天津高考英语专题一语法知识第5讲交际用语优选习题.docx

第5讲交际用语1.You know what？Ive got a New Year concert ticket.Oh， Youre kidding.(2018江苏，28)A.so what? B.go ahead.C.come on. D.what for?答案C解析句意为：你猜怎么着？我有一张新年音乐会的票。噢，得了吧。你在开玩笑吧。so what意为“那又怎么样呢”，表示对对方说的话不以为然；go ahead意为“去吧，干吧”，用于鼓励别人；come on可意为“加油”，用于激励别人，也可意为“得了吧，怎么会呢”，表示不相信；what for用于询问目的，意为“为了什么”。由语境可知C项正确。2.What happened？Your boss seems to .Didnt you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press？(2018江苏，35)A.be over the moon B.laugh his head offC.be all ears D.fly off the handle答案D解析句意为：发生了什么事？你的老板似乎 。难道你不知道他的秘书把这个秘密报告泄露给了新闻记者了吗？D项fly off the handle意为“大发雷霆”，符合语境。be over the moon欣喜若狂；laugh his head off大笑不止，狂笑不已；be all ears全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听。3.Wasnt Joan supposed to be here by now? .She will be here in about twenty minutes.(2018天津，1)A.All right B.Dont worryC.No wonder D.Enjoy yourself答案B解析句意为：难道现在琼不应该在这里吗？别担心。她大约20分钟后到。Dont worry意为“别担心”，符合语境，故选B。All right好的；No wonder难怪；Enjoy yourself玩得开心。4.Im moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help. .Just let me know when，and Ill be there.(2018天津，5)A.You bet B.It dependsC.Forget it D.No kidding答案A解析句意为：几天以后我就要搬走了，我想知道你能否帮一下忙。肯定的。搬的时候告诉我一声，我就会去的。You bet意为“当然，肯定的”，符合语境，故选A。It depends视情况而定；Forget it没关系，不必在意，别提它了；No kidding不开玩笑，说真的。5.What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?Its nothing.Just something .(2017江苏，33)A.as clear as dayB.off the top of my headC.under my noseD.beyond my wildest dreams答案B解析句意为：你T恤衫上印的是什么？也没什么含义。要我马上说的话，也就是个物体而已。根据前面的回答“Its nothing.”(没什么意思)可知选B项off the top of my head “不假思索地(回答问题或提供信息)”。as clear as day一清二楚；under my nose在我眼皮底下，当着我的面；beyond my wildest dreams做梦也想不到。 6.Alberts birthday is on next Saturday，and Im planning a surprise party for him. .Ill bring some wine.(2017天津，1)A.Sounds like fun B.It dependsC.Just a minute D.You are welcome答案A解析句意为：艾伯特下周六过生日，我正筹划一个聚会，要给他一个惊喜。听起来很有趣(Sounds like fun)。我会带一些葡萄酒来。It depends那得看情况；Just a minute请稍等；You are welcome不客气。7.Michael was late for Mr Smiths chemistry class this morning. ？As far as I know，he never came late to class.(2017天津，7)A.So what B.Why notC.Who cares D.How come答案D解析句意为：今天早上迈克尔在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。怎么会呢(How come)？据我所知，他上课从未迟到过。So what？那又怎样？Why not？为什么不呢？Who cares？管它呢，谁管呢？8.Im thinking of going back to school to get another degree.Sounds great！ .(2016天津，6)A.It all depends B.Go for itC.Never mind D.No wonder答案B解析句意为：我正考虑回学校再攻读个学位。听起来太棒了！好好争取吧。Go for it意为“好好争取”，符合语境。It all depends那得看情况；Never mind不要紧；No wonder不足为奇。9.Are you sure youre ready for the test? .Im well prepared for it.(2016浙江，1)A.Im afraid not B.No problemC.Hard to say D.Not really答案B解析句意为：你确定为考试做好准备了吗？没问题，我准备好了。Im afraid not恐怕不；No problem没问题；Hard to say很难说；Not really不完全是，不见得。根据答语中的“Im well prepared for it.”可知，选B。10.The movie starts at 830，and we can have a quick bite before we go. .See you at 810.(2016浙江，20)A.So long B.Sounds greatC.Good luck D.Have a good time答案B解析句意为：电影将在八点半开始，我们走之前可以随便吃点什么。听起来不错。八点十分见。Sounds great听起来不错，用来表示同意对方的建议，符合语境。So long再见；Good luck祝你好运；Have a good time玩得愉快。11.Jim，can you work this Sunday? ？ Ive been working for two weeks on end.(2015江苏，23)A.Why me B.Why notC.What if D.So what答案A解析句意为：吉姆，这个星期天你能工作吗？ 为什么是我？我已经连续工作两个星期了。Why me为什么是我；Why not为什么不；What if如果又能怎样；So what那又怎样。Why me是“Why do you ask me to work this Sunday”的省略。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1情景交际1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,112俗语谚语2,5解题方法一、“三忌”少失误1. “一忌”上词下用：上词下用指的是答句部分沿用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用“I dont.”