高考复习定语从句.doc

专题12 单项选择 （定语从句）直击考纲1、掌握关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句。2、重点是限定性定语从句热点综观1、知识图谱 that/ which/ who/ whom/ whose 等 限定性 关系代词引导 when/ where/ why等关系副词引导 介词 + which引导 which引导非限定性 as引导 when/ where/ who等引导2、重点难点 正确判断使用关系代词和关系副词。 表示所有格的whose和of which之间的转换。 只能用that引导不能用which引导的定语从句以及只能用which不用that引导的定语从句的特点。 “介词 + which”引导的定语从句及其与关系副词引导的定语从句之间的转换。 as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别。 as引导的定语从句的常见句型。 定语从句中谓语动词的数。 限定性和非限定性定语从句的含义、结构差别。 定语从句和其他易混淆句型的区别使用。3、热点冷点 关系代词前介词的使用。 关系代词which和代词it的使用区别。 定语从句和状语从句的区别，关系代词和关系副词的使用区别。 定语从句和名词性从句之间（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）的区别。 正确判断强调句中的定语从句，此类题目出现较少，应该加以注意。经典与原创例1 （2005辽宁高考）I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a sign onto one of the trees. A. which B. when C. where D. that互动 本题考查在正确判断句子类型的情况下选择正确的引导词。B项的干扰性较强。如果选B，那么本题是个时间状语从句，但主句谓语walk是个延续性动词，也该用进行时才对。而从下文的one of the trees意在提醒考生动作发生的地点，因此选where更符合题意。这是个非限定性定语从句。答案C小结 对于关系代词或关系副词的选择,要注意先行词的性质及其修饰语和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的作用，特别要注意定语从句中谓语动词的特点，如果是及物动词，引导词作宾语，如果是不及物动词，引导词多作状语。也要注意从句的限制性与非限制性的差别。还要注意谓语动词是否及物。另外,定语从句中不能重复出现引导词所代替的部分,这一点也很重要。例2 Was it in the library _ he often went to do some reading _ he met the pretty girl? A. that; thatB. where; where C. where; thatD. that; where互动 考查相似句型的区别用法。本题强调句型It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，关键在于本题题干中出现两个空格，切忌题目尚未读完就下定论，仔细审题会发现library后面是个定语从句，由关系副词where引导，第二空才是强调句中的that，本句意思是“他是不是在常去读书的图书馆里遇上那个漂亮女孩的？”答案C小结要注意定语从句和几个句型的区别：1、定语从句和强调句型的结构差别。2、定语从句和同位语从句含义上的差别。3、定语从句和状语从句结构上的差别。4、定语从句和作后置定语的非谓语动词之间的互相转换。高考面对面1. In English, words are not always spelled _ they sound. A. just sameB. the same as C. the way D. by the way2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous? A. itsB. itsC. whoseD. which3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. ItB. As C. That D. What4. Im lucky enough to find the same knife _ I lost yesterday. A. which B. whatC. likeD. as5. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grewB. they grew once C. that once grewD. once grew6. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. untilB. that C. when D. where7. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. A. while B. thatC. when D. as8. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when9. - Is that the small town you often refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.（2005福建高考） A. that B. which C. where D. what10. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think isB. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think which is11. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands.（2005湖南高考） A. that B. in which C. by which D. how12. That was the only gate _ we could rush out and save those _ were in great danger. A. that; which B. which; who C. through which; who D. at which; who13. Carl said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. itB. thatC. whenD. which14. The school themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.（2005江西高考） A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which15. He said _ his sister had passed the entrance examination of college, and _ she would go to college in about 20 days. A. that; / B. that; that C. /; / D. that; which16. This “designer” salmon（鲑）grows to a marketable size in _ natural salmons grow. A. the half time B. half the time C. the time half D. half time the17. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. whereB. whenC. which D. who18. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country _ the First World. A. Which; belonged toB. As; belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It, belonging to19. This is the third time _ here. A. I had been B. I was C. I have been D. I will be20. These ancient Indians used to live in _ is now a part of the United States. A. where B. the place C. which D. what21. Is there a gas station around _ I can get some petrol? A. which B. what C. where D. that22. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.