英美概况复习资料.doc

Material for Review of the Introduction to the UK and USAI .Translate the following terms into English or Chinese:91. boarder2. Utopia3. civil servants4. Doomsday Book5. Gettysburg Address6. Louisiana Purchase7. compulsory full-time education8. House of Lancaster9. Roundheads10. the British Isles11. infants school12. Thomas Robert Malthus 13. bylaw 14. the divine right of kings 15. American Civil War 16. Boeing Aircraft Company 17. boarding school 18. Tudor Monarchy 19. Rump Parliament 20. Lowland Britain 21. the Great Central Plain22. eleven plus23. lions share24. European Community25. Dark Ages26. Proclamation of Emancipation27. Eton College28. Pilgrimage29. Diggers30. Highland Britain1. 最高法院2. 宪章运动3. 保守党4. 珍珠港5. 大陆会议6. 洛迦诺公约7. 异教徒8. 火药阴谋9. 保皇派10.-格林威治皇家天文台11. 阿拉斯加12. 人民宪章13. 工党14. 冷战15. 独立宣言. 16. 就业法17. 三年法18. 短期议会19. 议会派20. 英伦三岛21. 夏威夷22. 光荣的孤立23. 服务业第三产业)24. 国务卿25. 自由之子26. 工会法27. 大抗议书28. 残余议会29. 威廉一世30. 君主立宪II. Choose the best answer from a, b, c and d:1. The name Great Britain was not applied to this large island until the_century. a.13th b.15th c.17th d.18th2. The state church，that is，Church of England is said_in nature.a. Catholic b. Anglican c. Protestant d. Presbyterian3. Which of the following statements can best describe King John (1199-1216)?a. He had a bad reputation before he was crowned，and he quarreled with the Pope over the appointment of the archbishop of Canterbury.b. Warfare with France resulted in the loss of most of Englands holdings in France, so he got the nickname John Lackland.c. both a and b d. none of the above4. Christianity，one of the great world religions，regarded as having been founded by_, in the first century A.D. ，has two textbooks: the Old and New Testaments.a. Mohammed b. Gautama c. Jesus Christ d. Pope5. Which of the following is the founder of modern nursing?a. Richard Arkwright b. William Gladstone c. Florence Nightingale d. Charles Darwin6. According to the textbook, which of the following statements is included in the American dream?a. Those who work hard can become rich overnight. b. Equal chance for everyone.c. Equal pay for all those who work hard. d. freedom of speech.7. Which of the following is not included in the 13 colonies?a. South Carolina, North Carolina, Rhode Island b. Delaware, New Hampshire, Pennsylvaniac. Maryland, Connecticut, New Jersey d. Massachusetts, Virginia, Georgia8. Large numbers of frontiersmen moved westward, the Majority of them_.a. traveled by steamboats b. traveled along rugged roads, driving their wagonsc. travel by cars d. went on rafts9. With_came World War II and the US ，at first only a source of arms，in 1941，after the Japanese attackon Pearl Harbor，joined the _ join in crushing the_powers.a.1940 ，Axis ，Allies b.1939, Axis, Allies c. 1940 ，Allies ，Axis d. 1939, Allies, Axis10. The executive branch of the government is headed by_, elected with the Vice-President in national elections at_intervals.a. Congress, 6-year b. the President, 4-year c. the Supreme Court, 4-year d. the President, 5-year11. Which of the following is the most important river in England?a. the Severn b. the Thames c. the Trent d. the Great Ouse12. Which of the following is the earliest natives in Britain? a. Romans b. Celts c. Jutes d. Anglo-Saxons13. Which of the