应答“Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.”，用“Dont be sorry.”回答“Im sorry I broke your mirror.”，以及用“No thanks.”回答“Thank you so much for the book you sent me.” 等等。如何避免“上词下用”的误区，一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目；二是确认句子上下文语境；三是确认正确的话语方式。2.“二忌”汉式思维：与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑性，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，都非常符合汉语的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。解题失误之一就是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案，这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。3.“三忌”直接回绝：这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉、客气或礼貌，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯，所以语法上正确的、汉语上讲得通的不一定就是正确答案。因此，情景对话的正确回答必须遵循“委婉、客气、礼貌”的原则，特别是在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词：如 but，Im afraid，Im sorry，thanks，please，had better等等。二、“三法”得高分1.熟记常考情景高考英语常考如下8种情景：询问信息、个人看法、电话、就餐、请求、问候、谈论天气、购物。熟练掌握上述情景的交际方式和常用表达，解决问题就能有的放矢。比如对于道谢及其答语有：Thank you very much./Thanks a lot./Its kind of you to help me./Thats (Its) all right./Youre welcome./Dont mention it./Its a pleasure./Its my pleasure.等；对于道歉及其答语：Excuse me./Im sorry./Pardon me./Thats all right./Not at all./Dont worry about it./Never mind.等。2.分析题目语言环境，确保用语和谐一致交际用语的考查主要设置在真实的语境中，做题时要考虑全面，要注意语境的和谐一致。特别要注意上下句的关系，不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。特别是对话，要看答语和问句是否一致。3.注意东西方文化差异，不要受汉语思维影响东西方文化不同，教育不同，思维方式也不一样，表现在交际中也大相径庭。所以要从西方文化角度去思考问题，不要受汉语思维的影响。考点1 情景交际1.Going to watch the Womens Volleyball Match on Wednesday? ！Will you go with me？(2017江苏，35)A.You there B.You betC.You got me D.You know better答案B解析句意为：周三看女排比赛吗？ ！你跟我一起去好吗？从对话的连贯性来看，这里应选B项You bet来回答前面的问句，表示“当然啦，一点儿不错”。You there说你呢；You got me你明白我的意思了；You know better你不会不知道吧。2.Only those who have a lot in common can get along well. .Opposites sometimes do attract.A.I hope not B.I think soC.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ答案D解析句意为：只有那些志趣相投的人才能够友好相处。恕我不敢苟同，有时兴趣相反的人却能相互吸引。根据答语第二句“Opposites sometimes do attract.”可知，答话者并不同意对方的说法。I beg to differ恕我不能赞同，符合语境。I hope not我希望不是这样；I think so我认为是这样；I appreciate that我很欣赏，都与语境不符。3.It was a wonderful trip.So，which city did you like better，Paris or Rome? .There were good things and bad things about them.A.Its hard to say B.I didnt get itC.You must be kidding D.Couldnt be better答案A解析句意为：这是一次美好的旅行。那么，你更喜欢哪座城市，巴黎还是罗马？很难说。它们各有优缺点。Its hard to say意为“很难说”，符合语境。I didnt get it.我不明白；You must be kidding.你一定是在开玩笑；Couldnt be better.再好不过了。4.Can you come to a party on Saturday，Peter? Oh， Im already going out，Im afraid.A.what a pity! B.dont ask!C.how come? D.so what?答案A解析 句意为：星期六你能来参加聚会吗，彼得？噢，真遗憾！(到时候)恐怕我已经出去了。what a pity真遗憾；dont ask别问了；how come怎么会；so what那又怎样。根据句意可知，这里指可能参加不了聚会，因此此处表示“遗憾”，故选A。考点归纳(一)接受/拒绝请求或邀请1.接受请求或邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure；Id be happy/glad to；Id love to；No problem；Good idea；That would be nice；By all means等。2.拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but.；Id rather you.；Thank you，but.；Id love to，but.；Its very nice of you，but.等。(二)同意和不同意表示“同意”的常用语表示“不同意”的常用语1.No problem.没问题。2.Thats true/right.正确。/就是那样。3.Thats a good idea./What a good idea！真是好主意。4.Excellent！/Thats fine./好极了。5.All right./OK.行。6.I totally agree./I couldnt agree with you more.我完全同意。7.Of course！当然可以！8.Its up to you.由你定。1.No，I dont think so.不，我觉得不是这样。2.Do you think so? 你这样认为吗？3.No way.绝不可能/没门。4.Im afraid I really cant agree with you.恐怕我真的不敢苟同你的观点。5.It is not proper for you to say so.你这样说是不合适的。6.I cant agree with everything youve said.