自考翻译真题·整理笔记.doc

全国2001年4月英语翻译试题PART ONE IMultiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.You cant be too careful while driving! （英语特殊表达法）A开车要特别小心！ B开车不能太小心！ C你开车时不得不小心翼翼！ D你开车要小心，但切忌谨小慎微！ 2.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. （英语被动语态的翻译， 英语介词的翻译）A土样被从不同深度取出，进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 B从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 C根据含油的迹象，土样被从不同深度取出，对之进行检验。 D为了寻找含油的迹象，从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验。 3.Scarcity of deer in some areas or Texas is attributed to the screw-worm. （英语短语的理解）A得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少造成了这样螺旋锥蝇的出现。 B得可萨斯州某些地区稀少的鹿群与这种螺旋锥蝇起着相互影响。 C这种螺旋锥蝇的出现，就是因得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少而造成的。 D得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群之所以稀少，就是由这种螺旋锥蝇造成的。 4.It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I had intended to pay to Germany in January. （英语评价句的翻译，英语修饰语的位置）A我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。 B我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。 C令我深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。 D令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对的国预定的访问。 5.Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, and the waters flow more quietly. （英语词语的理解）A河面逐渐展开，两岸徐徐向后退去，河水也流得更为平缓。 B河面逐渐展开，两岸离得越来越远，河水也流得更为平缓。 C河面逐渐展开，两岸变得越来越近，河水也流得更为平缓。 D河面逐渐展开，两岸愈加隐隐约约，河水也流得更为平缓。 6.Zhou Enlai arranged for experts from Beijing University to give Bill Morrow some up-to-date information he wanted. A北京大学的专家想为比尔莫罗提供一些最新情况，周恩来就给他们作了安排。 （英语定语从句的翻译，汉语的逻辑顺序）B周恩来想让北京大学的专家作出安排，向比尔莫罗介绍一些最新情况。 C比尔莫罗想了解一些最新的情况，周恩来就安排北京大学的专家向他作介绍。 D比尔莫罗想了解一些有关北京大学的专家的最新情况，周恩来就作了安排。 7.小王没有辜负父母的期望。 （英语的搭配）AXiao Wang reached his parents expectations BXiao Wang satisfied his parents hopes. CXiao Wang realized his parents dreams. DXiao Wang lived up to his parents expectations. 8.世界在变化，我们的思想和行动也要随之而变。 (汉英差异，英语句法)AThe world is changing, we should change our thinking and actions along with it. BThe world is changing, therefore we should change our thinking and actions along with it. CThe world is changing, and we should change our thinking and actions along with it. DThe world is changing, but we should change our thinking and actions along with it. 9.大错误没有犯， 小错误没有断， 因为我们没有经验。 (汉英差异，英语句法)AWe havent made any major mistakes, we have made minor ones, because we have no experience. BSince we havent made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. CAs we havent made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. Dalthough we havent made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience. 10.她不爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。 （汉英差异，英语句法）AShe said little, only answering briefly when asked a question. BShe said little, answering only briefly when asking a question. CShe said little, others asked and then she answered briefly. DShe said little, and not answered briefly only until other asked. B: Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B,C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement. 11.“信、达、雅”这一翻译标准，是严复在他翻译的_一书中的“译例言”中提出的。 A原富 B天演论 C法意 D穆勒名学 12.周煦良认为“雅”应当理解为_. A尔雅 B有文采 C得体 D易懂 13._认为，一部好的译作总是既有直译又有意译的：凡能直译处坚持直译，必须意译处则放手意译。 A傅雷 B郭沫若 C王佑良 D茅盾 14.王力先生指出，西文多用形合法，_. A因此定语从句用得特别多 B因为现在分词用得特别多 C联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的 D介词和介词短语往往是不可缺少的 15.就句子结构而言，一般说来，_. A汉语多用并列结构，英语也多用并列结构 B汉语多用并列结构，英语多用主从结构 C汉语多用主从结构，英语有多用主从结构 D汉语多用主从结构，英语多用并列结构 PART TWOII. Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.16.the Industrial Revolution 工业革命（课本）17.joint venture 合资企业（课本）18.labor intensive industries 劳动密集型产业（课本）19.court of appeals 上诉法庭（课本）20.registered capital 注册资本（课本）21.force majeure 不可抗力（课本）22.Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约 （课本）23.per capita 人均（课本）24.internal combustion engine 内燃机（课本）25.economic globalization 经济全球化（课本）B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.自然资源 27.营业执照 28.修正案 29.香港特别行政区 30.保险公司 31.原料 32.太和殿 33.金融危机 34.原油 35.国民生产总值 III. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each) Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. A.Example: 原文：It was an old and ragged moon. 译文：那是一个又老又破的月亮。 改译：那是一弯下弦残月。 36.原文：They had barely enough time to catch the train. （汉语表达） 译文：他们刚够使劲赶上火车。 改译：他们差点没赶上火车37.原文：Martha bought a suit for one-third off the regular price. （英语短语的理解） 译文：玛莎以原价三分之一的钱买了一套衣服。 改译：玛莎买了一套衣服，比原价便宜了三分之一。38.原文：I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. （汉语表达） 译文：我把青春献给了海洋，回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。 改译：我是在海上度过的我的年轻岁月，回到妻子身边时已垂垂老矣。39.原文：Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. （英语短语的理解） 译文：他的许多思想对当代青年特别感兴趣。 改译：当代青年对他的许多思想特别感兴趣。40.原文：Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects. （英语短语的理解） 译文：布林德雷在为他的工程项目到处奔走的时候，还用自己的帐户中的利息对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。 改译：.处于自愿和兴趣41.原文：It may not be in the interest of one or more of these groups to have clarity and simplicity in land information and regulations where that group is deriving illegal profits from land transactions. （英语定语从句的翻译） 译文：使土地信息透明和土地法规简化可能不符合正在从土地买卖中非法获得的某些集团的利益。 