CET4-Writing-四级写作.ppt

CET4-Writing,Contents,CET4-Wr.的重要性 CET4-Wr.的大纲解读 CET4-Wr.的基本考点 CET4-Wr.的评分标准 CET4-Wr.的注意事项 CET4-Wr.的误区 CET4-Wr.的高分原则 CET4-Wr.的写作方法 CET4-Wr.的常考文体 三段式写作模板,CET4-Wr.的重要性,考试第一道题 30分钟，字数120-180，106分 考核思想表达，篇章组织，语言运用，写作格式 间接考察语法，拼写，遣词造句等语言基本功 熟悉的校园一般性话题以及社会热点问题,CET4-Wr.的大纲解读,两大黄金原则 印象原则：书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰 语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位： 语言：基本正确；丰富多变（词汇+句型） 结构：逻辑性 段落结构：总分总 主题句：翻译提纲，1句 论证：2句 小结：1句 评分标准： 关联词 同义替换（词汇+句型） 代词替换 内容：不跑题,CET4-Wr.的基本考点,切题-所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足命题要求，在内容上没有偏差。 表达清楚、条理清晰-考查学生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。 文字通顺，连贯性较好-考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。 基本无语言错误-考查学生语言基本功的掌握，包括语法和拼写等。,CET4-Wr.的评分标准,14-12分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11-9分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8-6分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 5-3分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,CET4-Wr.的注意事项,字迹一定要工整 改掉小毛病（标点，换行，拼写，段落标号等） 写作之前要好好构思，写一个提纲 三段或四段文，字数合理 写完要再读，查漏补缺（笔误） 用语规范，不用口头语，尽量不缩写 逻辑清楚,CET4-Wr.的误区,单词越难越好 句子越长越好 模板是万能的,CET4-Wr.的高分原则,文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言 结构上略胜一筹 内容上推陈出新 语言上（遣词造句） 高分原则为： 在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。 用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。 尽量使用非陈述句式，如倒装、被动、虚拟语气及插入语等。,难,不需要,关键,CET4-Wr.的写作方法,三部分：提出问题分析问题解决问题 分析问题指阐释原因，方法，危害等。 三段或四段 共12句话左右，每句话不少于10个单词。 三部分紧扣汉语提纲，通常为：为什么，怎么样，怎么做,CET4-Wr.的写作方法,对比选择型：两个观点，整体介绍 陈述不同的观点及其理由 表明自己的观点或结论。 比较利弊型：一件事的两个面，分析优点分析缺点总结并提出自己的观点 问题解决型：提出问题给出解决问题总结。 阐述说明型: 现象分析型/道理论证型/谚语型：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。 图表作文：描述图表信息(引出主题)分析原因总结（展望/个人观点） 看图作文：分析所给情景（引出主题）选择写作方法（道理论证型）。,On the Spring Festival Gala Online Shopping What Electives to Choose Recreational Activities How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Creating a Green Campus.,As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/ decrease (goes up/increases/drops/decreases), significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _. There are at least two good reasons accounting for _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is responsible for _. Maybe there are some other reasons to show _. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.,As can be clearly seen from the graph/table/chart (As is shown in the table/figure), great changed have taken place in_, The _ have/has skyrocketed/jumped from _ to _. When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give different explanations. Here I shall just give a few. To begin with, _Whats more,_, Last but not least, _. While it is desirable that _, there are still some problems and difficulties for _ Firstly, _ ,In addition, _ ,In a word, _ .,图表文首段常用句型,As is shown in the table /chart(图）, the number of students enrolled dropped to1000 in 2005. As we can see from the chart, the price of oil increased dramatically. According to the table, The figures in the chart reflect that The statistics show that The numbers in the graph reveal that peoples income has been increasing steadily. The graph suggests/ shows/indicates/illustrates that there has been a sharp decline/ rise in the population in this region. It is clear/apparent that the output of this type of products is rising/dropping.,数据增长 The number of has grown steadily has risen from shows a tendency to increase climbed went sharply up soared tends to go up tends to increase There was a rapid/sharp/ dramatic/ gradual/slow rise/increase in the number of The number of is on the rise./on the increase.,数据降低 The number of dropped steadily from to in 2006. declined suddenly fell tends to go down tends to fall shows a tendency to decrease There was a sharp fall /gradual decrease/sudden reduction/slow decline/drop in the number of in 2006.,倍数、比例关系 be in direct ratio to /with成正比 inverse ratio to/with成反比 have the largest percentage/proportion of 占最大比例 The number of makes up/takes up/accounts for fifty percent of the total.占总量的百分之五十 Compared with, has a higher/lower percentage. is twice/three times the amount in is ranked first, followed by atpercent and atpercent. The situation reached a peak at percent in,结论部分常用句型,From the analyses above, we can draw /come to the conclusion that From the data we gathered from the above graph, we can conclude that According to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion that We can make a conclusion from the above that,On the Importance of Learning Basic Skills As is described in the picture, a teacher is teaching mathematics while one of her students is asking whether these basic skills might be outdated by the time theyre in the job market. Nowadays, more and more students tend to believe it is