我不完全同意你的观点。7.It depends.看情况而定。8.I beg to differ.恕我不能同意。(三)表示劝告、建议或征求对方意见1.表示劝告的句型：(1)Youd better(not).最好(不)(2)You should/ought to.你应该(3)You need (to).你需要(4)I suggest that.我建议2.表示建议的常用句型：(1)Shall we.我们，好吗？(2)Lets.咱们吧。(3)What/How about.？怎么样？(4)Why not.？为什么不呢？(5)Why dont you.？你为什么不呢？3.接受劝告或建议的应答语：(1)Thats all right.好的。(2)All right./Yes，please.是的。(3)Certainly.当然。4.不接受劝告或建议的应答语：(1)Im sorry，but.很抱歉，但是(2)Im afraid that.我恐怕(3)Id like/love to，but.我想去，但是 (四)表示遗憾、同情1.Please accept my deep sympathy.请接受我深切的慰问。2.You must be disappointed.你一定很失望。3.You must be feeling very sad.你一定感觉很难过。4.It must be hard for you.你一定非常难受。5.Oh，thats such hard luck！哦，运气真是不好！6.Bad luck! 倒霉！不走运！7.What a pity/shame! 多么可惜！ 8.Its regrettable that.令人遗憾的是9.Its unfortunate that.不幸的是考点2俗语谚语Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.Lack of self-confidence is his ，I am afraid.A.Achilles heel B.childs playC.green fingers D.last straw答案A解析句意为：杰克还是不由自主地担心他的工作面试。恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。Achilles heel唯一致命的弱点；childs play容易干的事；green fingers园艺能手；last straw救命稻草。所以选择A。考点归纳谚语和俗语1.More haste，less speed.欲速则不达。2.A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。3.Constant dripping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。4.Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。5.Lost time is never found again.时不再来。6.Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。7.Its never too late to mend.改过迁善从不嫌晚(亡羊补牢，未为迟也)。8.An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。9.A roaring lion kills no game.空谈不如行动。10.To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不进则退。11.An idle youth，a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。12.Every minute counts.分秒必争。13.A good beginning makes a good ending.善始才有善终。14.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。15.Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。16.A rising tide lifts all boats.水涨众船高。17.Many hands make light work.众人搭柴火焰高。18.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。19.An old pan is the one that makes good food.姜还是老的辣。20.Cheerful company shortens the miles旅有好旅伴，不觉行程远。21.Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。22.A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠总怪工具差。23.The best fish are/swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到)。24.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作/学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。25.You may take a horse to the water，but you cannot make him drink.领马河边易，逼马饮水难(不要逼人做不愿做的事)。26.All that dogs bark at are not thieves./All are not thieves that dogs bark at.狗吠者未必是贼(勿以貌取人)。27.It is a good horse that never stumbles，and a good wife that never grumbles.良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。28.Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石(自己有弱点，勿揭他人短)。29.Nothing brave，nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。30.Where there is life，there is hope.有生命就有希望(留得青山在，不怕没柴烧)。31.A fall into the pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。32.An eye for an eye，a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。33.Once bitten，twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(一次上当，下次小心)。34.Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。35.As the tree，so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。36.He that corrects not small faults will not control great ones.小错不纠，大错难控。37.Where theres smoke，theres fire.无风不起浪。38.If at first you dont succeed，try，try，try again.再接再厉，终会成功。39.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。