改译：使土地信息透明，土地法规简化，很可能会不符合某些集团的利益，因为这些集团正在从土地买卖中非法获利。B.Example: 原文：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 译文：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces. 改译：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and so does reform. 42.原文：她在这出戏里扮演祥林嫂。 （汉语词语的理解）译文：She played the part of Sister-in-law Xianglin in the opera. 改译：She played the part of Xiang Lins wife in the opera. 43.原文：先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。(汉英差异) 译文：The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to the position of Harvard in the United States in the American history. 改译：.testifies to its position in the American history.44.原文：就我们国家来讲，首先是要摆脱贫穷。要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条比较快的发展道路。 （汉英差异） 译文：For China, the first thing is to throw off poverty. To throw off poverty we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly. 改译:To do so, we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly. 45.原文：我进去看了，只记得有几个年青人在那里唱民歌，别的没有印象了。 (汉英差异) 译文：I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there, and I do not remember anything else. 改译：.All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there. IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points) A.Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (20 points) （Lesson 7 Exercise）46.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. Driving southward from Cairo into the Valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era. For the next 1,800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts. I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm. The villages and towns were usually perched on the edge, so as not to waste arable soil and because there was a need, before the High Dam tamed the Nile, to live beyond the reach of the annual floods. The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert. B.Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (10 points) (0104)47.我虽爱买书，而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候，常在书上把我认为要紧的处所标出。有些书用笔加圈，其他书就用红铅笔划粗粗的线。经过我看过的书，统体干净的很少。 参考译文：Much as I love books, I take little care of them. In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book. If it is a thread-bound Chinese book, I use a writing brush to draw small circles as markings. Otherwise, I use a red pencil to draw heavy underlines. Consequently, the books I have read are rarely clean.2002年4月英语翻译试题PART ONE. Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write it down on the answer sheet.1.Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.（英语被动语态的翻译）A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。2.It will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.（英语评价句型的翻译，词的理解）A.这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。 B.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。C.知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。D.当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。3.Alice rudely showed me the door.（英语的特殊表达法的理解）A.爱丽斯无礼地向我指了一下门的位置。 B.爱丽斯无礼地让我看了看她的门。C.爱丽斯无礼地把我送到门口。 D.爱丽斯无礼地把我轰出了门4.Theres the bell; someone is at the door. （冠词的理解）A.那里有个铃；门口有个人。 B.那里有个铃；有人在叫门。C.铃响了，有人在门口。 D.铃响了，有人叫门。5.There is no one of us but wishes to go to the exhibition.（英语特殊表达法的理解）A.我们每一个人都想去看展览。 B.没有谁想去看展览。C.我们都没在，但有人想请我们去看展览。 D.虽然大家都没在，但我们都希望去看展览。6.The car beeped at me until I fastened my seatbelt.（英语连词的理解）A.汽车向我发出了嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。 B.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C.汽车在我系上安全带之前才发出嘟嘟的声音。 D.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。7.流传久远的作品是靠文学技巧流传，谁会关心百十年前的生活?（汉语词的理解，英语句法）A. Literary works have stood the test to time because of the skill, who today really cares about the details of life a hundred years ago?B. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill. Who today really cares about the details of life a hundred years ago?C. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written. Who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago?D. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written, who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago?8. 应该对货币流通量进行控制，使其有利于人民币价值的稳定，有利于经济的增长。（汉英差异，英语短语的用法）A. The volume of money in circulation should keep at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value of the RMB and to economic growth.B.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level that will stabilize the value of the RMB and encourage economic growth.C.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilize the value of the RMB and to encourage economic growth.D.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value of the RMB and to economic growth.9.发展是硬道理。（汉语词语的理解）A. Development is the hard reason. B. Development is the hard principle.C. Development is the absolute reason. D. Development is the absolute principle.10.不发达地区大都是拥有丰富资源的地区，发展潜力是很大的。 （英语句法）A.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources, have great potential for development.B.