冠词的定义与分类.docx

一、冠词的定义和分类 冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用在以辅音音素开头的词前面、an用在以元音音素开头的词前面，不定冠词主要表示类指和数量的意义;定冠词只有一种形式the,在辅音音家前询 6V，在元音音素前读oi/，主要表示特指和类指的意义。很多时候名词前不使用冠词，我们把这种现象称为零冠词。 二、不定冠词 不定冠词只用于单数可数名词前，主要表示类指、数量等意义。 1.不定冠词的类指用法 (1)不定冠词可用于单数可数名词前，表示类人或物、 A child needs love. A square has four sides. (2)不定冠词可用于作表语的单数可数名词前，说明某人的身份、职业或某物的类别。 He is an American. (=He is American.) Her wish is to become a teacher. It is a pen, not a ballpoint pen. 2.不定冠词表示数盆的用法 (1)不定冠词可用于第一次提到的人或物的单数可数名词前。 There is a man waiting for you outside. The man looks worried. I looked up and saw a plane. The plane flew low over the trees. (2)不定冠词表示“一，a个数量，与one同义，但不像on。那样强调数字。 He needs an assistant. Rome was not built in a day. (3)不定冠词用于表示价格、速度、时间、比率的名词前，表示“每一”，相当于each或per. She goes shopping twice a week. The car travels at one hundred miles an hour. (4)不定冠词可用于一些名词前，表示“同一，相同”的意思。 My coat and his are of a size. The two girls are of an age. They are birds of a户other. 3.不定冠词的其他用法 (l不定冠词可用于表姓氏的专有名词前，表明说话者不认识此人;不定冠词用于表示日期、地点的专有名词前，含有特定”的意思。 A Mr White came to see you yesterday. There is a Mrs. Smith on the phone for you. I cant remember a Christmas when it snowed so much. (2)不定冠词可用于表姓名的专有名词前，代表其艺术作品或与其性格、身份相似的人。 He had a Van Gogh in the room. The fellow is a Shylock. He is an Einstein of today. (3)不定冠词可用于一些通常成对出现的名词前，这些名词往往被看作一个整体。 Have you got a needle and thread here? There is a horse and cart by the roadside. I need a kn and fork to use for my breakfast.(4)不定冠词可用于一些表示疾病的名词前，与have构成短语，表示“得病，o have a cold have a headache have a toothache havetrun a fever have a stomachache have a backache have a temperature have an earache have a sore throat【注愈】havefly(患流感)(5)不定冠词可用于一些表示动作意味的名词前，与have, take等构成短语。 have a look (n.)=look (v.) have a talk (n.卜talk (v.) have a swim (n.) swim (v.) have a rest/break (n.)=rest/break (v.) have a try (n.)-try (v.) pay a visit (n.)wisit (v.)(6)不定冠词可用于序数词前，表示“又一，再-”的意思。 Shall I ask a thud time? When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.(7)不定冠词可用于一些习惯用语中。 as a matter of fact at a loss in a sense all of a sudden at a discount in a hurry as a rule for a while in a word have a word with keep an eye on take a chance have a say in make a living make a fuss over have a try take an interest in lend a hand 三、定冠词 定冠词可以用于单(复)数可数名词和不可数名词前，表示特指、类指等意义。 1.定冠词的特指用法 (l定冠词用于上文提过的人或物的名词前。 A boy and a girl were sitting on a bench. The boy was smiling but the girl looked . He ordered some books last month. The books have now arrived. We have a cat and two dogs; the cat is black and the dogs are white. (2)定冠词用于由短语或从句修饰的名词前。 The key to the safe is lost. This is the room where the meeting was held. (3)定冠词用于形容词(副词)最高级，序数词或next, last, only, main, sole, same等前面。 He is the cleverest boy in his class. The boy runs (the) fastest among the three. He is the first man to come here. This is the o吟way to solve the problem. They both said the same thing. (4)定冠词和名词连用，表示谈话双方都知道的特定的人或物。 Wheres Helen? -She is in the garden. The milkman was late this morning. Would you pass me the vinegar, please? (5)定冠词还可以表示整体中的部分，如指人体部分的the mind, the brain, the heart等;指物体部分的the door, the floor, the street, the centre, the inside等。 The view there is sweet to the eye and the mind. Open the door please. Be double careful when you cross the street. That car川ed to pass me on the ins此文章出自韦博英语培训/school/peixun001.shtml禁止转载 (6)定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的或被认为是唯一的东西的名词前，如sun,moon, universe, world, sky, earth,，等。 The sun and the moon are often personified in poetry. The sea covers more than half the surface of the earth. When did the universe come into being? 注意】nature意为“自然.自然界”时，不能和定冠词连用。 Diamonds are the hardest substance in nature. If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it. 2.定冠词的类指用法 (1)定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示“一类人或物、 The whale is in danger of becoming extinct. The rose smells sweet. The telephone was invented by Alexander (i Bell. 注意不定冠词和定冠词都可以表示类属，但不定冠词强调的是个别，相当于every;定冠词强调的是类别，相当于。11. A horse is a useful animal. (=Every horse is a useful animal.) The horse is a useful animal. (-All horses are useful animals.)(3)定冠词用在表示国籍的形容词前或class, peasant等名词前.表示整个群体。 The French are famous for their cooking. This part of town is where the upper class live.