following statements is true of the English Lollards? a. Followers of Wycliffe, Oxford reformers, and they demanded reformation of the church b. They became absorbed into the Protestant movement in the 16th century c. both a and b d. none of the above14. Britains cotton textile industry developed rapidly by the_century. a. 19th b. 18th c. 16th d. 17th15. Which of the following is not a title of the English nobility? a. duke b. earl c. viscount d. knight16. Which of the following is a national holiday observed on the 4th Thursday in November in the US? It was first celebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers. a. Independence Day b. Mothers Day c. Thanksgiving Day d. Memorial Day17. Which of the following is the historic core of the US, and the area of original settlement, and are today one of the centers of population and industry? a. Middle Atlantic states b. Middle West c. New England d. Southern states18. The_branch of the government is headed by the president, elected with the Vice-president in national elections at_intervals. a. legislative, 6-years b. executive, 4-year c. judiciary, 4-year d. executive, 5-year19. The Seven Years War broke out in 1756 was a war between France and _. a. Indian b. Britain c. Italy d. America20. The most prestigious universities in the US are_, _and_. a. Harvard in New Jersey, Yale in Cambridge, Princeton in New Haven b. Harvard in Cambridge, Yale in New Haven, Princeton in New Jerseyc. Harvard in New Haven, Yale in Cambridge, Princeton in New Yorkd. Yale in New Haven, Harvard in New York, Colombia in Cambridge21. Which of the following is the smallest both in area and population of the island of Great Britain?a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Ireland 22. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of the British peoples conservation?a. They are reluctant to join free talk.b. They often refuse to make sudden change, and are easily cling to what is traditional and familiar.c. Their old currency did not become decimal until 1971d. Old buildings are considered as a glorious place for office.23. Which of the following statements is not true of Henry IIs reform of the law?a. He arranged the circuits of judges throughout the country.b. The judges gave their main attention to investigating the barons property and abuse of privileges.c. No one was to be tried without the accusation by the juries.d. The petty juries practiced trial by ordeal.24. Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of Elizabeth I ?a. She is the daughter of Henry VIII by his second wife Anne Boleyn.b. She encouraged English adventurers to make explorations in America and Africa.c. She wanted to marry one of the French kings brothers.d. She was the foundation-layer of the English Empire which was going to take shape.25. The area of the so-called sun-never-setting empire was about_times as large as Great Britain. a. 135 b. 110 c. 100 d. 9026. Declaration of Independence was drawn up and adopted by_ the Second Continental Congress at_and officially passed on July 4, 1776. a. Boston b. Philadelphia c. New York d. Washington, D. C.27. Which of the following is the region where tobacco, rice and cotton are the chief crops ?a. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware b. Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolinac. Texas, Oklahoma d. California, Oregon, Washington28. The_branch consists of Congress, an_body which comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives.a. legislative, appointed b. executive, appointedc. legislative, elected d. executive, elected29. The first Continental Congress convened in_ was in session from September 5 to October 26, _.a. Philadelphia, 1774 b. Boston, 1774c. New York, 1776 d. Philadelphia, 177630. In the U. S. the best elementary and high schools are _.a. private boarding schools b. public schoolsc. grammar schools d. secondary modern schools1. 美国的五大湖汇经_河注入大西洋。 a. .哈得逊 b. 密西西比 c. 圣劳伦斯 d. 俄亥俄2. 1859 年美国爆发了由_领导的黑人和白人的起义。 a. 谢司 b. 约翰布朗 c. 潘恩、d. 泰勒3. 在纽约市中心东河西岸有座四十层高的建筑物，外形就像竖立着的火柴盒，那就是_。a. 帝国大厦 b. 世界贸易中心大厦 c. 联合国总部 d. 国立美术馆4. 对老企业进行一次电子心脏移植，是美国工业发展策略之一，它是指_。a. 剌激投资 b. 重视经营管理 c. 加强传统产业的技术改造 d. 发展高科技产业5. 根据_，每个成年公民只要缴付十美元的证件费就可领到西部160英亩的土地。a. 解放黑奴宣言 b. 葛底斯堡演说 c. 宅地法 d. 人身自由法6. 在大不列颠岛的三个部分中，英格兰占全岛面积的_。 a. 50 b. 60 c. 30 d.707. 1943 年2月2 日在_中歼灭了被包围的德军25 万人，这是第二次世界大战的转折点。a. 斯大林格勒会战 b. 攻克柏林 c. 诺曼底登陆 d. 偷袭珍珠港8. 英国资产阶级革命发展的顶点是_。a. 废除上议院和王权 b. 处决查理一世 c. 建立共和国 d. 第二次内战的结束 9. 在1164 年通过的克拉伦登约章的实质是_。a. 扩大教会法庭的权力 b. 明确数会的权限 c. 限制教会法庭的权力 d. 限制宗教自由10. 英国议会由_组成。 a. 英王，参院，众院 b. 国王，上下两院 c. 英王，首相，上下两院 d. 上下两院，首相，内阁大臣11. 在美国全国营运的总吨英里中_运输为最大项。 a. 公路 b. 航空 c. 铁路 d. 水路12. 林肯当选总统后， 南部的_于1860年12月20日首先宣布脱离联邦。 a. 南卡罗来纳 b.弗吉尼亚 c. 北卡罗来纳 d. 佐治亚13. 纽约市的黑人居住区是_。 a. 布鲁克林 b. 曼哈顿 c. 布朗克斯 d. 哈莱姆14. 华盛顿于_年在 _就任美国第一任总统。 a. 1776, 费城 b. 1789年, 纽约 c. 1776, 波士顿 d. 1789, 哥伦比亚特区15. 在美国的五大湖中只有_湖属美国，其余均为与加拿大共有。 a. 苏比利尔 b. 休伦 c. 安大略 d. 密执根16. 英国下议院议员由选举产生， 每届任期_年， 任期届满，全部改选。 a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 617. 本世纪50-60年代英国政府奉行_的保证充分就业的政策。 a. 凯恩斯 b. 撒切尔 c. 马尔萨斯 d. 艾顿18. 克伦威尔的护国公制度的实质是_。 a. 垂帘听政 b. 民主政治 c. 封建专制 d. 军事政治19. 亨利二世与教会之间的冲突的结果是_遭杀害。 a. 亨利二世 b.克兰默 c. 托马斯莫尔 d. 托马斯贝克特20. 我们习惯上一直用“英国”称呼整个联合王国， 这并不是因为_。 a.大不列颠的三部分中，英格兰的面积最大 b. 英格兰的人口最多 c. 英格兰是首都伦敦的所在地 d. 英格兰人使用英语 21. 美国的_在1915 年成为一个独立机构，代表政府监督商业企业，防止不公开的竞争和不公平或欺骗性行为。 a. 劳联 b. 产联 c. 联邦贸易委员会 d. 州际商业委员会22. 1865 年4月9日南部_将军率残军向联军的_将军投降。a. 李，格兰特 b. 康华利，格兰特 c. 李，米德 d. 康华利，谢尔曼23. 美国最大的铁路中心是_。 a. 芝加哥 b. 纽约 c. 旧金山 d. 匹兹堡24. 1789 年华盛顿被选为首任总统，并连任至1797年，其后_和_分别任第二和第三任总统。a. 亚当斯，杰斐迁 b. 杰斐逊，亚当斯 c. 亚当斯，麦迪逊 d. 杰斐逊，门罗25. 密西西比河以_河为源，全长6262 公里。a. 密苏里 b. 科罗拉多 c. 俄亥俄 d. 哈得逊26. 凡年满_岁的英国人，有选区2名选民提名和8名选民同意，便可登记为该选区的下议院候选人。a.18 b. 19 c. 20 d. 2127. 本世纪50-60年代英国政府奉行凯恩斯的_的政策。a. 公平稳定的价格 b. 保证充分就业 c. 持续增长 d. 足够的外汇储备28. 1660年查理登上王位，称查理二世 (1630 -1685)， 于是_王朝在英国复辟。a. 斯图亚特 b. 都锋 c. 汉诺威 d. 约克29. 英国国王约翰于1215 年被迫签字接受_。a. 克拉伦登约章 b. 人民宪章 c. 大宪章 d. 大抗议书30. 英国的面积为244 110平方公里，人口为_, 人口密度为每平方公里239人。a. 26 000 000 b. 13 000 000 c. 56 488 000 d. 300 000 000III. True or false statements:1. Britains defense policy is now based on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which has 15 member countries, including the US.2. The Gunpowder Plot took place in 1605, when Elizabeth I was on the throne.3. The accession of Queen Victoria (1837 -1901) opened an era of gradual change which radically changed the face of England and the British Empire.4. One of the features characteristic of the Renaissance is the coinciding of the Renaissance and the Reformation in England.5. In no country. other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day!6. Within 