状语从句常考点清单2013.doc

状语从句考点归纳一 时间状语从句一、 when.while和as1when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作。如：When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore on Sundays我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended，the people went back 电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。*当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如： As a young man(=When he was a young man)，he was fondof hunting他年轻时，喜欢打猎。2while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。While 1 was wondering at this，our schoolmaster took his place正当我对此不解时，我们校长就座了。Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁。3as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。如：The students took notes as they listened学生们边听课边做笔记。*从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。例如： As the day went on/ by , the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 4when还表示原因或条件，“既然”。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes 既然你步行5分钟能到那里，却坐出租车，真够愚蠢的。How can they learn anything when (=if) they spend all their spare time watching television？他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了，还能学到什么东西呢？二、as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcelywhen和once(一就) 等从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：Once you remember it，you11 never forget itThe moment I heard the voiceI knew father was comingThe boy burst into tears immediately he saw his motherNo sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left注意：no soonerthan；hardlyscarcelywhen这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardlyscarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardlyscarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain三、till，until和notuntil1肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为做某事直至某时 、“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”， 译成“一直到为止”。如： He remained there until she arrived他一直留到她来。 You may stay here until the rain stops 你在这里可一直呆到雨停。2否定句：主句谓语动词为延续性或非延续性都可以，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”， 直至某时才做某事, 译成“直到才”。如： He wont go to bed tilluntil she returns 直到她回来他才睡。3强调句型：It is/was not untilthat(注意：till不能用于强调句型)如： It was not until the boss came in that they began to work直到老板进来，他们才开始工作。4. Not until置于句首时，主句主谓要倒装。(注意：till不能用于该句型)如：Not until midnight did he come back home直到午夜他才回来。5. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 四、before和since1若表达“才；还未就；不到就；趁；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he feh tired 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。Before I could get in a wordhe had measured me我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。2before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station，the train had gone他们(还没)到火车站前，火车已开走了。31）It will be/ was +一段时间+before. 多久之后才。如：It will be half a year before I come back半年后我才能回来。2）It will not be/ was not +一段时间+before. 没过多久就。如：It wont be long before the term comes to an end不久，这学期就要结束了。4since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如： I have written home four times since I came here自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。She has been working in this factory since she left schoo1 自从她离开学校，她就在这个工厂工作 5在“it is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three years since the war broke out 战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three years since she was in our class 她离开我们班有三年了。 j It is three years since he lived here他不在这儿住有三年了。 It is three years since Ismoked a cigar(=since Istopped smoking a cigar)我不吸烟有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”。应为：It is three years since I began to smoke五the first time，the second time，every time，each time， any time ，next time，the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示第次，每当；每次；上/下次”等。EveryEach time I was in trouble，he would come to help me outNext time you come，do remember to bring your son hereThe last time she saw James，he was lying in bedThe first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt nervousYou are welcome to come back any time you want to六、1、在时间状语从句中，用一般时态代替将来时态即用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：Ill let you know as soon as he arrives他一到，我就告诉你。2. 若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。before , after本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun had already hidden itself behind the mountain. 二 地点状语从句和原因状语从句一、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to go wherever you like 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will，there is a way有志者，事竞成。 2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have anyquestions(定语从句)*地点状语从句相当于“toinfrom the place(s)where”或“intofrom any place where”结构。如：Xiaofang is welcomed wherever she goes小芳不管走到哪里都受到欢迎。一般只要在地点状语从句中的引导词where前加上toinfrom the place，便可变为定语从句。如：Leave the book in the place where it is把这本书留在原处吧。二、原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that，for the reason that，in that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。如：一Whv are you absent from the meeting?