unnecessary to learn basic skills. It is important for us to learn basic skills well mainly for two reasons. For one thing, mastering the basic skills can not only help us acquire the advanced skills that we need to find a job, but also cultivate our characters along the way we learn them.,As the famous British philosopher Francis Bacon said, ”Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; Logic and rhetoric able to contend ” For another, the basic skills will never be out of date and they remain very practical in our daily life and work. We need to excel in mathematics to deal with our household expense as well as to make the project plan. In short, the basic skills are essential for our success. The more and better basic skills we master, the more likely we are to find a satisfactory job and lead a happy life.,CET4-Wr.的常考文体,论说文 应用文-欢迎加入社团（2007，6）招募志愿者活动辞(2006,6)，给老师的感谢信（2005，6），竞选学生会的演讲稿（2005，1），导游介绍（2004，1），建议朋友报考专业信（2003，12），帮助同学的感想（2004，1），食堂投诉信（2002，1），同学来访度假安排信（2001，6） 图表文-Education Pays (2012,12), 大学生使用计算机（2002，6），人们饮食的变化（1991，6） 看图作文- On the importance of Reading Literature (2013,6), Doing Big Things Starts from Doing the Small Ones(2013.6), On the Importance of Learning Basic Skills (2013,6),不论什么文体，中间的论述部分不变，都是以议论为主体。,CET4-Wr.的常考文体-论说文,对立观点型-要不要取消春晚（2006,12）大学校园是否要开放（2005，12），口语考试要不要考（2000，6），精读还是泛读（1999，6），幸运数字带不带来好运（1998，6）钱能带来幸福与否（1995，1），对失败的态度（1992，1) 比较利弊型-娱乐活动的益处和坏处（2008.6）双休日带来的好处和坏处（1996，1）面试的优点（1995，6） 现象分析型 -选择选修课的因素（2007，12）选择大学任课教师（2006，6new），做人要诚实（2003，1），不要犹豫说“不”的原因等（1999，1）假冒伪劣产品（1998，1），纯净水的短缺（1996，6），世界越来越小（1994，1）我最喜爱的电视节目及原因（1993，6），自行车流行原因与汽车相比优缺点及前途（1991，1），绿化城市的好处和如何实现（1990 ,1) 问题解决型-怎样取得面试成功（2001，1）怎样支付大学学费（20001），怎样了解社会的途径（1997，6），我的理想工作及如何准备（1994，6），怎样克服英语学习中的困难（1992，6） 道理论证型-熟能生巧（1997，1）,三段式写作模板-第一段,提出问题的存在，或问题重要性，并引出下文或提出论点 引言常用表达： nowadays; these days; at present; with the development of; is always a major problem; is important/vital/ indispensable; however; as a result,第一段常用万能句：,现状说明： When it comes to/Faced with/When asked about/, most/many people believe that ., but other people regard/consideras/differently. ., peoples opinions differ. Some believe that ., while others claim that. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/view/idea of Some people claim that ., while others believe that There is a general discussion today about the issue/problem of Those who criticize . argue that They believe that But people who advocate ., on the other hand, argue that Most people are of the opinion that But I personally believe that Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that Now, it is generally acknowledged that ., But I doubt whether ,第一段常用万能句：,图表描述 1. In 1990, it increased/decreased from . to . 2. By comparison with 1998, it decreased/increased by 3. The figure has nearly doubled, compared with/as against that of last year. 4. It has decreased/increased almost two and a half times/twice/three times, compared with . 5. The number is twice/4 times/half as much as that of 1990. 6. It accounts for/takes up. percent of the total. 7. The number was less/more than., a half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.,第二段常用万能句,原因列举： 1. The phenomenon/change in . mainly results from/arises from the fact that . 2. One may regard the phenomenon as a .sign of/response to 3. There are many causes of/reasons for this dramatic growth/decrease. First, . Second, . Finally, . 4. A number of factors can account for the change in . 5. Another contributory factor of . is . 6. Why are/do/did .? For one thing,for another,./one reason is,Another is. Perhaps the primary reason is 7. . is also responsible for the rise/decrease in .,第二段常用万能句,观点陈述： 1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/close examination. 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe/argue/think that . 3. Although the popular belief/idea is that ., (a) current study/survey indicates that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to neglect/fail to mention/consider the fact that . 5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but this is not to say/it doesnt follow/it doesnt mean that . 7. There is/are absolutely no/in face every reason(s) for us to believe/accept/resist/reject that . 8. What these people fail to understand/consider/mention is that . 9. You/One may say/argue/think that It probably will. But . 10. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that .,第二段常用万能句,利弊说明： 1. The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B. 2. Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it .; for another, it 3. Although A has numerous/substantial/considerable advantage over B ., it can not compete with B in . 4. As advantage sounds ridiculous/means nothing when Bs advantages are considered.,第二段常用万能句,举例论证： Numerous