一般过去时句型.doc

一般过去时句型一般过去时句型总汇肯定句根据图片内容完成句子。1. I a little child in 1999. I often football with my friends. 提示：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如last year, yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常、反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频度副词连用。 如：My father worked in Shanghai in 2008. 我父亲2008年在上海工作。I often went to school on foot last year. 去年我常步行去上学。否定句将句子改为否定句： 2. I went swimming yesterday. I swimming yesterday. 3. Linda was a student three years ago. Linda a student three years ago.提示：肯定句变否定句，谓语动词是实义动词时，动词前加did not(didnt)，动词使用原形。谓语动词是be(was, were)时， 直接在其后加not(或用其省略形式wasnt, werent)。 如：They didnt play games last night. 他们昨晚没玩游戏。They werent here yesterday. 他们昨天不在这儿。一般疑问句及答句根据图片内容回答问题。4. Did Tom like to play with the little girl? , he . 提示：陈述句变为一般疑问句时， 若谓语是be，将was / were 提前到句首；若谓语是实义动词，在句首加did, 将动词过去式返回原形。回答用Yes, 主语 + was / were / did. 或 No, 主语 + wasnt / werent / didnt. 如：Was she a teacher in 1996? 1996年她是老师吗？No, she wasnt. 不，不是。Did they have a meeting yesterday? 他们昨天开会了吗？Yes, they did. 是的，开了。特殊疑问句根据图片内容回答问题。5. What did you do last weekend? I at home.提示：一般过去时的特殊疑问句句型为： 疑问词 + was /were + 主语+其他？ 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？又如：What time did you finish your home-work? 你几点写完作业的？Where were they last week? 他们上周在哪儿？1. When was Liu Qian born?2. Where were you at this time yesterday?3. How did she travel to Beijing?4. Who played basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon?5. Why didnt they come here by plane?【练一练】根据所给中文提示完成下列句子。1. 他什么时候到的剧院？_ _ he arrive at the theatre?2. 昨天谁去电影院了？_ _ to the cinema yesterday?3. 刚才琳达去哪儿了？_ _ Linda _ just now?4. 完成这项任务花了他们多长时间？_ _ _ it take them to finish the task?5. 贝蒂今天为什么没来上学？_ _ Betty come to school today?【议一议】 含有be动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成为：疑问词 + (1) _ + 其他？ 含有行为动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成为： 疑问词+ (2) _ + 主语 + (3) _+ 其他？ 疑问词（作主语）+ 行为动词的(4) _+ 其他？ 常见的疑问词有：what, when, where, why,who, how, how many, how often, how long, how far等。祈使句的常见句型结构【初试牛刀】将下面的句子改为祈使句，每空一词。1. You can come in._ _, please.2. I can help you._ me _ you.3. You cant eat in class._ _ in class.4. You cant be late for school._ _ late for school.5. You cant take photos here._ photos here.【在线点拨】祈使句表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。表示委婉的祈使语气，可在句首或句末加上please，若在句末加please，之前要用逗号隔开。祈使句有肯定祈使句与否定祈使句两种。1. 肯定祈使句的常见句型结构： Do型：动词原形+宾语+其他. 如：Open the door, please. Be型：Be+表语. 如：Be a good boy! Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. (或：Lets+动词原形+其他.) 如：Let me helpyou. 又如：Lets play tennis.2. 否定祈使句的常见句型结构： Do型和Be型的否定式：Dont+动词原形 / be+其他. 如：Dont forget me. 又如：Dont be late. Let型的否定式：Dont +let+宾语+动词原形+其他. (或：Lets +not+动词原形+其他.) 如：Dont let him go back. 又如：Lets not go swimming. 警示语：No+名词 / 动词-ing形式. 如：No talking.英语中的七大典型理解错误例析1. He is too anxious to know the secret.误：他太急切了以至不想知道这个秘密。正：他极想知道这个秘密。析：tooto结构相当于sothatcant结构，但并非所有tooto句型都表示否定意思。如果too 后是ready, pleased, willing, anxious, helpful, eager, glad, easy等形容词时，常表示肯定意义。