一Because I am i11As it is raining，we shall not go to the parkNow thatSince everybody is here，lets begin our meeting2 because，as，since，for的用法区别1）because引导的是最主要、最直接而且不为人知的原因，语气最强，回答用why提问的句子只能用because引导。because引导的从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。它可以用于强调结构“It is becausethat”，还可以在because前加only，just来加强语气。这种从句常可简化成介词短语because of。如：She had to stay at home because she was ill因为她病了，所以只能待在家里。2）as引导的是较为明显的原因，语气较because弱。as引导的从句常常位于主句之前。如：As you object，Ill change the plan由于你反对，我将改变计划。3）since引导的是明摆着的、大家都知道的事实，其引导的状语从句也常位于主句之前。如：Since you are busy ,Ill do it for you既然你忙，我来替你做吧。4）for(并列连词)引导的是一种推测或附加说明，语气较弱，其引导的从句总是位于主句之后，且常用逗号与主句隔开。如：It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet昨晚一定下过雨吧，因为地面是湿的。*由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。 3其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。三 让步状语从句和条件状语从句一、 让步状语从句1其引导词有：while ，though，although，even though，even if，as，whetheror not，whether or not，whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever，whosever，whenever，wherever，however等。如：l11 try many times，even ifthough I may fail即使我可能会失败，我也要进行多次尝试。-What number has nothing left if you take a half from it?-The number is 8, because only 0 is left whether you take away the top half or the bottom half.哪个数如果你拿走一半什么也剩不下？数字8，因为不管你拿走上半部分还是下半部分只剩下0。A man bitten by a dog, no matter whether the animal is mad or not, is apt to get mad himself.被狗咬了，不管是不是疯狗，人很容易疯。No matter how much you do, you can never do enough.不管你做了多少工作，你总是做得不够。No matter how hard you try, you cant fall off the floor! 不管你多努力，你也从地板上摔不下去。Whatever advice you give, be brief.不管你要给我什么建议，要简短。Whatever bad things people say about Him, our poor old God is unable to defend Himself. 不管人们说上帝什么坏话，我们可怜年迈的上帝都不能为自己辩护。2thoughalthough的用法：主句可用still或yet，但不可用but。although不可作副词，而though则可以。如：Though it was raining hard，they still worked hard in the fields尽管雨下得很大，他们还是在田里干得很起劲。（连词）-Nice day, isnt it? （好天气，是吧？） -Yes, a bit cold, though.(adv.)（对，不过有点冷。）He said he would come; he didnt, though.though用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。3However引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。However amusing the story is，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week4. while 一般用在句首，表示“尽管”While I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.While(=Though) I like the color of the hat, I dont like its shape.5.as引导让步状语从句常见的几种倒装方式1）如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”，常将从句中的副词提前到从句的句首。如：Hard as you may try，you will not succeed2）如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”，常将这个不及物动词提前到从句的前面。如：Wait as you may，he will not see you3）如果从句的谓语部分为“系动词+形容词”，则常将形容词提到从句的句首。 如：Proud as the noble are，they are afraid to see me4）如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”，则常将这个表语名词提前，但这个名词前面的不定冠词要省略。如：Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong二、条件状语从句1其引导词有：if，unless，asso long as，once（一旦），in case(that)，on condition that，supposing(that)，providing(that)，given(that) 。如： Take an umbrella with you in case it rains带把雨伞，以防下雨。2在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：You11 fall behind the others unless you study hard如果你不努力学习，你将落后于其他人。3. 注意“The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语动词, the + 比较级+ 主语 + 谓语动词”这一句型结构中的词序。如：The more books you read, the happier you will feelAs far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are. 就我而论，教育说的就是学习，学得越多，为未来的人生准备得就越充分。这一句型结构中的前半部分相当于一个条件状语从句。.the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are .相当于.if you learn more, you are more equipped for life. 四 目的状语从句和结果状语从句一、目的状语从句1其引导词有：in order that，so that，for fear(that)，in case等。如：He got up early in order that he could get there in time他早早起床以便能及时赶到那里。2在目的状语从句中常含有maymightwillwouldshallcancould等。如上例。3当主句和从句的主语一致时，目的状语从句可以与表目的不定式或介词短语转换。如：We11 sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better可以转化为：Well sit in the front of the hall (so asin order)to hear better二、结果状语从句1结果状语从句一般置于句尾，其引导词或短语有： so （that），such that， sothat，suchthat等。如：He made such a big noise that everybody was surprised他发出一声巨响， 让大家都很惊讶。2sothat的用法。 (1)so+形容词副词+that (2)so manyfewmuchlittle（多/少）+相应形式的名词+that (3)so+形容词+aan+可数名词单数+that如：He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family他挣钱那么少，不能养活他的家庭。 There were so many people in the room that I couldnt get in房间里有那么多人，以致我进不去。Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以致我们都相信他。3suchthat的用法。 (1) such+形容词+不可数名词+that (2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that (3) such+aan+形容词+可数名词单数+that 如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以致我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park天气这么好，我们都想去公园。 It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain这么小的虫子吃这么点粮食并不令人奇怪。注意：so tha引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别：1当表达的含义是“为了，以便”时，为目的状语从句，此时，从句的谓语部分通常有情态动词；当表达“以至于，因此”时，为结果状语从句。如：They set out early so that they arrived in time他们出发得很早，所以及时到达了。(结果)2当从句之前的sothat可用in order that代替时，为目的状语从句；反之，为结果状语从句。如：Lets take the front seats so that(in order that)we may see clearly咱们坐在前排吧，这样可以看得清楚些。五 比较状语从句和方式状语从句一、比较状语从句1同级比较：常用“asas”结构。第二个as后的从句即为比较状语从句，从句有时以省略形式 呈现。如：He is as tall as you are他和你一样高。2不同级比较：常用“not assoas”结构。如：Music is not so difficult as English音乐不如英语难。