高考英语第二轮热点专题复习-名词性从句.doc

高考英语第二轮热点专题复习名词性从句考情分析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可用作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有：连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which，有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等；连接副词：when, where, why, how，有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语；连接词：that, whether, if, as if，if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分；that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。名词性从句重点与难点：一、that从句作主语和宾语时，常用it作形式主语，将从句放在句末e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.二、that引导名词性从句的省略情况1、that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2、that引导宾语从句时一般可省略，但在以下几种情况中不能省略。1）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时不能省略；2）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时不能省略； 3）当that作介词宾语时不能省略。e.g. Hejudgedthat, becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.三、名词性从句中的语序名词性从句中一律使用陈序语气。e.g. He asked how much I paid for the violin.四、名词性从句中的时态呼应在名词性从句中，谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相一致。e.g. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when you will come and see him. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen her somewhere. Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?五、名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求”的名词性从句中，要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。e.g. I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once. I suggested that he (should) go there at once. The suggestion was that he (should) go there at once.2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。e.g. I wish I were ten years younger. I wish you had posted the letter yesterday. I wish I would try again.3、在句型“It + is/was + adj.+主语从句”中，如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary等，从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。e.g. Its strange that he (should) think so. It is necessary that he (should) go there at once.六、引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分且不能省略，同位语从句一般放在有具体含义的名词后，用以解释名词的含义或内容；而定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰。e.g. TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.七、引导名词性从句的that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。e.g. That he said so made us angry .What he said at the meeting made us angry.China is no longer what it used to be.八、疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别1、疑问词+ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。e.g. Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.2、nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。e.g. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.方法技巧点拨一、学习定语从句应达到的能力要求1、掌握不同的连接词的用法。2、能够区分四种名词性从句。3、能够区分名词性从句和定语从句。二、解题思路高考中考查名词性从句时，经常考查连接词的选用。解题时应先判断从句的类型，然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整，最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。高考试题分析1. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （2008山东）A. It B. This C. What D. As解析 C she told me是插入语，可删除。what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语。2. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京）A. which B. that C. what D. who解析 C create后为宾语从句，从句中they hope是插入语，可删除，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导该从句。3. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.（2008天津）A. where B. how C. when D. why解析 C was后为表语从句，此处when与the last time相呼应，根据句意可排除其他选项。4. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think.(2008上海)A. what B. which C. whom D. that解析 A 介词about后为宾语从句，从句中动词do与think缺少宾语，所以用what引导该从句；which“哪一个”、whom“谁”与句意不符，可排除；that引导宾语从句时不充当成分，也可排除。5. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (2008浙江)A. what B. that C. which D. one解析 A from后为宾语从句，从句中动词speak缺少宾语，所以用what引导该从句。6. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）A. It B. WhatC. As D. Which解析 B 从第二个is可知它的前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导；若去掉第二个is，则选A项。7. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. （2008湖南）A. what B. why C. whom D. which解析 A 此句中When asked =When they were asked，asked后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语所以用what引导该从句。8. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years. （2008重庆）A. that B. which C. what D. how解析 C 介词of后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当宾语。9. Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. （2008安徽）A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long解析 A finding out后为宾语从句，根据句意只能用how far“到什么程度或范围”引导该从句。10. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? （2008陕西）A. what B. which C. that D. where解析 D idea后为同位语从句，表示idea的具体内容，根据句意从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。11. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)A. if B. because C. when D. that解析 D 该句中it是形式主语，所填选项引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。12. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江)A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who解析 C 所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，可排除A、B两项；who可用来引导主语从句且充当主语，但who表示疑问语气，与句意不符，故可排除；所以此处用whoever引导主语从句，相当于anyone who，此时anyone用作先行词，who引导定语从句。13. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (2008上海春招)A. which B. whether C. what D. that解析 D news后为同位语从句，表示news的具体内容，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。14. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That解析 A 所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当介词about的宾语，所以用what引导。15. Could I speak to_ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山东)A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who解析 C to后为宾语从句，此处用whoever引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语，此时whoever=anyone who；no matter who只能用于引导让步状语从句。16. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （2007全国II）A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which解析 A所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，所以用what引导。17. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津)A. this B. that C. it D. these解析 C 此处用it作形式宾语，when and where the meeting would be held作真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是从句时，一般用先行代词it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语的后面。18. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (2007天津)A. what B. which C. how D. where解析 A 此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当表语。which引导宾语从句时意为“哪一个”，表示选择；how引导宾语从句时意为“如何”；where引导宾语从句时意为“在地方”，均与句意不符。19. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007上海)A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where解析 B所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当宾语，所以用what引导。20. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. (2007江苏)A. what B. why C. how D. whether解析 A on后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当介词for的宾语。21. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. (2007浙江)A. where B. what C. when D. why解析 A Thats后为表语从句，此处where与downtown相呼应，根据句意可排除其他选项。22. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建)A. how B. what C. whichD. when解析 B 该句中it作形式主语，what引导主语从句。该主语从句还原为疑问句应为“What do other people think about you?”。23. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南)A. why B. that C. when D. where解析 B 所填选项引导宾语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。24. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.（2007安徽）A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that解析 B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以用what引导；something后接定语从句，可以省略作宾语的关系词that。25. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007陕西)A. That B. Which C. What D. As解析 C所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当say和do的宾语，可排除A、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为“哪一个”，表示选择，与句意不符，故选C。26. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （2007上海）A. when B. why C. whether D. that解析 D is后为表语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。27. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you read. (2007上海春招)A. that B. what C. which D. whether解析 B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可排除A、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为“哪一个”，表示选择，与句意不符，故选B。提升训练1. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what2. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. A. asB. that C. whatD. which3. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is4. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while6. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when7. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class_ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. whyB. that C. where D. because8. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. asB. whichC. what D. that10. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether11. The advice _ I should take some medicine sounds good. A. which B. that C. / D. what12. The problem is _ he has enough time. A. if B. whether C./ D. that13. All the building materials have been washed away.So I have heard. But there was no sign _ a heavy rain was on the way last night.A. when B. that C. which D. if14. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. should master B. masters C. mastered D. will master15. Chances are high _ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.A. when B. where C. that D. which16. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly _.A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for itC. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it17. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever18. The infrastructure of a country is _ makes everything run smoothly.A. how B. which C. that D. what19. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats_ she cant come with us.A. why B. how C. when D. what20. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why21. A modern university has been set up in _ used to be a deserted land.A which B. that C. what D. where22. I dont doubt