基础语法-名词性从句.doc

名词性从句 （主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）高中阶段所涉及的主要从距种类主要包括：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句即具有名词特点的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。无论是从高考的角度，还是从英语学习本身来讲，名词性从句的以下知识，都是我们必须弄懂和掌握的重点和热点问题。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1、连接词：that, whether, if ,(不充当从句的任何成分）as if (引导表语从句）连接词本身在从句中不作成份，但是不能随意省略：That 在某些条件下可以省略，if和 whether 本身有意义，不能省略。2、连接代词：who谁（主格）, whom谁（宾格）, whose谁的（所有格）What什么的东西, Which哪一个（些），（指人或物）Whatever= anything that（无论什么）whoever= anyone who（无论谁）, whichever= anything that（无论哪一个）连接代词在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当句子成份(主、宾、定、表)。 3、连接副词：where = the place where (何地)why = the reason why （为何）When= the time when （何时）How= the way in which （如何）连接副词在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当状语。名词性从句一、主语从句：主语从句是在句子中充当主语的从句。如：Why he did that wasnt quite clear.Who will go makes no difference.It is strange that you would like him.That he was able to come made us happy1、主语从句经常由it做形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面，主语从句用it 作形式主语的句型主要有以下几种： It+ be+ adj. +that 此句型常用的形容词主要有obvious（明显的）, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny（滑稽的）, possible（可能性最小）, likely（其次可能）, probable（最可能）, certain 等等。 It + be + n. n. phrase + that 此句型常用的名词主要有, an honour荣誉, a good thing, a pity遗憾, no surprise 等等。 It + be + p.p +that此句型常用的过去分词said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced宣布, arranged安排 等等。It+ vi.+ that此句型常用的不及物动词词主要有seems/happened/turned out/appears等等。 其他情况：(以下三种形式常省略that) it makes no difference 毫无区别 it doesnt matter 无关紧要 its no wonder 难怪2、有些名词性从句不能用于句首 复合句是疑问句时不可Is it likely that it will snow in the morning?It doesnt matter + how/whether 句型中 It is said/ reported/ thought 等句型中 二、表语从句：表语从句是位于系动词后，句中做表语的从句，如： The question is who can complete the job.The problem is that I cant get here early.He looked as if he was going to cry.The problem is whether he will come.1、接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 2、引导表语从句的that经常可以省略。3、表语从句不能用if引导，但可以用weather 以及as if引导。4、注意The reason is that (不用because) 三、宾语从句：宾语从句是在句中宾语的从句，如： I wonder whether (if) it has gone bad.Do you know whom they are waiting for?We can learn what we didnt know.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.I am sure that he will succeed. 1、谓语动词是及物动词make find see hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾补后，用it做形式宾语。如：Ive made it clear that you should really consider taking a night class. 2、有些作表语的形容词（sure happy glad certain afraid delighted）后也可以带宾语从句。如： The teacher was delighted that the students did well in the exam. 3、介词宾语 He is a good man except that he is bad-tempered.You may depend on 依赖it that they will support you.另：In that (由于，在于)，Except that (除了)， But That (要不是)。只有少数几个介词后可加that引导的宾语从句。4、Suggest/ order/ demand/ require/ request/ recommend建议 ，推荐 等动词后面的宾语从句要用虚拟，此时That 不可省略。 Suggest+ that+ sb+ (should) do+ sth 注意should 此时可以省略，特别是否定形式 Suggest that sb (should) not do sth, 省略 should 后容易犯错误：I suggest that you not go to that party.5、需要注意的句型： I doubt/I have a doubt/There is a doubt+ whether/if I am sure + thatI am not sure + whether/if 四、同位语从句：同位语从句一般跟在名词后，起进一步说明该名词的具体内容的作用，如： She asked the reason why there was a delay延误The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway在半路上. 1、引导同位语从句的经常是以下名词：fact/ news/ promise/ idea/ truth/ hope/ suggestion/ thought念头/ question/ order命令/ problem/ belief/ fear/ doubt 2、同位语从句中连接词用that（不能用which），连接副词常用how， when，why以及 where。 3、同位语从句中that不充当成分，但不可以省略。4、that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句是有区别的，但也是容易混淆的。 同位语从句对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。定语从句对前面的名词起修饰限定的作用。对比： The news that our football team had won was encouraging.（同位语从句） The news that we heard on the radio was not true. (定语从句) 另外：that在同位语从中不可以省略，而在定从中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时不可以省略。对比 The road that leads to that village is ruined. （that 充当主语） The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Ann. （that 充当宾语） 五、其他注意事项 1、 Who goes against law shall be punished. Whoever goes against law shall be punished. 不带先行词的情况下不能用who，而应该用whoever. 因为whoever 相当于anyone who. He will give the book to whomever he likes. （此处不能用whoever, who和whom） 2、下列情况下只用whether不能用if：在表语从句和同位语从句中 The question is whether it is worth doing. (不用if)放于句首 Whether she will come or not doesnt matter too much.(不用if)后面紧接 or not, 即只有 weather or not在介词之后, 如： I will give you a report on weather we should abandon the plan. 后面加不定式，weather to do sth引导让步状语从句，如： We will study English hard, whether it rains or snows.【专项训练】1I wonder how much_Acost these shoes Bdo these shoes cost Cthese shoes costDare these shoes cost2Nobody knew_Awhere he comes Bwhere he was from Cwhere he is from Dwhere does he come from 3Excuse me ,would you please tell me_Awhen the sports meet will be taken place Bwhen was the sports meet going to be heldCwhen is the sports meet to begin Dwhen the sports meet is to take place_4Computers can only give cut _has been stored in them .Athat Bwhich Cwhat Danything5She wanted to know_Awhether I knew her and where did she work Bif I knew her and the factory she worked there Cwhether I knew her and the factory she worked Dif I knew her and the factory where she worked 6My friend wouldnt tell me _ his new car Ahow much he paid for Bhow much did he pay Che paid how much for Ddid he pay how much7A simple experiment shows _ air has some strength Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho8He _ you are not going abroadAsurprised that Bis surprised that Csurprised at Dis surprised whether9Father asked_Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with me Cwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me 10It doesnt matter _ I rest or not Aif Bwhether CthatDwhen11The trouble is _ we are short of tools Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhy that12That is _ there appears a rainbow in the sky AwhatBwhenCwhy Dhowever13_I cant understand is _ he wants to change his mindAThat , that BWhich , what CWhat , whatDWhat, why14It is possible he misunderstood I said Athat ,that Bwhat, whatCwhat , that Dthat , what15The thought he might fail in the exam worried him Awhich BthatCwhen D/16The fact he is an orphan is well knownAwhatBthatCwhichD/17 I was free that evening AIt happened to BIt happened thatCThat happened DIt was happened that 18 I will accept the gift is none of your businessAIf BWhetherCWhat DWhich 19 I have will be yours sooner or later ANo matter whatBNo matter whatever CWhatever DThat 20He always thinks he can do more for the peopleAof how BhowCof that Dwhy 21 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday AIt says BIt is said CIt has said DHe is said22We think it important college students should master at least one foreign languageAwhich BthatCwhatDwhether23Comrade Wang is to give us a t