如：He is too ready to talk. （他乐于讲话）；又如：The film is too helpful for the children to see. （这部电影很有益，孩子们可以看）。2. This is more than I can do.误：这比我能做的还多。正：这是我不能做的。析：more thancan / could往往译作“不能”。其中的more than表示否定，相当于not。如：This is more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.（ 这是我们无法忍受的，所以便决定利用最后一天时间到农村去逛逛）。3. This film is no more interesting than that one.误：这部电影不比那部有趣。正：这部电影和那部一样无趣。析：“no more +形容词+than”意为“和 一样不”，对比的双方均被否定，与“not more+形容词+than”不同。This film is not more interesting than that one才可译为“这部电影不如那部有趣”。4. His uncle little cares if he has difficulty.误：他叔叔很少关心他是否有困难。正：他叔叔根本不关心他是否有困难。析：little置于know, think, care, imagine, guess, dream, expect, realize等表示心理活动或情感状态的动词前，表示强烈否定，意为“丝毫不、根本不”。如：They little suspect. (他们一点也不怀疑)；又如：Little did we think that we would lose the game. （我们根本没想到会输掉比赛)。5. I dont suppose its the rush hour yet.误：我没有料到现在是交通拥挤的时刻。正：我推测现在还不是交通拥挤的时刻。析：当think, believe, suppose, feel等动词作主句谓语时，其宾语从句的否定往往要转移到主句谓语动词上，但仍表示宾语否定。6. It is two years since he was a PLA man.误：他参军两年了。正：他退伍两年了。析：在since引导的时间状语从句中，如果谓语是延续性动词或状态动词的肯定式，其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束。如果要表达“他参军两年了”，可以说It is two years since he joined the army或It is two years since he became a PLA man。7. The teacher can tell us if the meeting will be held tomorrow.误：如果明天召开会议，老师会告诉我们。正：老师能告诉我们明天是否召开会议。析：if引起的从句如果位于主句之后，可能是条件状语从句，也可能是宾语从句，这要根据具体语言环境决定。这里if从句谓语用了一般将来时，不可能是条件状语（条件状语从句在这里要用一般现在时表示将来），故是宾语从句；此外，动词tell习惯带双宾语过四关，掌握there be句型【第一关】结构陈述关：there be句型“存在”意，there be主语加某地。there be句型表示某处有人、物，there be放句首, 主语跟在后。表示地点的介词短语多数在主语之后。如：There is a rubber on the desk. 书桌上有块橡皮。【第二关】谓语动词关：there be真特殊，不留am只留俩。要用is还是are，要看主语单与复。多个主语同相处，be动词和近邻最和睦。there be句型中的be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致（主语若为不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，若为复数时用are）。如：There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一张照片。There are two girls in the classroom. 教室里有两个女孩儿。当there be句型中有两个或两个以上的主语时,谓语动词be应与邻近的主语在“数”上保持一致，即“就近原则”。如:There is a pen and two pencils in the box. / There are two pencils and a pen in the box. 盒子里有一枝钢笔和两枝铅笔。【第三关】句型转换关：否定句be后not加，疑问句be在there前。疑问、否定任你变，some变any记心间。数量词语若划线，how many在句首见。如：There is a bike beside the shop. (变为否定句) There is not / isnt a bike beside the shop. There are some flowers in the garden. (变为一般疑问句) Are there any flowers in the garden?【第四关】与have(has)区别关：there be和have同为“有”的意思，但它们用法不同。there be表示某地存在某人或某物；have(has)表示某人或某物归属某人。如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。（表示存在）I have a bird. 我有一只鸟。（表示拥有）【跟踪练习】.用is或are填空。1. There _ a boat on the lake.2. There _ a computer and two chairs in the room.3. There _ some trees behind my house.4. In the classroom, there _ ten students and a teacher. 根据要求改写句子。5. There are some pictures in the box. (改为否定句) _6. There is a book under the desk. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) _7. There are two dogs on the grass. (对划线部分提问)_8. right, playground, is, the, a, there, on (连词成句)_反意疑问句 一二三一、 结构陈述句+简略一般疑问句？