中考英语八大时态考点详解精品版.docx

目录一般现在时1一般将来时2一般过去时3现在进行时3过去进行时4过去将来时4现在完成时4过去完成时4一般现在时一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。 一、用法： 1.表示现在的状态： e.g. Hes twelve. Shes at work. 2.表经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。e.g. I get up at 6:30 every day. He reads English every morning. 3.表主语具备的性格、能力和特征。 e.g. I dont like this book. 4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun. 5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。e.g. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.二、构成：一般现在时用实义动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：1.一般的动词词尾+S。2.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.3.以辅音字母+Y结尾的把Y变成i，+es。4.辅音字母+o结尾的+es（无生命的结尾为s）.1.be动词 肯定句： 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.实义动词 当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do (助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或者语态，也可构成疑问句和否定句)肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？ 如： What do you often do after school ? 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well. 一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？ 如： How does your father go to work? 常见考法 对于一般现在时的考查：1. 在具体语境中灵活运用时态。2. 动词的原型与单三形式的选择典型例题：She will find him a kind man when she_more about him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know 解析：在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来时。She是一个单三人称，故用knows 一般将来时结构：1.will/shall+动词原形will 在陈述句中用于各种人称；shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。否定式：will not=wont；shall not=shant一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？I will/shall do a better job next time.下次我要做得好些。Oil and water will not mix.油和水没法混在一起。Will he help you with your English tonight?今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗？Yes, he will./No, he wont.是的，他会。/不，他不会。When will you arrive for America?你什么时候去美国？Tomorrow.明天。2. am/is/are going to +动词原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are+主语+going to +动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us?他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？用法will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。1. will主要用于在以下三个方面：表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.要在将来的某个时间内发生Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.He will be thirty years old this time next year.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.Mary has been ill for a week.Oh, I didnt know. I will go and see her.2. be going to主要用于一下两个方面：表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。用其他时态表示将来含义的情况1. 用现在进行时表示将来。瞬间动词和持续动词都可以用其现在进行时表达将来的含义，主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。（瞬间动词的进行时任何时候都表示将来的含义，持续动词的进行时只有在含有将来的时间状语或将来语境的条件下才表示将来）The bus is coming.公交车就要来了。The students are leaving on Sunday.学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week.我们下星期将开一个晚会。2. 用一般现在时表示将来。come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时位移动词的一般现在时可以表示将来含义，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。在时间或条件状语从句中。（主将从现）Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will have a party in the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就在公园举行一个聚会。There be结构的一般将来时肯定式：There will be；There is/are going to beThere will be a basketball match this afternoon.=There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.今天下午会有一场篮球赛。否定式：There wont be；There is/are not going to beThere wont be a basketball match this afternoon.=There isnt going to be a basketball match this afternoon.今天下午没有篮球赛。一般疑问式：Will there be.；Is/are there going to be.Will there be a basketball match this afternoon?=Is there going to be a basketball match this afternoon?今天下午有篮球赛吗？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式When will there be a basketball match?=When is there going to be a basketball match?什么时候有一场篮球赛？常见考法：1. 一般将来时结构例题：He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. Gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give2. There be 结构的一般将来时(肯定式)There _a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. Will be going to B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have一般过去时知识点总结 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.