高考完型填空说.ppt

,高考英语完形填空专题,完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第3150题)，考试时间为15分钟，分值为30分，占总分的20。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文内留20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。,高中英语课程标准和考试说明 对高考完形填空的规定,考点,语法结构,词汇题,篇章结构,高考完形 填空考什么？,One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm. At 16, I liked_31_ better than driving our truck, _32_ this time I was not happy. My father had told me Id have to ask for credit(赊账) at the store. Sixteen is a _33_age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly_34_of racial discrimination was_35_a fact of life. Id seen my friends ask for credit and stand, head down, while the store owner_36_ whether they were “good for it” I knew black youths just like me who were_37_ like thieves by the store each time they went into a grocery. My family was _38_. We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner_39_ us? At Daviss store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded_40_ I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I bought my_41_ to the cash desk. I said_42_, “I need to put this on credit” The farmer gave me an amused, distrustful _43_. But Bucks face didnt change. “Sure.” he said _44_. “You daddy is _45_ good for it.” He_46_to the other man. “This here is one of James Williamss son.” The farmer nodded in a neighborly_47_. I was filled with pride. James Williamss son. Those three words had opened a door to an adults respect and trust. That day I discovered that the good name my parents had _48_ brought our family the respect of our neighbors. Everyone knew what to_49_ from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself_50_ much to do wrong. 31. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 32. A. and B. so C. but D. for 33. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful 34. A. intention B. shadow C. habit D. faith 35. A. thus B. just C. still D. ever 36. A. guessed B. suspected C. questioned D. figured 37. A. watched B. caught C. dismissed D. accused 38. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest 39. A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust 40. A. until B. as C. once D. since 41. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites 42. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully 43. A. looked B. stare C. response D. comment 44. A. patiently B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly 45. A. generally B. never C. sometimes D. always 46. A. pointed B. replied C. turned D. introduced 47. A. sense B. way C. degree D. mood 48. A. earned B. deserved C. given D. used 49. A. receive B. expect C. collect D. require 50. A. very B. so C. how D. too,记叙文特点,记叙文分为记事和记人两种形式。记叙文有较强的故事趣味，有情节的跌宕起伏和情感的细腻变化等特点，在记叙过程中往往会融入对人物的语言和行为以及心里的描写，有时在记叙过程中或记叙结束后发表自己的看法和感受。本文讲述了16岁时那年，“我”遵父亲之命到商店买电线时所亲身体验的一件事情。作为黑人的我深深地感到社会上存在着种族歧视现象，因为我曾目睹我的朋友在赊账是受到老板的冷眼相待，但幸运的是，老板却爽快地答应了，因为我是James Williams的儿子。那件事使我明白了：正是父母的诚实、正直才赢得了老板和邻居们的尊敬。,考点设计,选项中共出现动词考察8个(36题,37题,39题,43题,46题,48题,49题)，副词考察5个（35题，42题，44题，45题，50题），形容词2个（33题，38题），连词2个（32题，40题），名词考察2个（34题，47题），不定代词考察1个（30题）.试题遵循“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。实词中侧重于名词、动词、副词和形容词的考查同时也兼顾连词、代词等虚词的考查试题以情景意义选择为主，常识、惯用语、语法分析为辅。以意群分析为主，单句理解为辅，以逾越句子层次理解为主，以句子层次理解为辅，这一命题思路正反映了高考英语“突出语篇，注重语境”的命题风格与考查要求。,得分率分析,词汇手段,复现,词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类。,复现,Sixteen is a _33_age, when a young man wants respect, not charity.,33. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful,33.A 本句是由when引导的非限制性定语从句, 对先行词a _33_age进一步补充说明,此处所填的形容词与 “when a young man wants respect, not charity” 所表达的意思相同。,prideful“有自尊心的，自豪的”，符合题意。与下文中的 “I was filled with pride” 相吻合。