3差级或高级比较：常用“than”结构。than后的从句为比较状语从句。如：I can run faster than you(can)我比你跑得快。4倍数表示法：倍数句型主要有以下三种： (1)A istimes as+形容词+as B；(2)A istimes+形容词比较级+than B；(3)A is times the sizelengthwidthheightdepth，etc+of B。如：Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CDAB线段的长是CD线段的3倍。5. 倍数as many/much 名词asAmericans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.二、方式状语从句1方式状语从句一般位于句尾，其引导词有：as，as if，as though等。如：When at Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗。2as ifas though的用法。 (1)当这两个连接词引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时通常用虚拟语气。 现在的情况用过去时态，过去情况用过去完成时态。如：He speaks English as if he were an Englishman他说起英语来就像一个地道的英国人。She behaved as if she were the boss.六 状语从句的紧缩（省略）现象有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或不一致，是it或there)，从句的谓语动词又包含动词be，那么从句中的“主语+be”部分可以省略。一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式Dont speak until (you are )spoken to有人对你说话时你再说。While (I was )in BeijingI paid a visit to the Summer Palace在北京时，我参观颐和园。I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever(it is) possible 可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。As (he was)a young man,Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and apostmaster亚伯拉罕林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长。When(he was)still a child of eight，he had to work day and nightHe often makes mistakes when (he was) speaking English 说英语时他常出错。-What animal eats with its tail?-All animals do. No one takes off its tail while eating.什么动物用尾巴吃东西？（故意理解成：什么动物带着尾巴吃东西？）所有动物，没有动物吃东西时把尾巴拿下来。When angry, count to ten before you speak. If very angry, count to a hundred.生气时不数到10不要开口，如果非常生气要数到100再开口。二、条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式If forced to choose between the prison and the White House for four years, I would say the prison, thank you.如果被迫在四年白宫生活和监狱之间作出选择，我会说监狱，谢谢你。Come tomorrow if (it is)possible可能的话就明天来吧。I11 buy a TV set if necessary如有必要，我就买一台电视机。If so,you must go back and get it如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。I have no money. If (there is)any, I will lend you some. Unless repaired，the machine is of no use 这台机器如不修便毫无用处。三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式The inspector looked round，as if(he was)looking for something这位检查员四处张望，好像在寻找什么。He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 Some flowers shut up at night as if (they were)to sleep. He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒 She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。四、地点、让步状语从句中的紧缩形式Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary 在需要的地方填上冠词。 Though cold，he still wore a shirt 天气虽然冷，但他仍然只穿一件衬衫。2009 年 高 考 状 语 从 句1.（北京卷22）You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if2.（四川卷12）Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himselfA. until B. since C. unless D. while3.（四川卷20）Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when4.（江苏卷31） _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until5.（福建卷 33）She had just finished her homework_ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. Ks5A. when B. while C. after D. since 6.（湖南卷 34）_ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 7.（辽宁卷）D 30. It just isnt fair._ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.A whenever B though C for D while8.（山东卷28）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who9.（山东卷32）- Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? -_it doesnt min.A. Until B. While C. Once D. If10.（陕西卷13）My parents dont mind what job I do_I am happy . A even though B as soon as C as long as D as though 11.（全国卷II 10）All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless12.（浙江卷8）The medicine works more effectively_ you drink some hot water after taking it.A as B until C although D if 13.（重庆卷27）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where B. that C. why D. when2010 年 高 考 状 语 从 句1. ( 2010全国卷卷I 25). Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B although C. while D. as if2. ( 2010全国卷卷I 30). The little boy wont go to sleep _his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether3. (2010全国卷II 7). Tom was about to close the windows_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till4. (2010安徽卷29). The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. wherever B. Whenever C. even if D. as if 5. (2010安徽卷33). Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until6. (2010北京卷30). they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once7. (2010福建卷26).The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her .A. before B. until C. as D. since8. (2010湖南卷32). Tim is in good shape physically_ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as9. (2010江西卷22). Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter you enjoyed yourselves.A. as long as B. unless C. as soon asD. though10. (2010辽宁卷29). The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if11. (2010山东卷28). The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless12. (2010陕西卷20). John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since13. (2010四川卷20). Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D