交际用语(授课理论版).doc

交际用语日常交际用语是大学英语B统考试题中的第一部分，目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题，包括5个小题，每题3分，共15分，考试建议时间为10分钟。在复习该部分知识时，注意以下两个方面：一、解题技巧（一）探索答语的规律在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，例如： Do you think I can use your car for one day? .A. Im afraid not. B. No, you cant.C. I wont let you do that.D.Absolutely not.解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子“Im afraid not”就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如：I would like to，butThats a good idea，butB. 利他原则 在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如： I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? .A. No, you dont knowB. I dont know.C. Yes, you will.D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C. 文化遵从原则 在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如：Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? . A. Thank you very muchB. No, no, John is not badC. Thank you. He is fineD. Dont say that. Its ugly. John is good解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等，反而就不礼貌了， 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。（二）排除法我们发现，交际用语部分试题的选项中，错误选项不但错得比较明显，而且有一定规律可循，这为我们在解题时使用排除法提供了机会。错项的类型大体有：A. 选项本身语法错误；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C.选项明显违反上述三原则；D. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点；例如：1） Mary, are you and your husband busy this weekend? . A. this weekend we may go to cinemaB. No, were notC. Oh, its none of your businessD. Welcome to our party讲解：Mary 的问题包含了“忙不忙”的询问，她可能想邀请对方作点什么。选项A属于上述D 的情况，虽然与提问句的主题有关，但并未直接提供“忙”还是“不忙”的信息；C 回答很不客气，显然违反礼貌原则；D 与谈话主题无关，最后只剩下B是答案。2） You are not the manager here, are you? . A. Yes, Im not B. No, I amC. Yes, I am D. No, not at all讲解： 选项A，B 都属于本身语法错误，不看发问句也可以排除。D 语法无错，但不能提供发问句要求的信息，属错项，答案是C。通过对近几次统考试题的分析，我们发现交际用语的考查形式多样：既有给出第一句问语，选答语的情况；也有给出答语，选第一句问语的情况（当然前者居多）。还有一些新的考查形式：如给出问语或答语的一部分，让考生补充完整问语或答语。事实上，这就给了考生更多的提示，缩小了选择的范围，在一定程度上降低了试题的难度。在做类似考题时，应抓住题干中已有文字提供的信息，选择最符合题意的选项，排除干扰项。例如：3）Would you like another slice of Christmas cake? Im full.A. Yes, please.B. No more, thanks.C. Why not?D. Nothing more.讲解：第一说话人询问对方“你要不要再吃一块圣诞蛋糕？”，根据答者的第二句话Im full.“我吃饱了”，推断出前一句的答语应该是No more, thanks“吃不下了，谢谢”。而选项A，C表示接受邀请，D表示“没有什么（要说/做）的了”，均不符合题意，可直接排除。所以选B。二、交际用语模拟试题讲解交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可分为以下三类：询问类试题，约占该部分考题36.7%了； 看法类试题，约占该部分考题26.7%；功能类用语试题，约占该部分考题36.6%。在下面的讲解中，我们按照这种分类，先总结每类交际用语的常用句型，然后列举典型示例。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率，从高到低排序进行讲解。（一） 询问类1、请求允许和应答第一：A.提出请求May /Can /could I use (borrow/take/ask/see) ？(我可以用/借/问/看吗？)I wonder /I am wondering if? (不知道我能否？)Would you please？ (能请你吗？)Please give me a hand.Do you think ? (你认为？) B. 回答请求同意Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course./By all means./ Yes, do please. / /Yes, what can I do for you?/Here you are. /Thats OK./ All right./ Help yourself./ Go ahead. (可以/当然/拿去/请便。)回绝Im afraid (我恐怕)Im sorry, but(对不起，但是)Im sorry you cant. /Youd better not.(很抱歉，不行。/你最好别这样。)Id rather 我宁愿【典型示例】1. Hello , may I talk to the headmaster now? - _ A. Sorry, he is busy at the momentB. No, you cantC. Sorry, you cantD. I dont know答案：A2.- Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- _A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, go on C. Yes , help yourselfD. It doesnt matter答案：C3. -May I see your tickets and passports, please?w- _A. No , you cant B. Yes, you canC. Here you are D. No, they are mine答案：C4. Can you turn down the radio , please?w _A. Oh, I know B. Im sorry, I didnt realize it was that loud C. Ill keep it down next time D. Please forgive me 答案：B5. Excuse me, may I sit here ?w_A. Please sit down B. Youre welcome C. Yes, certainly. This seats freeD. Yes, it doesnt matter答案：C6. Could I use your dictionary for a moment? - _A. Its wellB. It doesnt matterC. By all meansD. I have no idea答案：C7. Could I borrow your car for a few days? .A. Yes, you may borrow.B. Yes, go on.C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey.D. It doesnt matter.