过去习惯性、经常性的动作/行为；I was very thin in my childhood.主语过去所具备的能力：I could play football when I was 9.特征：带有过去的时间状语eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.基本结构 肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其他 否定式：was/were+not; 在实义动词前加didnt，同时还原实义动词 一般疑问句：was/were提到句首； Did+主语+do+其他？ 例句She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 实义动词的一般过去式。 规则动词的变化规则： 1、直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed, 2、.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused, 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried 4、以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed 5、 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop stopped planplanned 不规则动词变化规则需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。(一般和过去分词一起记忆)。 第8页1. AAA型(多以d或t结尾)原形过去式过去分词readreadread阅读castcastcast 扔、投掷setsetset建立letletlet 让hithithit 打,击costcostcost值,化cutcutcut割,砍,切shutshutshut关闭putputput放,置hurthurt hurt伤害,受伤 2.ABB型(多以d或t结尾,少数以n,g,k结尾)paypaidpaid支付、赔laylaid laid产卵；放置(比较：lielaylain 躺,lieliedlied 说谎)saysaidsaid 说standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood理解lieliedlied 说谎telltoldtold告诉、讲sellsold sold 出售、卖holdheldheld扶、举、findfoundfound 发现havehad had有、拥有hearheardheard听说、听见fleefledfled逃走、逃亡leadledled导致、引导feedfedfed 喂养bleedbledbled流血 makemade made制作,使得catchcaughtcaught得、赶、抓住teachtaughttaught教bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought战斗、打架、打seeksoughtsought寻找、探寻thinkthoughtthought想、思考keepkeptkept保持sleepsleptslept睡觉oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头weepweptwept流泪sweepsweptswept打扫kneelkneltknelt下跪feelfeltfelt感觉、感到dealdealtdealt 处理meanmeantmeant 意思是、故意learnlearntlearnt /learnlearnedlearned学习spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱、破坏spillspiltspilt溢出;泼出spellspeltspelt /spelledspelled拼写smell-smelt-smelt/smelled-smelled 闻、嗅spitspatspat 吐痰lightlitlit / lightedlighted-lighted点灯、点燃 meetmetmet遇见leaveleftleft离开、遗忘、落下spendspentspent花费sendsentsent发送lendlent lent借出buildbuiltbuilt建造sitsatsat坐babysitbabysatbabysat照顾小孩shootshotshot射击winwonwon赢得shine-shone-shone / shined-shined 照耀 hanghunghung 悬挂（比较：hanghangedhanged上吊、处以绞刑）digdugdug挖strikestruckstruck打、敲 3、ABC型(过去分词多以n结尾,少数以m,ne,ng,nk结尾)drawdrewdrawn画、拖拉blowblewblown吹throwthrewthrown扔growgrewgrown成长、养、种knowknewknown知道flyflewflown飞 showshowedshown现身、出现、展示 getgotgotten / got 得到forgetforgotforgotten / got 遗忘 writewrotewritten 写rideroderidden 骑（马、车） eatateeaten 吃bitebitbitten咬hidehidhidden / hid 躲drivedrovedriven 开车、驱使、驱赶riseroserisen升起来givegavegiven 给shakeshook shaken 摇taketooktaken拿mistakemistookmistaken 弄错 wakewokewoken/woke 醒来breakbrokebroken打破speakspokespoken说freezefrozefrozen冰冻、冻结stealstolestolen偷choosechosechosen 选择fallfellfallen掉落、跌倒beginbeganbegun开始swimswamswum游泳ringrangrung闹铃singsangsung唱歌sinksanksunk / sunken 下沉drinkdrankdrunk 喝drunken喝醉的seesawseen看见bewas/werebeen 是teartoretorn 撕wearworeworn穿dodiddone 做gowentgone 去lielaylain 躺4. AAB 型(实际可归为AAA型)beatbeatbeaten / beat 心跳、连续击打5. ABA型comecame come 来becomebecamebecome变成、变得runranrun跑、运行6. AB型（情态动词只有过去式,没有过去分词）maymight 也许cancould能够shallshould 将要willwould 将要、想要基本用法： 1. 通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。 Eg. Sam phoned a moment ago. I got up at eight this morning. 2. 还可以表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。 Eg. Did the telephone ring? Who left the door open? 3. 也可以表示过去的习惯性动作。 Eg. I smoked 40 cigarettes a day till I gave up. 4. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语： yesterday, last week/Sunday/year, ago, just now 等eg. I met Lily yesterday. I went to Dalian last summer. I was a good student 5 years ago. He had dinner just now. 常见考法 1. 时态的正确运用。2. 动词过去式的正确变化，3. 一般过去时的句型构成。 误区提醒 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！ 典型例题1：I didnt know you_(be)in Paris. 解析：题干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here. 答案：were 现在进行时知识点总结 现在进行时，从字面上理解，就是“现在正在进行、发生的动作”，时间是“现在”，状态是“正在进行”。 “正在进行时”的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。一、现在进行时的构成 be+现在分词（v-ing） be为助动词，与主语的人称和数保持一致，现在分词变化规则： 1.