必修4动名词和现在分词.doc

动名词和现在分词在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。动名词（the Gerund）和现在分词（the Present Participle）都是非谓语动词。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。动名词和现在分词在句子中能够做的成分：主语表语宾语定语状语补语同位语动名词可以可以可以可以（极少）可以现在分词可以可以可以可以动名词和现在分词的用法：（一）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1. 动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 动名词Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（一般式）He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（被动式）We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。（完成式）He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（完成被动式）I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（否定式）2. 动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Its no use crying. 哭是没用的。2）作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of,dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keep from, stop（from）, protectfrom,set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to,object to, pay attention to, insist on4）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。5）作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（二）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1. 现在分词的形式：分词主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written否定式：not + 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子还是犯了同一个错误。2. 现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed，the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking.2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others.作为是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子弄掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。补充： 后接不定式或动名词的词在英语中，有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，有的只能接动名词作宾语，有的既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义相近；有的既能接动名词又能接不定式，但意义不同。大家在学习非谓语动词的时候，一定要注意记忆和积累。下面把这些常用词进行一个归类，大家在学习的过程中还可以继续补充。1） 只能接不定式的动词：decide, determine; learn; want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care pretend,offer; promise, choose, plan, agree; ask, beg, help 如：I decided to visit my grandparents this weekend.这周末我打算去看望我的爷爷奶奶。I wish to have a long holiday.我希望有个长假。2） 只能接动名词的动词和短语consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off,fancy, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape, cant stand,give up, get down to, be used to, feel like, object to 如：I am considering moving to the countryside.我在考虑是否搬到乡下住。The bird escaped being shot.那只鸟幸免一死。3） 既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义基本相近的词love, like, start, begin, continue如：I love to go shopping. / I love going shopping.我喜欢购物。He continued to do his homework after dinner.He continued doing his homework after dinner.晚饭后他继续写作业。4） 既能接动名词又能接不定式，且意义不同的词stop to do 停下来做某事stop doing 停止做某事remember to do 记着去做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事forget to do 忘记做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事try to do努力做某事 try doing试试做某事regret to do 遗憾 regret doing 后悔做过某事mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着如：I regret telling him the news.我后悔告诉他这个消息。I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.我很遗憾的告诉你，你这次考试没及格。现在分词和动名词练习（1）现在分词1. The old farmer,_ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of theburning house, _for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called 2. - Oh, its already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? - Well go on with the matter_ this afternoon. A. be discussedB. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,_ his young wife nothing but a_ cottage. A. left; breakingB. leaving; broken C. left; brokenD. to leave; breaking 4. _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been workedB. Not to have worked C. Having never workedD. Never have worked 5._the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passingB. Having passed C. Not passingD. Not having passed 6. Time_, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7._, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lostB. The key been lost C. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key 8. _into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translatedD. Having been translated 9. _for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. _from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. _from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. _with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou_. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group_itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. _you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light_ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda cant attend the party_ at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party_ at Maries house tomorrow. A. being held; to be heldB. to be held; held C. held; being heldD. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more _than ever. Im _about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 19. When_ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find 20. _her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 21. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having22. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung24. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 25. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.Being separatedB. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hopekey: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC 16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB（2）动名词1. No one enjoys_at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in 3. They insisted on_another chance to try.A. given B. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_it with you all the time.A. to put; to take B. putting ;taking C. putting ;to take D. to put ;taking 5. His room needs_, so he must have it .A. painting; paintedB. painted; paintingC. painting; painting D. painted; painted 6. After finishing his homework he went on_a letter to his parents.A.writeB.writingC.wrote D.to write 7. The young trees we planted last week require_with great care.A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8. Only_English doesnt mean_the language.A.to learn; to learn B.learning; learningC.learning about; learn D.learning about; learning 9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_.A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed 10. She decided to devote herself_the problem of old age.A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study 11. Remember_the newspaper when you have finished it. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_from me, please remember_this letter on your way to school. A.hear; post B.hearing; to post C.be heard; posting D.be hearing; to posting 13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_your handwriting.A.to readB.to see C.readingC.in seeing 14. Writing stories and articles_what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were 15. We appreciate_us to the ball.A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. Would you mind_quiet for a moment? Im trying_a form.A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out 17. He was afraid_for being late.A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen 18. Id like to suggest_the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19. I dont see how I could possibly manage_the work without .A. finish; helping B. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helping D. finishing; being helped 20. Anything worth_is worthy of_well.A.doing; being done B. doing; doingC. to be done; to be done D. to be don