答案： C8. I wonder if I could use your computer tonight? Im not using it right now. A. Sure, go ahead.B. I dont know.C. It doesnt matter.D. Who cares 答案： A10. I wonder if you could help me?w _A. I could B. Yes, I doC. No, not at all D. Certainly 答案：D11. Please give me a hand, wont you?w _A. Of course I will B. Youre welcomeC. You are so kind D. Dont mention it答案：A第二： A. 提出请求Do / Would you mind if I / my doing (你是否介意？)B.回答请求同意No，I dont mind./ Of course not./Certainly not./ No，not at all.(不介意./当然不介意/一点也不介意) Please do./ No，go ahead, please./ OK.(行，做吧。)不同意Yes, I do.Im afraid./ Im sorry, but.或Id rather you didnt(我介意)【典型示例】1）Would you mind changing seats with me? A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to. C. No, I dont mind.D.Certainly, please do.答案：C2）Do you mind my smoking here? A. No, thanks. B. Yes, I do.C. Yes, Id rather not.D. Good idea.答案：B3）Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table? A. Good news for youB. Go ahead, pleaseC. Yes, sureD. No, I cant答案：B。在用mind句型征求对方的意见时，如果表示同意，也可明确表示“please do/做吧，Go ahead, please./行”。2、邀请、约会与应答A.提出邀请Would you like to ？Will /Can you come to ？(你能来参加吗?)Id like to invite you to .(我想邀请你)B.回答邀请同意Yes / thank you, Id love to.(谢谢，我愿意。)Yes, its very kind of you.(愿意，你太好了。) That would be very nice. (那太好了。)回绝Thanks/Sorry，I(非常感谢/抱歉，我)Id like to but/ Id love to but(我很愿意去，但是)提出约会：Are you/Will you be free?How about tomorrow?Shall we meet at? 回答约会:Yes, thats all right Yes, Ill be free thenAll right. See you thenNo, I wont be free then. 【典型示例】1. Would you like to have a dinner with us this evening ? - _A. OK, but I have to go to a meeting nowB. No, I cant C. Sorry (Id love to), I will go to the airport this eveningD. I dont know 答案：C2. - We are going to have a dancing party tonight. Would you like to join us? - _ A. Yes, its very kind of youB. Of course not. I have no ideaC. No, I cant D. Thats all set答案：A3. - Can you come over for dinner with us ? - _A. Id love to, but I have a meeting tonight.B. It doesnt matter. C. No, I dont like. D. Oh, that sounds well.答案：A4.- I have got two tickets for the match. Shall we go and watch it together ? -_A. The tickets must be expensiveB. The match must be excitingC. Why not ? Lets goD. The place is too far away答案：C 5. -Id like to take you to the coffee house on the corner. - _A. Thank you. You shouldnt do thatB. Thanks, Id like to go with youC. No, you cant say soD. No, no. You cant do that答案：B6. - I have an appointment with Dr. Johnson -_A. The appointment is put off B. You look sick and weakC. Please wait for a minute. He is busy nowD. Tell me your ID number答案：C7. Would you like to go fishing with us now? - _A. No, I dont likeB. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to doC. I wont tell youD. Oh, it is well答案：B3、提供帮助及应答A. 提供帮助Can/Could I help you? / What can I do for you？/Is there anything I can do for you?/ Do you want me to ? (有什么可以为您效劳吗？)Would you like me to help you with ? (我能帮您做吗？)Let me do/carry/help ?B. 应 答接受帮助Thanks. That would be nice/fine./ Its so nice of you./ Thats very kind of you.(多谢，那太好了)Thank you for your help.(感谢你的帮助)礼貌地回绝Im sorry/ No, thanks/ thank you./Thank you all the same./Thats very kind of you, but/ Thats ok. I can manage it myself. (谢谢，不用了。