40.East or west，home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。41.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。42.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。43.You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。44.A little pot is soon hot.量小易怒。45.Forgive and forget.既往不咎。46.The world is your oyster.你可随心所欲了。47.It really costs me an arm and a leg.真太贵了。48.It really gets on my nerves.心神不宁。49.It beats my brains out.绞尽脑汁。50.It pulls my legs.开玩笑，愚弄我。51.be the apple of ones eye掌上明珠52.have their feet of clay有弱点53.be in the red有债务，赤字54.be green with envy羡慕，嫉妒55.kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎/款待56.have egg on your face丢脸57.wash your hands off撒手不管58.get down off your high horse别摆架子，省省吧59.a Jekyll and Hyde existence过双重人格的生活60.give sb. a cold shoulder对某人很不屑(没有好脸色)，让某人吃闭门羹61.a wet blanket扫兴的人或物62.a green finger园艺能手63.a black sheep害群之马64.a fat cat有钱有势的人65.a bad apple坏人66.a hard/tough nut难对付的人67.an early bird早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)68.a lucky dog幸运儿69.a piece of cake小菜一碟，易事一件70.childs play小儿科、轻而易举71.as easy as pie小事一桩72.a cup of tea小意思73.a hard nut to crack很棘手的事情74.a David and Goliath battle强弱悬殊，以弱战强75.a Pandoras box潘多拉的盒子(比喻造成灾害的根源)1.Say，Jenny，will you come with me to the party on Friday? ，Peter，but I promised Alice Id go with her.(2018和平区一模)A.My pleasure B.ThanksC.Take it easy D.Forget it答案B解析对于别人的邀请，即使委婉拒绝，也应表示感谢(Thanks)，然后用but来陈述理由。My pleasure相当于Its my pleasure，用于回答对方的感谢；Take it easy别着急，慢慢来；Forget it算了吧，别再提了，常用于回答别人的感谢和道歉。2.It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.Thats right. .(2017河北区二模)A.Many hands make light workB.Something is better than nothingC.The more，the betterD.The sooner begun，the sooner done答案A解析句意为：如果我们都自愿帮忙的话，聚会结束后不需要多长时间就可以收拾干净。对。人多力量大。Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高，人多力量大；Something is better than nothing有总比没有好；The more，the better越多越好；The sooner begun，the sooner done越早开始，越早完成。3.Im going back to see my parents in America. .(2018河西区二模)A.See you laterB.Its very nice of youC.Say goodbye to themD.Give my best wishes to them答案D解析See you later.再见；Its very nice of you.你真是太好了；Say goodbye to them.向他们道别；Give my best wishes to them.向他们致以最好的祝愿。通过句意可知D选项这个回答符合西方人的表达习惯。4.Peter，you seem in high spirits. I have been offered a part-time job in the KFC.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模)A.So what? B.No wonder.C.No doubt. D.Guess what?答案D解析句意为：彼得，你似乎情绪高涨。你猜怎么着？我得到了一份肯德基的兼职工作。Guess what？你猜怎么着？符合句意。So what？那又怎么样？No wonder难怪；No doubt毫无疑问。5.I feel so upset.Im afraid Ill be fired for the terrible economic crisis. ！Things are not so bad as they seem.(2017红桥区二模)A.Go ahead B.Good luckC.No problem D.Cheer up答案D解析句意为：我感到很沮丧。我担心我会因为这次严重的经济危机而被解雇。振作起来！事情并不像看上去那么糟糕。Cheer up振作起来，符合句意。Go ahead说吧，做吧，开始吧，进行吧；Good luck祝您好运；No problem没问题。 6.Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes? ，but I hope “a few minutes” wont turn into an hour.(2017河北区二模)A.It doesnt matter B.Thats kind of youC.Im afraid not D.I guess so答案D解析句意为：露西，请你给我抽出几分钟时间好吗？我想可以，但我希望“几分钟”不会变成一个小时。从设空后的but可知，答语同意说话者的要求。故选D。I guess so我想可以，应该可以，符合语境。It doesnt matter没关系，用于回答别人的道歉；Thats kind of you你真是太好了；Im afraid not恐怕不行，表示委婉的拒绝。7.Do remember to take this medicine three times a day with warm boiled water. .(2018南开区二模)A.Heard it B.Take itC.Got it D.Make it答案C解析Heard it听到了；Take it拿着；Got it我知道了，我明白了；Make it成功了。根据语境是明白对方说的话。8.Lets go and have dinner this evening. Have you come out first in the exam？(2018天津十二区县一模)A.Thanks a lot. B.Why not?C.What for? D.Yes，Id like to.