（2005全国高考） A. of them B. from whom C. who of D. of whom23. The captain stood by the window, _ he could see the top of the tower. A. where B. from which C. from where D. which24. “Keep ones word” means you do _ you have told someone _ you would do. A. that; that B. that; what C. what; thatD. what; what25. The cost of sales makes up a large part of the prices that _. A. are paid for all products B. all products are paid C. for which all products are paid D. for all products paid26. - Is it high time that we _ on the school building? - Yes, it _. A. do some repairs; isB. do some repair; is C. did some repairs; isD. did some repair; was27. This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples yesterday. A. thatB. by which C. whichD. with which28. There are two small rooms in the house, _ serves as a kitchen A. the smaller of whichB. the smallest of which C. the smaller of themD. the smaller one29. Is this watch _ you wish to have _? A. the one; it repairedB. that; repaired it C. the one; repairedD. which; repaired it30. I want to buy a piano of high quality, _ I can practise on every afternoon. A. that B. so that C. what D. one31. He is my father, _ a better father does not exist.A. but B. than whom C. than who D. against whom 32. _, the weather turned out to be very hot that day.A. It was said in the newspaperB. As was reported on the radio C. Just like the weather report says D. It so happened as you told me 33. The play went along well until the middle of Act , _ the excitement began. A. so B. but C. when D. which34. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world. A. it is B. as is C. there is D. what is35. _ could be judged from what he had said, he felt terribly sorry for what he had done. A. Which B. That C. As D. It36. A most funny film _ Ive ever seen is “Modern times”. A. what B. which C. / D. B and C37. The police officer bought a new house _ face south. A. the windows of which B. which windows C. whose of he windows D. their windows38. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. which B. who C. that D. it39. On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont, _ I noticed a young man holding up a sign _ “Boston”. A. where; reading B. when; reading C. where; to read D. when; to read40. My brother is always making good use of the time _ he can spare. A. when B. in which C. while D. that 41. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. as B. that C. which D. whose42. You will have to wait for one more week, _ the manager will be back from his trip. A. after B. while C. when D. since43. Ms. Claire is a strict but kind teacher, _ who, usually, _ her students. A. ones; are liked by B. one; are liked by C. ones; is popular among D. one; is popular with44. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. that C. to which D. to where45. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _ getting water is not the least. A. for which B. to which C. of which D. in which46. The best job is _ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. something B. the one C. one D. it47. - Why does she always ask you for help? - There is no one else _, is there?（2005北京高考） A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn48. Mr. Green drove slowly on the way home until he reached the high way, _ the speed limit was 60 miles per hour. A. because B. which C. where D. that49. Now children like to go to the fast food restaurant, _ as the name says, eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. that C. what D. where50. The phrase “ to each his own ” means every person has something they especially like _ may be different from anyone else. A. who B. which C. whether D. what51. Mark was a student at this university form 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.（2005重庆高考） A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time52. This was the day, I think _ Ill never forget in my life. A. the one B. when C. on which D. in which53. Chaplin, for _ life had once been very hard, directed a film about life in an American factory. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which54. Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet _ different types of courses are supplied. A. that B. which C. where D. whose55. They were the Boy Scouts _ to help elderly people cross the streets. A. whose was the work B. to whom was the work C. it was whose work D. whose work was56. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.（2005 天津高考） A. that B. whose C. those D. what57. - Have you read the books? - Yes. Ive read all the books _ you gave me, because they are the best ones _ I have ever read. A. which; that B. that; that C. what; which D. who; what58. The hard-working peasants and their happy life _ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us. A. / B. who C. which D. whom59. The result is not the same _ they had expected, _ was rather disappointing. A. which; as B. as; that C. that; which D. as; which高考猜想60. Is this hotel _ offered you a job _ you stayed the first time you arrived here? A. which; where B. the one; in which C. where; that D. the one that; where专题 12 单项选择 定语从句1-5. CCBDC 6-10. CBDCA 11-15. CCDCB 16-20. BDCCD 21-25. CBCCA 26-30. CAACD31-35. BBCCC 36-40. DAAAD 41-45.ACDCC 46-50.CACDB 51-55. AAACD 56-60. BBADA1. 考查the way后面的定语从句。A项不可以连从句，B项意义不对，D项中的介词用错，“以方式”要用介词in。the way/the time/the moment接定语从句时，前面的介词和后面的连词常省略。但the way作先行词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导定语从句的可以用that/ in which，但最好是什么也不用。如：The students, surprised at the way the question was asked, didnt know how to answer it.What is the way George thought of to get enough money to buy the computer?2. 考查正确理解句意的能力。仔细审题是关键，切忌盲目答题。许多考生一看到“Titanic”就认为这个先行词就是定语从句的主语，选了D，其实看完全句就可以知道后半句意思是“其中的男主角世界闻名”，应该用whose来引导定语从句，且在从句中做定语。whose引导定语从句相当于“of which + the +名词”或“the + 名词 + of which”，如：whose leading actor = the leading actor of which = of which the leading actor。3. 本题考查几个易混淆的句型。审题后先判断句子的结构，这应该是个定语从句，而且是as引导的一些惯用表达方式“正如人人所知道的那样”，可以改写成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.或What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.注意这两个句型特点，就可排除A、D两项，至于C中的that一般在从句中不充当成分，只起引导作用，当然不符合本题。as在非限定性定语从句中意思是“正如”，常与see, know, expect, say, mention, report等连用，或用于一些固定搭配，如the same as，such as等。4. 考查as引导的非定语从句的特殊句型。题干中的I lost yesterday是解题的关键，可以排除C，因为like不能连接句子，其次应该考虑the sameas结构，表示“我找到了跟昨天丢失的一样小刀”，是个定语从句的结构。如果表示正是提到的事物，可以用the samethat结构。如：Im lucky enough to find the same knife that I lost yesterday.我幸运的找到了昨天丢失的钢笔。5. 考查定语从句的关系词的用法。分析句意和句子结构可知those之后是个定语从句，those相当于those flowers，是先行词，因为是生长在森林里的（野）花，grew和关系代词之间是主谓关系，因此that不能省。once在此表示“过去曾”，常与过去时连用，还可表示“每次”，引导从句时表示条件，翻译成“一旦”。6. 考查定语从句关系词的选择。难度在于back to me将when所引导的定语从句所修饰的中心词hours隔开了，从句中缺少的是状语，因此选when。当先行词是time时，引导定语从句的关系词可以用that或when，也可以省略，如：I dont know the exact time (when/that) the sports meeting will take place.7. 初学英语的人几乎都知道that表示“那；那个”，但随着进一步学习英语却发现that的含义和用法真是不简单。就拿此题而言，许多考生看了题干后一头雾水。其实，本题考查that引导的同位语从句，从句就是主语information的内容，是information的同位语。那么that作为关系代词引导定语从句或作为连词引导名词性从句时到底怎么用呢？在这方面与which, what等有那些区别呢？当that引导同位语从句时，从句对一个名词（常见的有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等）的内容给予更具体、更详细的表述或说明，属于名词性从句，that引导名词性从句时在从句中不充当句子成分，不能与which互换，也不能省略；而定语从句则是对一个名词进行限定，that必须是从句中的一个成分，许多情况下可以和which互换，做宾语时常省略。如：The news that she was brought was very exciting. “她被带来了”这一消息非常激动人心。（同位语从句）The news that she was brought was very exciting. 她带来的消息激动人心。（定语从句）再如：1. It was only when I reread his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so答案B2. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what答案A8. 考查考生分析句子结构的能力。根据句意“这真是足球迷们一个激动人心的时刻，这时他们的球队几年来第一次赢得了世界杯”，再分析句子的结构，不难看出这是个非限制性的定语从句，关键在于先行词an exciting moment与关系词之间被for these football fans this year隔开了。 the first time作为名词词组还可引导时间状语从句，中间不加that，类似的有the second time, next time, last time, the moment等，如：He understood the meaning of the poem the second time he read it.He rushed out the moment he heard the noise.9. 考查学生分析复合句结构的能力。本题关键在于句子结构的分析。首先排除A、B，因为介词+关系词只能引导定语从句，而本题不是定语从句，Make a mark是个完整的句子，其后的句子成分是个地点状语，“在你有疑问的地方”，a mark不是先行词，用where引导地点状语从句。要注意定语从句与其他句型（如状语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、强调句等）的区别。10. 本题考查定语从句中的插入语现象。