我能处理)【典型示例】 1. -Can I help you with your suitcase ?w-_A. I have no idea B. No, no. I can carry it myselfC. Thats a good ideaD. Thank you. I can manage myself答案：D 2. Can I help you to get it down? w_A. No problem B. Yes. Lets get it C. Thanks. Its so nice of you D. Its no trouble at all答案：C3This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. A. You may ask for help.B. Let me give you a hand.C. Please do me a favor.D. Id come to help答案：B4. Can I help you with your suitcase?. A. Thats OK. I can manageB. Its not very lightC. I can help you with itD. Put it down on the ground答案：A 4. 提出建议、劝告Youd better(not)/Shall we ?/You should/ought to/Lets/What/How about ?/ Why not?/ Why dont you? Sure/Great/ Thats a good idea No, thanks.【典型示例】1. -There is an hour to go. Could we seat somewhere to have a drink ? - _ A. Have a try B. sure C. Dont go please D. No, I cant 答案：B2. -What about another coffer? - _A. No, thanks B. Youre so kindC. Yes of course D. Sorry for the trouble答案：A3. -What about going for a walk ? -_A. Walking is good to you B. Thats all right C. So , do I D. Why not? A good idea答案：D4. -In my opinion, youd better take a couple of days off . - _A. I will take your adviceB. Let me seeC. Never mindD. Im afraid so答案：A5. -Please tell Dived not to drink too much . - _A. OK, lets go B. I seeC. Its time for lunchD. Please have a drink答案：B6. How about going to the cinema tonight, Jane? - _ A. I dont think so B. Im sorry. I have to drive my mother home tonight C. Never mind D. Take it easy答案：B5、问 路A. 询问道路Excuse me, can you tell me the way to ？Excuse me, where is / how can I get to？(抱歉，请问去怎么走呢？)Is this right（the right way to）？ (请问这是去的路吗？)B. 回答当知道对方询问的道路，就一定要给出具体信息Go down（up）the street. /Turn right（left）(顺着街道往上/下走。在右/左转。)Go straight ahead till you see (往前直走直到你看见)Its on the right（left） corner just ahead. (在前面右边/左边转角处。) 当不知道对方询问的道路，抱歉地说明原委Sorry，I dont know. Sorry, Im a stranger here. (抱歉，我不知道。)【典型示例】1. -Excuse me, sir. Where is Dr. Browns office? - _A. You cant ask meB. Pardon ? I have no ideaC. Please dont say so D. Sorry I dont know, but you can ask the man over here答案： D2. -Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the airport? -_A. Dont ask thatB. Sorry, I am a stranger hereC. No, I cant say that D. No, you are driving too fast答案：B3. -Excuse me, is this the right direction for the school ? - _A. Well, no , youre going in the wrong direction B. No, dont ask me C. No, I dont know D. Dont go this way答案：A4.- Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest supermarket? -_A. Its not far from thereB. The supermarket is very largeC. The goods there are very expensiveD. Go down this street and turn left.答案：D5. - Is the toilet on the ground floor or second floor? - _A. No there isnt.B. Yes, it is. C. On the ground floorD. It is empty答案：C6、询问具体信息A.询问询问的主题为：职业、时间、地点、距离、日期、费用、人物、事件、时长、频率等。Who/ What/ When/ Where（何人/何事/何时/何地）How long/How often/How many/ How much（时间多长或距离多远/频率/数量多少）职业:What does sb. do?/What is sb.?时间:Whats the time?/What time is it?/Do you have the watch(time)?日期:Whats the date today?/What date is it today?What day is today?/What day is it today?B. 回答:直扣主题，提供对方需要的信息。注意：1）特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词做出具体的回答。1. - That man alone over there. Who is he? - _A. He is a student B. He is Doctor Took C. A driver, I suppose D. Hes drunk答案：B2. - Why dont you travel to New York on vacation? - _A. I dont want to go B. Excuse me, because I cantC. I want to but I havent go enough moneyD. Because Im going to school today答案：C3. - What subjects are you studying? - _A. Yes, Im study historyB. Im studying nowC. Im studying philosophy D. Im doing my homework答案：C4. - Which language do you speak at home? - _A. I speak English very wellB. I can speak English and FrenchC. English is my mother tongueD. English, most of the time答案：D5. - When does the next bus leave for Glasgow? - _A. Ive never been thereB. The next one is