（两部分的人称时态应保持一致）当陈述句为肯定形式时，疑问句部分用否定形式；反之，疑问句部分用肯定形式。 如：It is very cool today, isnt it? 今天天气很凉爽，对吗？They will go for a picnic this weekend, wont they? 这个周末他们要去野餐，对吗？二、 回答反意疑问句的回答首先用yes或no，然后按事实回答。如：She is a Chinese girl, isnt she? 她是个中国姑娘，对吗？Yes, she is. 是的，她是。Danny doesnt know the answer, does he? 丹尼不知道答案，对吗？No, he doesnt. 对，他不知道。三、 注意当陈述部分有never, few, little, nothing 等词时，被视为否定句，后面的疑问句用肯定形式。如：There are few apples in the basket, are there? 篮子里没什么苹果，对吗？【练习】 完成下列反意疑问句。1. Jenny isnt in her room, ?2. Your parents are cooking supper, ?3. Mary cant use chopsticks, ?4. You never drink wine(酒), ?5. The Shanghai Expo will last for about six months, ?6. Eric has gone back to England, ?7. Danny got up late again, ?8. Your uncle doesnt like Western food, ?使用反意疑问句时我们还要注意以下特殊情况：1. 当陈述部分含有never, few, little, nothing等表示否定的词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。如：She never goes to the cinema, does she? 她从不去看电影，是吗？2. 若陈述部分为祈使句时，反意疑问部分可以用will you, can you, cant you, wont you等；但若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问部分常用will you。以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we。而Let us/me后面的疑问部分常用will you。如：Try to be back by two, wont you? 设法两点之前回来，好吗? Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 别忘了寄信，好吗？Lets go skating, shall we? 我们去滑冰，好吗？Let me have a look at the book, will you? 让我看看那本书，行吗？3. 在I am的肯定陈述句后，反意疑问部分用arent I。如：Im naughty, arent I? 我很淘气，是吗？另外，回答反意疑问句时应注意，只要事实是肯定的，就用yes来回答；事实是否定的，就用no来回答。但当前一部分是否定时，根据汉语习惯常把yes翻译成“不”，no翻译成“是”。如：Jack isnt a good student, is he? 杰克不是个好学生，是吗？Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. 不，他是。/ 是的，他不是。【跟踪练习】一、选择填空。( )1. Our hometown is more beautiful now than before, _?A. isnt itB. is it C. doesnt it D. does it( )2. Nick, clean your room, _?A. will youB. shall we C. dont you D. doesnt he( )3. Shes never been to the new airport, _ she? A. isntB. has C. hasntD. is( )4. Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _? No. She got up too late.A. had sheB. hadnt sheC. did sheD. didnt she二、完成下列反意疑问句。5. The little boy read this book, _ _?6. There were only six people, _ _?7. Lets go to the cinema together, _ _?8. Few students can work out the problem, _ _?9. The little girl drank little milk, _ _?10. The young man has written eight new songs this year, _ _?肯定句、否定句和疑问句错误用法例析【病句1】 The girl is gets up at six every morning.【剖析】 这是一个肯定句，表达的意思是“这个女孩每天早晨6点起床。”句中get是实义动词，因此主语后面不需要跟系动词be。反之，如果一个肯定句中没有实义动词作谓语，则应在主语后面接系动词be。如：My mother is at home now. 我妈妈现在在家。He worked in a hotel last year. 他去年在一家宾馆工作。They were in Beijing yesterday morning. 昨天上午他们在北京。She often does some exercise in the park. 她经常在公园里锻炼。【纠正】 【病句2】 I didnt went to Shanghai last week. 【剖析】 这是一个含有实义动词的否定句。肯定句变否定句一般有以下几种情况：1) 含有系动词be (am, is, are, was, were)，情态动词(can, may等)，助动词（will, would等）的句子，变否定时，一律在其后加not。如：My sister isnt a teacher. 我姐姐不是教师。She cant play table tennis. 她不会打乒乓球。Mr. White wont go to England next month. 怀特先生下个月不去英国。2) 含有实义动词的句子变否定句时，根据不同的时态和人称在实义动词前加不同的词：一般现在时态加dont或doesnt，一般过去时态加didnt。