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and have great potential for development.C.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources development potential is very great.D.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and their development potential very great.B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement and write it down on the answer sheet.11.凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。这是_提出的。A.鲁迅B.瞿秋白C.茅盾D.郭沫若12.杨宪益说：译者应尽量忠实于原文的形象，既不要夸张，也不要夹带任何别的东西。他针对的是_。A.任何一种翻译B.文学翻译C.诗歌翻译D.汉英翻译13.上下文在解决语言单位的多义性问题上起着最重要的作用。这是_的论述。A.林纾 B.巴尔胡达罗夫 C.泰特勒D.费多罗夫14.王力先生指出，中国语里多用意合法，_。A.因此连词用得较多B.因为主从结构用得较多 C.联结成分并非必需D.联结成分十分需要15.汉语有很多四字成语，译成英语时，译文_。A.一定要保持原文的形象B.一定要脱离原文的形象C.一定要符合原文的意思D.一定要在英语中找到对应的成语PART TWO.Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.16.a man of letters17.the gold rush18.national census19.sustainable development20.arid gully 21.science fiction 22.like a drowned rat 23.applied entomology 24.an insect-free mon groundB. Directions: Put the following phrases into English.26.手语 27.新民主主义论 28.北伐 29.市政府 30.跨国公司31.丝绸之路 32.泰晤士河 33.安理会 34.大陆架 35.祝酒词.Translation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies.Improve the given translations.A. Example:原文：He asked after you.译文：他在你之后发问。 改译：他问起你的情况。 36.原文：By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.（英语短语的理解）译文：到1820年，标准方式已经是把工人雇到工厂里，使他们监督。改译：到1820年，标准的方式已经是把工人雇到工厂里，让他们在监督下工作。37.原文：Many exciting and experimental things in theatre are also being done in university theatres and community centers.（英语短语的理解）译文：许多令人兴奋的，在剧场里的实验性的东西，也在大学的剧场和社区中心上演。改译：许多令人兴奋的实验剧目也在大学的剧场和社区中心上演。38.原文：Dont lose time in doing your homework.（英语短语的理解）译文：别在做作业上浪费时间。改译：抓紧时间做作业。39.原文：I discovered that more than desire and emotion were necessary to write, so I dropped the idea.（英语短语的理解）译文：我发现，要写作，需要更大的愿望和更丰富的感情。于是，我放弃了写作的念头。改译：不仅仅需要愿望和情感.40.原文：Presently he was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune.(英语的理解)译文：过了一会儿，有一个上了年纪的牧师，骑着一匹灰色的母马，用一种拿不准的语调嘟囔着甚么，迎面向他走来。改译：.信口哼着小调.41.原文：A friend exaggerates a mans virtue, an enemy his crimes.（英语省略结构的翻译）译文：朋友极力赞扬你的美德，敌人你的罪过。改译：敌人极力夸大你的罪过。B.Example:原文：展望二十一世纪，我们坚信前景将更加美好。译文：Look into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future.改译：Looking into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future. 42.原文：这样，不仅我能更好地为他们服务，与他们进行感情交流，也减少了一些他们与其他乘客的误会和纠纷。译文：In this way, I can render them better service and exchange feelings with them and also reduce their misunderstandings and conflicts with other passengers.(汉语的理解)改译：.and be friends with them.43.原文：中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。 （汉语的句法）译文：In the prolonged course of Chinas development, it has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions.改译：In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions.44.原文：科学技术是第一生产力。（汉语词的理解）译文：Science and technology are a first productive force.改译：Science and technology are a primary productive force. 45.原文：计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。(汉英差异)译文：A planned economy is not equivalent to socialism, there is planning under capitalism too; a market economy is not capitalism, there are markets under socialism too.改译：A planned economy is not equivalent to socialism, for there is planning under capitalism too; a market economy is not capitalism, for there are markets under socialism too.Paragraph Translation (30 points)A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.(20 points)（Lesson 22 Bilingual Reading）46.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated.B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English.(10 points)(0204)47.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。推翻帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的反动统治，使中国人民的生产力获得解放，这是革命，所以革命是解放生产力。参考译文：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and so does reform. The overthrow of the reactionary rule of imperialism , feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism helped release the productive forces of the Chinese people. This was revolution, so revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces.2003年4月翻译试题Part One.Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. She blurred the ink on the letter with her tears.(英语词语的理解)A 他的眼泪把信上的墨水弄得模糊不清。B 他的眼泪把信上的字迹弄得模糊不清。C 他的眼泪把信上的字句弄得模糊不清。D 他的眼泪把信上的话语弄得模糊不清2. Its better having short lines with more bank tellers.（英语短语的理解）A 如果银行出纳员多一些，不用排长队就好了。B最好是排的队短一些，银行出纳员多一些。C要是排的队短，银行出纳员最好多一些。D 银行出纳员多一些，队就排得更短了。3Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.（英语短语的理解）A在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D 在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。4Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.（汉英句式的差异，英语短语的理解）A几个星期来，气恼和痛苦不断地袭击着我；这种感情上的折磨后,我感到浑身无力。B几个星期来，我处在气恼和痛苦之中；遭受这种感情的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。C 几个星期来，我又气又恨，感到非常苦恼；经历了这种感情的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。D 几个星期来，我经受着气恼和怨恨的吞噬；这种感情过后，我感到浑身无力。5. The numbers didnt really add up, so the accountant went back over them.（英语短语的理解）A数额没有累计起来，所以会计师又把它们拿回去了。B加起来的总数不