这是个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词which在从句中作主语，指代the discovery，因此从句中不再需要it，解此题的关键是I think作为插入语，应放在which/what/where/how等之后，可将其去掉，不影响句子的含义和结构。 双重疑问句中使用陈述语序，如：Who do you think will win the game?Where do you think I can find a job?What do you think he will say at the meeting?When do you think they will start?注意此时一般不把do you think放在句首。11. 考查对句子含义和结构的理解。分析句子的结构是解题的关键。题干中的do about it相当于do with it，而do是个及物动词，后面需要跟宾语，do something about it，“对此做些什么”，因此可排除A、B，至于D，尽管that是个代词，但它一般做关系代词引导定语从句，所以只有what在结构和含义上都合适。do with sth.常与what连用，因为what做及物动词do的宾语，而deal with sth.常与how连用，因为deal不及物，没有宾语，如：I dont know what to do with this matter. = I dont know how to deal with this matter.12. 考查介词+关系代词的用法。本句意思是“这是唯一一扇通过它我们能冲出去的门，救那些处境极其危险的人”。 在确定关系代词which前面的介词时，可以参考以下规则：（1）依据定语从句中的动词的某种习惯搭配确定 Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money. 史密斯先生买了一幢房子，他把所有的钱都花在房子上了。 （2）依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定 There was no way in which it could be brought back to the earth. 没有办法可以把它带回地面。 （3）根据所表达的意思确定 The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen. 医生用来救护病人的气体叫氧气。 The gas in which fire can burn much better is called oxygen. 有助于火势燃烧的气体叫氧气。 注意：当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语时，不可把短语拆开，即介词不能前移。 Those are the children whom Aunt Li is looking after. The house which you are looking for is at the other end of the street.1. The audience, _ were students, enjoyed the performance. A. most of whoB. the most of whomC. most of whichD. the most of which2. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /答案：C，B13. 考查非限定性定语从句。分析题干的句子成分可知本题考查非限定性定语从句的用法,因此先排除A、B两个选项，再根据定语从句的意思“对此我个人表示相当的怀疑”，可以看出先行词并非October，先行词应该是Carl所说的话，因此要用关系代词which。personally还可以放在句首表示“就我个人看来”，如: Personally, I dont like this painting. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，是不可缺少的修饰成分，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，因此从句与主句的关系很密切，不能用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句对先行词作补充说明，如果去掉，句子的意思依然清楚，主句也能独立存在，从句与主句的关系比较松散，要用逗号隔开。试比较：Im sure I know the person who served us. 我确信我认识那个招待我们的人。（明确指出是哪个人）Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant. 汤姆招待我们，他是饭店的老板。（重点是说明Tom的身份，招待我们只是补充说明，不需要限定是哪个Tom）The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 住在隔壁的那个妇女是个医生。（明确限定是哪个妇女）The woman, who lives next door, is a doctor. 那个妇女是个医生，住在隔壁。（重点是说明那个妇女的身份，住在隔壁只是补充说明，说话双方都明白是哪个妇女，不需要限定）限定性定语从句中，引导词who/which/tht做宾语时常可省略 非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，引导词who/which即使做宾语也不能省略在非限定从句中有时没有先行词，这时从句修饰整个主句。如：He came back safely, which delighted all of us. 他安全地回来了，这使我们都很高兴。The sports meet was put off, which was what we had expected. 运动会延期了，这是我们所预料的。 使用非限定性定语从句的情况当先行词为专有名词时，专有名词本身具有特殊性，无需再加限定，如：Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly. 深圳位于中国的南方，正在迅速地发展。In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he began to learn Russian. 十九世纪七十年代，当马克思已经五十多岁时，他开始学俄语。非限定性定语从句的先行词是某些人或事中的一个，但非限定性定语从句的先行词则表示唯一的一个，如：Her room has a window which faces south. 他的房间有扇朝南的窗户。（暗指不止一扇窗）Her room has a window, which faces south. 他的房间有一扇窗，是朝南的。（只有一扇窗）当先行词是表示类属意义，即表示动物、事物或人时，常用非限定性的定语从句，如：A sheep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses. 羊是一种动物，它的毛有许多用途。Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world. 足球是项有趣的运动，现在许多国家都在踢。当关系代词which/as指代前面的整个句子时，定语从句是非限制性的，如：He said he had done the work, which I did not believe. 他说已经完成任务，我不信。He opposed the idea, as we had expected. 他反对这个主意，正如我们预料。“名词/代词/数词+ of + which/whom”结构所引导的定语从句是非限定性的，如：I have many friends, some of whom are painters. 我有许多朋友，其中一些是画家。Last Sunday I bought some books, three of which were English novels. 上星期日我买了些书，其中三本是英文小说。14. 考查介词+which引导非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知是定语从句，而且是个非限定性的定语从句，因为有逗号跟主句隔开，因此先可排除D，然后从句子的意思“我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了，没有它我什么也看不见”，从句部分改成陈述句是I could see nothing without my glasses，显然用介词without + which。介词+which中的介词还可以根据定语从句中动词的搭配或先行词与介词的搭配来确定，详见12题解释。15. 考查宾语从句中关系的省略问题。本题考查宾语从句。一般来说陈述句做宾语从句时由that来引导，而且常可省略，但当宾语从句不止一个时是不能省的。多个that引导定语从句时，第一个作宾语的that可以省，但后面的that不可以省，that引导定语从句也是如此。16. 本题考查语序和句子结构问题。time为定语从句natural salmons grow的先行词，应置于定语从句之前；当名词前有half, all, both, doub