动词后直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sitting, beginning,getting,putting，running，stopping，cutting ） 4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying 现在进行时基本构成： 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ ， 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？ 现在进行时的作用A正在发生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you. They are having a football match.B. 现阶段一直在进行的动作。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. He is preparing for CET Band Six.例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.准备或计划将来活动。 Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week. were flying to Paris tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?常见考法 运用时态的能力 典型例题1： Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? 解析：以 listen开头，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。所以应用is singing 过去进行时过去进行时主要表示过去某个时间里发生的持续动作或状态，由be动词的过去式加现在分词构成。过去进行时的构成肯定句：主语 + was/were + 现在分词. By the time we got there，it was already getting dark.等我们赶到那里时，天已经黑下来了。否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词. They were not playing basketball，but playing volleyball.他们不是在打篮球，而是打排球。一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词.? Were you having dinner when they came? Yes，we were./No，we werent.他们来的时候，你们是否在吃饭? 是的，在吃饭。/不，不在吃饭。（这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序）特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词.?All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那时，所有的小学生都在教室里写作业。过去进行时的基本用法1.表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作常和表示过去时间的状语如then（那时），at this（that）time（在这时/那时），yesterday（昨天），last year（去年）等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，此时需通过上下文来表示：What were you doing at about 4 oclock yesterday afternoon? I was listening to music.昨天下午4点钟左右你在做什么? 我在听音乐。Jane was working on her homework last night.简昨晚在写作业。2表示过去将要做的动作过去进行时亦可表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中：She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要离开此地了。（从过去某时间看）She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她问他晚饭是否回家来吃。（用于间接引语中）We were coming to see you，but it rained（so we didnt）.我们本预备来看你，只是下雨3 .表示习惯性动作，带有感情色彩（满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶）与always， forever，continually连用They were always quarrelling.4.表示客气的询问,与hope wonder连用。I was wondering about it.我对那事感到疑惑。I was wondering how to get there quickly/where to spend the weekend.我想知道怎样才能迅速到达那里/在何处度周末。5.与when while 连用While you were writing letters，I was reading a book.你写信的时候，我在看书。While we were having breakfast，John was talking on the tele-phone.我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打电话。过去进行时和一般过去时的区别动作不一定完成：David was writing a letter to his father.动作已完成:David wrote a letter to his father.有感情色彩：He was always changing his mind.过去的常态：He always went to work by bus last year.动作持续过程：It was raining heavily last night.动作发生过：It rained heavily last night.过去将来时1.宾语从句或间接引语中eg He didnt expect that we would all be there. 2.表示过去习惯性的动作eg During that period, he would do this every day.3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.过去完成时1.发生在“过去的过去”eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.现在完成时现在完成时是“过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响”而且“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”。基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(pp)（V-ed） eg done 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(pp)（V-ed）+宾语 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(pp)（V-ed）+宾语 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(pp)（V-ed）+宾语 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）1.表示截止现在业已完成的动作对新话题的影响eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need. 2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作eg She has been to the United States.3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 (动词为延续性动词)eg I have learned English for 8 years. (learn是延续性动词）hey have lived in Nantong since 1990.(live 是延续性动词）Mr.Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)与过去时区别：以下摘自维多利亚大学的官网ELC Study Zone: Present Perfect and Simple PastPresent Perfect and Simple PastHas the time period finishe