faster C. They leave every hour D. The city is far away答案：C6. - Excuse me, how far is the airport from here? - _A. You can take a taxiB. Its about thirty milesC. Ill fly to SidneyD. Its only six hundred dollars答案：B7. - Can you tell me how much a radio like this costs? - _A. Id like to buy it B. Its of very good qualityC. About eighty-five dollarsD. It depends on how you like it答案：C8. - Do you mind telling me where you are from? - _A. Certainly, Im from LondonB. Sure, I was born in LondonC. Not really, you can do itD. Certainly not. Im from London答案：D9. - How often do you have listening classes in a week ? - _A. Listening classes are difficultB. Last week and the week beforeC. They have no listening classesD. Every Monday and Friday答案：D10. -What does your English-teacher looks like? - _A. She likes singingB. She looks sad C. She likes to stay with us D. She looks much like her mother答案：D11. Paul, ? Oh, thats my father! And beside him, my mother.A. what is the person over thereB. whos talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that答案：B12. How often do you go dancing? A. I will go dancing tomorrow.B. Yesterday.C. Every other day.D. Ive been dancing for a year.答案：C，意为“每隔一天去跳一次舞。”2) 一般疑问句通常用yes和no来回答， 时态人称要一致。 1. -Have you even been to Tokyo? -_A. No, I didnt go there last yearB. No, but I hope to go there next yearC. Tokyo is a busy city D. Yes, I will do it next time答案：B2. -Are there any drug-stores around here? - _A. Yes, there is one on the left cornerB. Yes, it isC. No, it isnt D. Oh, you must have a cold答案：A 3.- Do you think the exam will be put off ? - _A. Not good newsB. The exam is difficultC. Not likely D. It was put off yesterday答案：C4. Did Tom tell you to water the flowers? - _A. No. And so did IB. No. And neither did IC. He did. And so I didD. He did. And so do I 答案：C 3) 当情态动词must引起一般问句：“必须吗？”，其否定回答通常用“you neednt/dont have to”表示“没有必要”。1.- Must we hand in our homework now? -_A. Yes, you will B. Yes, you mustntC. No, you neednt D. No, you mustnt 答案：C2. -Must I do the washing-up tonight? - _A. No, you mustnt if you dont wantB. Leave it if you are exhaustedC. Washing-up is really exhaustingD. Washing-up is really takes up time答案：B3. Must I take a taxi?No, you . You can take my car. A. had better toB. dontC. must notD. dont have to答案：D4) 选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句，答语应做出一个明确的选择。1. - What would you like, tea or coffee? - _A. Yes, I would B. Coffee, pleaseC. Yes, please D. Its very nice答案：B2. -Did you travel to Xian by train or by plane? -_A. It is possible travel by planeB. I travel either by train or by planesC. Yes, I traveled by train D. I flew there答案：D3. Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? - _A. Id rather stay here if you dont mindB. Sorry, I dont like neitherC. Certainly, why not?D. Yes, we like these two places答案：A5) 省略倒装句 省略倒装句的对话首句是肯定句时,用So+助动词+主语构成；首句是否定句时用Neither+助动词+主语构成。1.- I think the Internet is very useful . - _A. So do I B. Thats a very good ideaC. Neither do I D. I do rather go surfing on it答案：A2. -I dont like the sports programs on Sundays. - _A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So am I D. Neither am I答案：B3.- I have been to the Great Wall. - _A. Neither have I B. So do I C. Neither do I D. So have I答案：D4.- I havent seen Belly for ten years. - _A. Either have I B. Neither have I C. Havent I D. So have I答案：B6）反意疑问句的答语应根据实际情况确定： w 反意疑问句是在句子后附加一简短的一般疑问句构成的问句，用以要求对方判断或证实所陈述之事，一般前、后两部分意思相反（前肯定，后否定；或者，前否定后肯定）前面句中有never等否定词时也是否定句，反意部分要用肯定式。w 反意问句的答语应根据实际情况确定：内容是肯定的，就用yes；内容是否定的，则用no。当前面句子为否定时，尤要特别小心，不要搞错。如： It didnt rain yesterday, did it ? -昨天没有下雨，对吗？-Yes, it did 不，下雨了 -No, it didnt 对，没有下1. -You are not the manager here, are you? - _A