / Although he was worn out, he kept on working.Child as / though he was, he knew a lot. Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. Smart as /though he was, he was not able to solve the problem.Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone.7. Only if和if only Only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要” if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如： Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.三、常见考点分析综合分析近几年的高考试题，我们会发现命题者一般不会单独考查状语从句的用法，而是主要从以下几个方面测试考生是否掌握了状语从句：1.测试状语从句中连接词的选择，特别是引导同种类型状语从句的连接词的选择。 【例1】：As the day went on, the weather got worse.【例2】：Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?【例3】：How far apart do they live? As far as I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.2.测试状语从句中时态和语态的用法【例4】：I have decided to go to Shanghai for holiday, Darling. What about you?Well, since youre going, so will I.【例5】：I dont know if it will rain. Youll get wet if it rains . Youd better take an umbrella.3.测试状语从句和定语从句的区别【例6】：Here is so big a stone as no one can move.【例7】：Here is so big a stone that no one can move it.【例8】：I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived when Susan caught up with me.4.测试状语从句的语序【例9】：Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, however much it costs .【例10】：Clever as he is, he doesnt study well.【例11】：Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.5.测试状语从句的省略【例12】：Although told to stop, he kept on working.【例13】：John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.6.测试状语从句和强调句型的不同【例14】：It was not until she took off the glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.【例15】：Did you know that it was when the guests had already left that they went on with their discussion?7.测试状语从句的语气【例16】：If it had not been for the snow, we could have climbed the mountain yesterday.四、语法概括（一）时间状语从句1. when/ while/ asEg: _ When _ I arrived at the station, it was raining heavily. Please close the window _ when/while_ you sleep. _ As_ time went by, I began to understand my parents. I was wandering in the street _ When _ I heard my name called. I was doing homework _ while_ he was playing football.总结:when表示”当时” 可替换while;表示“在那时突然” be about to do when= since 既然(now that)while 表示“当时”，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的= though 尽管as 表示“一边一边” 强调同时性表示“随着”2. before/ after3. since + 句子名词4. till/ untilEg: _ I waited _ until he came back. _ I didnt go to bed_ until he came back.It was until he came back that I waited.It was not until he came back that I went to bed.总结：before 1. 之后才 Eg: It wasnt a long time before we met again. Two months passed before we found out the truth.2.趁着还没Eg: Youd better have your eyes examined before they go worse. I put the food in the icebox before it went bad.5. as soon as/ immediately/ the momentEg: The baby cried _ as soon as_ he saw hismother. 他一听哭声就冲出了房间。He rushed out of the room immediately he heard the cry. 一看见她，我就爱上她了。 I fell in love with her the moment I saw her.6. no sooner than hardly when 刚就Eg:No sooner had I entered the room than it began to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when it began to rain.Eg: 我刚进屋，天就开始下雨。7. 一些表示时间的词组，如：each time/every time/ the first time/ the year/ by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句。Eg: 我们第一次见面的时候，就是好朋友了。The first time we met, we were good friends. 每次我遇到困难，他都会帮助我。Every time I am in trouble, he will help me. 到他十四岁的时候，他已经自学完了数学。By the time he was 14 years old, he had learn the maths by himself.（二）条件状语从句1. if/ unlessEg: _ If_he invites me , I will go. _ Unless_ he invites me, I wont go. _ If_ I were you , I would gave up the plan.注意：suppose/ provided/ providing/ as long as2. in case that/ on condition thatEg: I will go with you _ on condition that_ I have a day off. Please take the raincoat with you _ in case that_ it rains.（三）让步状语从句1.though/ although/even though/ even if2. 特殊疑问词+ everno matter + 特殊疑问词Eg: _ Whatever_ happens, I will never give up. _ However difficult