100 days after he moved in the White House，Roosevelt presented to Congress more than 70 bills for approvals，which were generally known as New Deal.7. A network of electrical telegraphy was in operation soon after the Civil War8. When we talk about the New York City，he immediately thinks of its skyscrapers, but few people know that it was the first capital of the country.9. Americans depended on the automobile like no other people. The total mileage traveled by American motorists in one year is about one million million miles.10. In the middle of the 19th century，the people of the US were still predominantly Anglo-Saxon，but evenbefore the flood of non Anglo-Saxon immigrants，the Americans were already far more American than they were British.11. The English weather has helped to make the Englishman adaptable.12. The Tudor monarchy served as the traditional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English history.13. The British monarch is the real head of the Church of England.14. The 16th century was an age of great voyage of discovery by the Europeans.15. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 45 independent countries. Any member state can withdraw from it of its own will.16. The Great Depression began with the Washington stock market crash in October, 1929.17. The advantages of the South were potential rather than actual, so during the first two years the Confederate army suffered repeated setbacks.18. The backbone of the continent refers to the Appalachian Mountains.19. In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountain near San Francisco. So started the famous Gold Rush of the 49ers across the vast，unexplored wilderness that lay east of the Mississippi.20. Most immigrants from Europe now pass through San Francisco. But for immigrants from Asia-Koreans, Philippines，Chinese-the gateway to the US is New York City via Kennedy Airport，not San Francisco.21. The foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!22. It was during the Stuart monarchy that the Renaissance spread into England and reached its height.23. The present ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, and the line of succession includes her son Prince Charles.24. The destruction of the French Armada not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansions.25. The European Community is the worlds largest trading bloc, accounting for about one thirds of Europes trade.26. It was during the Great Depression that Hubert Hoover was elected President of the US.27. Industrialization and mechanization of agriculture were almost completed during the time after the Civil War and the beginning of the First World War.28. Philadelphia is said to be the cradle of American liberty.29. The frontier spirit certainly played a part in putting the first men on the moon，the most recent of all frontiers to be crossed.30. It has been suggested that a pot stew might be a more suitable word than melting pot, for in a stew the meat and vegetable keep their own characteristics, but thanks to the spices and the way it is cooked, the stew has a distinctive flavor of its own.1. 美国的各级学校 (大、中、小学学费昂贵。2. 在五十年代，美国耕地面积的机械化程度就达到百分之百。3. 美国的宇宙城是指佛罗里达州东部的肯尼迪航天中心。4. 洛克菲勒合并了四个最有势力的钢铁集团，于1901年组成美国钢铁公司。5. 美洲大陆的地中海是指美国和加拿大之间的五大湖。6. 