但实义动词必须用原形。如：Jenny doesnt like playing basketball. 詹妮不喜欢打篮球。They dont want to sing the English song. 他们不想唱那首英语歌曲。Danny didnt do his homework yesterday. 昨天丹尼没有做作业。【纠正】 【病句3】 Does your mother often reads newspapers?【剖析】 这是一个一般疑问句。一般疑问句是用yes或no回答的问句，以系动词、助动词或情态动词开头。陈述句变为一般疑问句有下面几种情况：1) 含有系动词be、助动词或情态动词的陈述句构成一般疑问句时，一律将系动词be、助动词或情态动词提到句首。如：Are there any books on the desk? 书桌上有一些书吗？Will he come back in two days? 他两天后回来吗？May I help you? 我可以帮你吗？2) 含实义动词的陈述句构成一般疑问句时，要根据不同的时态在句首加不同的助动词：一般现在时态加do或does，一般过去时态加did。但实义动词必须用原形。如：Do you dance well? 你跳舞跳得好吗？Does the teacher in red teach English? 穿红衣服的那位教师教英语吗？Did you watch the football match? 你看那场足球赛了吗？【纠正】 【病句4】 How many days he will stay in Qingdao?【剖析】 这是一个特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句是由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成。其答语不用yes或no，而是根据具体情况作具体回答。如：How did your father know the thing? 你父亲是如何知道这件事情的？Our teacher told him. 我们的老师告诉他的。When shall we travel to Dalian? 我们什么时候去大连旅游？Next summer holiday. 下个暑假。【纠正】 肯定句、否定句和疑问句使用误区：【误区之一】谓语动词的误用 1. My brother usually go to school on foot.2. Listen! The girl is play the piano.3. Tom doesnt his homework every day.4. He doesnt likes playing football.5. Will your brother takes part in the sports meeting next month?6. Were your parents at home yesterday? No, they were. 【指点迷津】 1. 在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，其谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式，故句1中的 go 应改为 goes。2. 现在进行时的构成是“be + v-ing”，故句2中的play应改为playing。3. 在一般现在时中，行为动词的的否定句由“dont/doesnt + 动词原形”构成，故句3中应将doesnt改为doesnt do， 句4中的likes应改为like。4. 在一般将来时中，行为动词的一般疑问句在句首加Will/Shall，动词用原形，故句5中的takes应改为take。5. 在一般过去时中，be动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答为： Yes, 主语+ was/were. 否定回答为：No, 主语+ wasnt/werent.故对话6答语中的were应改为werent， 或者将No改为Yes。【误区之二】不定代词或副词的误用 1. Are you busy today? No, I dont have something to do today.2. Whom will be the first to reach the finish line (终点线)?3. He isnt going to school on foot tomorrow, too.【指点迷津】 1. 含有some / something / somebody等不定代词的肯定句或疑问句变为否定句时，应把这些词变成相应的any / anything / anybody等，故对话1中的something应改为anything。2. whom在句中作宾语，而who作主语，此句中缺少动作的发出者(即主语)，故应用who。3. 含有too或also的肯定句，在变为否定句时，要将too或also改为either如何表达“将来的安排和打算”一、be going to do这一结构主要用来表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某事或即将出现某种情况。也可用来表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事。例如：Are you going to post that letter by air mail?Hes going to be a doctor when he grows up.二、will / shall do这一结构通常用来表示将来发生的事情，带有说话人的主观态度和看法。用它也可表示“意愿”或“意图”。例如：As the railway is not yet open to traffic, we shall go by boat.Ill go and see Tom as soon as I get to Shanghai.补给站：“will / shall do”和“be going to do”这两种结构都可以表示“意图”，前者表示说话时临时想到的，而后者通常是事先经过考虑的。三、现在进行时这一结构表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，适用于表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive等。例如：The president is coming to the UN this week.Were moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.补给站：这种表达方式的“安排”，是指“肯定的安排”