答案C解析Thanks a lot.多谢；Why not？为什么不？What for？为什么？为何目的？Id like to我愿意去。结合语境“Have you come out first in the exam？”可知，此处表示“为什么呢？”。9.It took me eight years to build up my business，and it almost killed me.Well，you know what they say. .(2017天津十二所重点中学二模)A.There is no smoke without fireB.No pain，no gainC.All roads lead to RomeD.Practice makes perfect答案B解析句意为：我花了八年的时间才建立了我的公司，它几乎要了我的命了。哦，老话怎么说来着。不劳则无获。No pain，no gain不劳则无获，符合句意。There is no smoke without fire无火不生烟，无风不起浪；All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马，殊途同归；Practice makes perfect熟能生巧。10.Can I have a day off tomorrow? I need to visit my grandma in the hospital. .I can manage without you.(2018河东区二模)A.Forget it B.Of courseC.It depends D.Im afraid not答案B解析Forget it算了；Of course当然；It depends视情况而定；Im afraid not我恐怕不行。根据答句中的“I can manage without you”可知，没有你在，我也可以做好的，所以赞同对方请假一天(看望一下住院的奶奶)，即“(你请假一天)当然可以”，因此B项符合语境。专题强化练(五).单项填空1.I will fix your radio this evening，but you have to help me with my homework. (2018天津部分区县二模)A.So what? B.What for?C.No hurry. D.Its a deal.答案D解析句意为：今天晚上我会修好你的收音机，但是你必须帮我做作业。好，就这么办吧。Its a deal是口语中的固定用法，意为“好，就这么办吧；这样就行了；好吧”，符合语境。So what？那又怎么样？What for？为什么？No hurry.别忙。2.Mum，do you mind if I invite some friends to my birthday party? .It will be more interesting.(2018河北区二模)A.By no means B.Yes，of courseC.Dont worry D.No doubt答案A解析By no means决不；Yes，of course是的，当然；Dont worry不要担心；No doubt不用怀疑。根据句意，A项正确。3.Oh，you sound just like a native. ，I still have trouble expressing myself.(2018和平区一模)A.I dont careB.I couldnt agree moreC.Well，not quiteD.As you wish答案C解析I dont care我不在乎；I couldnt agree more我完全同意；Well，not quite嗯，不完全是；As you wish如你所愿，随你便。句意为：哦，你听起来像本地人。嗯，不完全是，我在表达自我方面仍然有困难。4.This free gift doesnt look good. ，madam，but if you want good quality，you have to pay for it.(2017和平区一模)A.No doubt B.No offenseC.No problem D.No way答案B解析句意为：这件免费的礼物看着不怎么样。无意冒犯，女士，但如果您想要质量好的东西，你必须要付钱。No offense无意冒犯，符合句意。No doubt无疑；No problem没问题；No way没门儿。5.So you missed the football match held yesterday. .I got there 20 minutes before the end of it.(2018天津一中4月考)A.Not exactly B.Not likelyC.Not a little D.Not at all答案A解析Not exactly不完全是这样；Not likely不可能；Not a little许多；Not at all一点也不，根本不。句意为：那么你错过了昨天举行的足球赛。不完全是，我在结束前20分钟到达那里。6.I passed the driving test in the end! Your efforts have paid off.(2018天津部分区县二模)A.How come? B.You deserve it!C.Guess what? D.Good luck!答案B解析句意为：我终于通过了驾驶考试！这是你应得的！你的努力得到了回报。根据下句“Your efforts have paid off.(你的努力得到了回报。)”可知，此处应是“You deserve it！(这是你应得的！)”How come？怎么会这样？Guess what？你猜怎么着？Good luck！祝你好运！都不符合语境。7.Excuse me，Miss，but may I share your table?Of course. .(2017和平区一模)A.Not at all B.Be my guestC.As you wish D.I dont mind答案B解析句意为：打扰了，小姐，我可以和你共用一张桌子吗？当然。请(自)便。Be my guest请(自)便。8.I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow. .(2018河东区一模)A.I really envy you B.Glad to hear thatC.Sounds great D.Take it easy答案D解析I really envy you我真的很嫉妒你；Glad to hear that很高兴听到这些；Sounds great听起来很不错；Take it easy别着急，慢慢来。根据上文“I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.”可知，对方因为要参加明天的全国英语演讲比赛而感到紧张，所以说话者要安慰对方，让对方放松下来。9.Im sorry for what I have done to you. .(2018天津十二区县二模)A.Of course notB.Lets forget itC.No，nothing muchD.You bet答案B解析Of course not当然不；Lets forget it让我们忘掉它吧，算了吧；No，nothing much不，没什么了不起/没什么事；You bet当然，一言为定。句意为：我为我对你所做的事感到抱歉。让我们忘掉它吧。10.Can I really get an iPhoneX as a reward if I win the race?Absolutely！ .(2018南开区一模)A.It all depends B.Youve got me thereC.You bet D.So will you答案C解析It all depends视情况而定；Youve got me there我也不太清楚，你难倒我了；You bet真的，的确；So will you你也会。结合语境及句意可知此处表达肯定的意思(真的，