,选项C的干扰性很大, respectful意思为 “尊敬的, ( 向别人)表示尊敬的,在倒数第二段出现I was filled with pride. James Williamss son,语法手段,2、语法结构方面 对语法结构的考查集中在 1）虚拟语气； 2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）； 3）状语从句； 4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；5）主谓搭配一致 (时态，语态，语气，人称，数)； 6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子 ；7) 逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。,Id seen my friends ask for credit and stand, head down, while the store owner_36,_ whether they were “good for it”,36.C guess认为，猜想；figure 料想，估计，后接that从句，不接whether从句。,而question意思为“怀疑，对产生质疑”，后接whether从句。,B项suspect的干扰性很强。suspect表示猜想，或觉得(尤指坏事)可能是事实，,后接that从句，一般不接whether从句，要注意其用法。,36. A. guessed B. suspected C. questioned D. figured,I nodded_40_ I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves,40. A. until B. as C. once D. since,40.B分析动词nodded和passed之间的关系可知两动作同时发生，,连词as 表示“当时候”，引导时间状语从句。,上下文语境,It was 1976, and the ugly_34_of racial discrimination was_35_a fact of life.,34. A. intention B. shadow C. habit D. faith 35. A. thus B. just C. still D. ever,34.B 由下一句可知：黑人依然受歧视，也就是种族歧视的可怕的阴影（或影响）,仍然是黑人必须面对的事实。shadow的意思为“阴影，阴暗面；影响。”,35.C 本题结合34题选择。still“仍然”。,My family was _38_. We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short,38. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest,38. B根据下文 “We paid our debts”和文章的最后一句,“a decent person who kept his word and respect at himself”可知答案为honest,注意D项modest 意思为“谦虚的”。,When I bought my_41_ to the cash desk,41. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites,41. A由首句 “One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm”可知，,我去商店买电线，名词purchases意思为“购买之物”，这里指wire。,C项orders意思为“预定的货物”，不合题意。,“Sure.” he said _44_. “You daddy is _45_ good for it.”,44. A. patiently B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly 45. A. generally B. never C. sometimes D. always,44.C 由下文老板的话可知“我”的父亲很讲诚信，总是能够偿还赊账。easily这里意思 “轻易地，无疑地，”。用此词最能反映出老板不假思索，毫无疑问地同意给“我” 赊账。 45.D本句：老板答应爽快，他知道Williams一家向来是诚实守信的，按时偿还赊账。,根据词语的习惯 用法和固定搭配 选择答案,At 16, I liked_31_ better than driving our truck,nothing better than意思为“没有什么能比得上”。,本句的意思为“十六岁的我最喜欢开车”。,31. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything,31.B 根据下文 “32_ this time I was not happy.”可知，作者平常很喜欢开车,He_46_to the other man. “This here is one of James Williamss son.”,46. A. pointed B. replied C. turned D. introduced,46.C 老板与“我”对话之后又转向那个农民，turn to 意思为“转向”。,根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义,I knew black youths just like me who were_37,like thieves by the store each time they went into a grocery.,37. A. watched B. caught C. dismissed D. accused,37.A 本句意思为：每次象我一样的黑种人来商店的时候,店员总是把他们当作小偷似的暗中监视。,watch表示“暗中监视某人。”注意accuse表示“指责，控告”，不合题意。,解题策略,通过以上分析，考生在做完形填空试题应采取以下策略： 1. 通览：通读全文，重视首句，把握主旨 做完形填空题不少考生，在没有通读全文的情况下就边看边填，结果往往自我感觉良好，但得分与之大相径庭。究其原因就是缺乏语篇意识，没有充分领会文章大意。因此考生在选题是要认真分析理解首句信息，充分重视首句的标示和窗口作用，通过首句 “One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm.”可以推测文章的体裁、事情发生的时间，人物甚至写作意图等，然后通览全文，跳过空格引起的思维障碍，抓住构建文意的信息词、短语或句子，迅速把握文章线索和主旨，同时对空格要填的词可作试探性猜测，为下一步选择答案做好准备。 2. 初选：精读全文，逐项推敲，初选答案 在通读全文的基础上，精读全文，全面细致地理解文章，借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出语法正确、上下连贯、合乎逻辑、理由充分的答案。 3. 定案：复读全文，仔细检查，确定答案 检查时不要孤立的看各个选项，而要复读全文，检查用词是否恰当，语法是否正确，文意是否通畅，逻辑是否合理。 若没有十分把握，要坚持原来的答案，相信第一感觉。但也不要省去此步，让明显流离文章主题或与语篇有逻辑矛盾的答案从眼前跳过。,备考建议,1. 完形填空试题对语言能力的要求 完形填空试题是在语篇层面上考查考生阅读理解能力、对常用词汇的准确、得体的运用能力、逻辑思维能力、分析判断能力，侧重考查在理解篇章的基础上灵活运用词汇、语法及语篇的能力，考生应当具备以下诸方面的语言知识和能力，才能够应对完形填空。 （1）扎实的词汇功底和语法知识。 （2）快速阅读能力与技巧。 （3）快速了解篇章结构理顺文章的能力 （4）捕捉相关信息进行归纳、判断、分析和推理的能力。 （5）文化背景知识和生活常识等。,2. 复习要点 完形填空试题对知识、能力、素质提出了更高要求，并且渗透了新课标的内容。因此我们在复习备考中要注意以下几个方面： 1必须注重常用词、词组、习语和句型的积累；掌握一定量的同义词、近义词在不同语境中的辨析。 2阅读和解题时必须注意研究语境，把握语篇，培养语感。完形填空题考查的重点是在准确理解文章的基础上，根据上下文信息进行推理判断，才能得出最佳答案。 3应该指导学生读一些组篇手法灵活、信息量大、内涵丰富、文化色彩浓厚的文章。让学生学会透过表层抓住本质，学会识别和理解复杂的文章结构，从而感受文章意境。 4精选练习，擅于总结。有计划、有步骤，由简到难、又长到短地进行有针对性的专