定语从句功能及位置.doc

定语从句 功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 the beautiful girl the girl who is beautifulthe team in greenthe team who are wearing green clothes结构: 中心词/先行词+关系词+定语从句中心词/先行词: 名词/名词短语/代词关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why, how等。关系词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句。代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 解题关键: 选择正确的关系词就看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分.注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。(1) He is the man who/that wants to see you. (2) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. （3）The man _ you spoke to just now is our English teacher.(4) Changeswhich / that had never been seen beforeappearin the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(5) The package _ you arecarryingis about to comeunwrapped.whose通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语，表所有。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.关系副词: 在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)I still remember the first time when I met her.By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeksThis is the day_ I will not forget forever.This is the day_ I first came to school.This is the place_ I worked in the past. This is the place_ I visited in the past. This is the reason_ I was late yesterday.This is the reason_ I can only gave you.在以下情况代表物时that而不用which：a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时. All that is needed is a supply of oilc)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时；The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. This is the best film that I have seen.d)先行词中既有人又有物时；Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时；Who is the man that is standing there?f)当先行词为物并作表语时；The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.g)先行词同时又被one,the only,the very,the same修饰时；After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.h)在there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物i)以here is开头的句子k）It is a high time+ 定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，前后都需要用逗号隔开。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, _I have read three times, is very touching. 在以下情况只用which/who/whom/whose/而不用that：(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.as的用法 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时一般不省略，指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。 Such men as know him praise him.He is about the same age as you. as与which的相同点和不同点、 as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.as和which都可以指代一个句子,但as的位置灵活,可以放在句首,句中，而which只能位于句末.China has a long history, as/which we all know.As we all know, China has a long history.1 I talkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure.A.which B.what C.asD.those2.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.that B.whereC.inwhichD.theone 3.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.that B.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.that B.where C.which D.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound.A.that B.where C.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature_waterchangesintoice.A.atwhich B.onthat C.inwhich D.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou_canbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobserved B.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which9.Thattree,_branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich10.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing.A.as B.thatC.whichD.what11.Hefailedintheexamination,_madehisfatherveryangry.A.which B.it C.that D.what12.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that13.Thegirl_anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister.A.whoissingingB.issinging C.sangD.wassinging14.Those_notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learn B.who C.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainsts B.thatagainst C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst16Didntyouseetheman_?A.Inoddedjustnow B.whomInoddedjustnow C.Inoddedtohimjustnow D.Inoddedtojustnow17.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout18.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelonged B.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs19.-“Howdoyoulikethebook?” -“Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.”A.that B.which C.theone D.theonewhat20.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers22.Thetrain_shewastravellingwaslate.A.which B.where C.onwhichD.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_thepapersarekept.A.where B.inwhich C.underwhich D.which24.Antarctic_weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.which B.where C.that D.aboutwhich25.Itsthethirdtime_latethismonth.A.thatyouarrived B.whenyouarrived C.thatyouvearrived D.whenyouvearrived26.Itwasin1969_theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.that B.which C.when D.inwhich27.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.which B.when C.onwhichD.aboutwhich28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_livemygrandpa