19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期，它所侵占的殖民地遍及世界各地，比本土大100余倍。7. 英国的圈地运动是英国工业革命发展的必然结果。8. 查理一世于1215 年被迫签字接受大宪章。9. 英国实行两党制的历史通常从辉格和托利两党成立的1688年算起。10. 按照1983 年英国新的工业分类标准，工业分为制造业和建筑业两个部门。11. 美国法律规定6-16 岁的儿童必须入学。12 美国最著名的汽车公司有通用、福特、罗伊斯等。13 底特律是美国最大的铁路中心。14. 1861-1865 年的南北战争也称美国内战，即一场兄弟之间的战争，亦称美国的第二次革命。15. 美国本土和中国的纬度基本相同，都属于北温带，但美国处于两大洋之间，故两国的气候很不一样。16. 英国工业发展的历史较长，具有相当的经济实力， 19世纪70-80年代英国的工业生产居世界首位。17. 威廉三世和玛丽二世回到英国联合执政，这就是英国历史上的王政复辟。18. 丹麦人入侵不列颠后建立了七个王国，史称七国。19. 英国政府中的部，以外交和国防两部的历史最长。20. 战后英国垄断组织的发展具有国际化，大型化，经营多样化等特点。21. 美国的公立中小学校由政府税收支持，学生免费入学。22. 第二次世界大战结束时，美国的工业生产已超过英、法、德、日四国之和的一倍。23. 休斯敦是得克萨斯州的省府，有石油之都的称号。24. 1859 年美国爆发了丹尼尔谢司领导的黑人和白人起义。25. 美国本土国境线上有两条国际河流:东北与加拿大共有的圣劳伦斯河和西南国境上与墨西哥共有的格朗得河。26. 第二次世界大战后，其他帝国主义迅速崛起，于是号称日不落的大英帝国开始走下坡路，殖民体系逐步瓦解。27. 1688年的光荣革命标志着君主立宪的开始，它为英国封建经济的发展创造了良好的政治条件。28. 艾尔弗雷德大帝的最大成就是司法改革，建立巡回法庭。29. 英国政府各部的设置没有定数，有的政府设15个部，也有的政府设近20个部。30. 国有化和国家垄断资本是两个完全不同的概念。IV. Fill in the blanks:1. _ 在美国金融体系中占主要地位，它包括各州的国民银行以及信托公司。2. 在外交方面，鉴于美国对拉丁美洲有巨额投资，新政从稳定后院出发，对拉丁美洲各国主要采取所谓 “_”3. 北美洲的五大湖是苏必利尔，密执安,_伊利，和_。4. 1845 年的得克萨斯是_的一个省。5. 独立宣言于1776 年7月4 日在_会议上通过。6. _的瓦解导致了英联邦的产生。7. _王朝加强了封建国家机器，加速并最后完成了英国的封建化过程，使封建的生产关系基本确立。8. 19 世纪是_的全盛时代，它所侵占的殖民地遍及世界各地。9. 乌托邦的作者是人文主义者_。10. _又称不列颠，岛的北部是苏格兰，中南部是英格兰，西部是威尔士。11. 爱尔兰岛上有_和爱尔兰共和国。12. 詹姆斯一世(0566-1625) 即位后就面临宗教问题。首先是清教徒提出_”，要求改革英国国教会。13. 英国的交通事业发达，其_队居世界最大之列。14. 亨利二世 (0133-1189) 是安茹王朝的第一个国王，他的纹章以_为图案。15. 大英帝国的瓦解导致了_的产生。16. 美国政府货币政策的主要执行者是_银行。17. 第二次世界大战全面爆发后，美国继续推行所谓中立_的政策。18. 阿拉斯加州属于北极圈的_气候区，气候_。19. 1861年4月14日南部反动武装开枪轰击联邦政府在_州的萨姆特要塞。20. 1786年新英格兰爆发了由贫苦农民_领导的起义。21._股票指数是表明股票行市变动的一种价格平均数，其平均指数被认为是反映美国股市行情变化最敏感的指数之一。22. 1945年5月，_攻克柏林，德国无条件投降。23. 华盛顿有宏伟的杰斐逊纪念堂和_纪念堂。24. 在南北战争中林肯政府采取了两项重要措施，即在5月20日颁布了_和在9月22日发表了_25. 美国的第二次革命是指_。26. 英国战后的经济经历了50-60年代的平稳发展时期，70年代的经济_时间和80年代的经济复苏时期。27. 安茹王朝的第一个国王亨利二世的最大成就是_改革。28. 经度为0度的_穿过格林威治的老皇家天文台。29. 经过普莱德上校清洗后的_约有200余人。30. _是个历史悠久的国家，也是当今世界的发达国家。在公元七世纪时，它的封建制度已开始形成。1. Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as_.2. The national flag of the United Kingdom is_.3. Every English county and district has its own government body known as the _ which is to be elected every three years by the local inhabitants.4. After Parliament was dismissed ，Oliver Cromwell assumed the title of_，and kept it until his death.5. The 5 titles of_, or peerages, in Britain are Duke，Marquis，Earl，Viscount and Barons.6. _ before the age 18 is free for all American children， so there is no problem about gaining admission to a school before that age.7. Andrew_was the first to establish a steel company. He came from Scotland and was once a bobbin boy in a cotton mill.8. The Executive branch is headed by the _ whose duty is to execute laws passed by Congress.9. Of the five Great Lakes，_is the largest freshwater lake of its kind in the world.10. To strengthen Americas positions in Europe ，the US Secretary of State in 1941 published his_，which proposed massive and systematic American aid to Europe.11. _follows Duke in rank. It was first conferred in 1385.12. _means the period marked by the re-establishment of the House of Stuart, following the collapse of the Protectorate, that is, Charles II was restored to the throne, May 1660.13. English-are public employees，not government officials.14. _ is the nickname of the Englishman.15. The_, as the name implies, the hilly or