漫谈被动语态的使用.doc

漫谈被动语态的使用【例句展示】1. We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students from the school. 2. Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to be killed unless they get help.3. I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times.4. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.5. Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.6. These feelings can be thought of as growing pains - the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults.7. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.8. This kind of cloth washes easily. It is popular with young ladies, so it sells well.9. This is an extraordinary technology that deserves developing further.10. Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study.【知识归类】一般说来，当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者时，句子的谓语需用被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随主语的人称和数及句子时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式如下表：一般现在时am / is / are done 过去完成时had been done一般过去时was / were done一般将来时shall / will be done 现在进行时am / is / are being done过去将来时should / would be done过去进行时was / were being done将来完成时shall / will have been done现在完成时has / have been done过去将来完成时should / would have been done【特别提示】1. 在被动语态中，动作的执行者往往置于by之后（如例句1），但在不必指出执行者是谁、执行者并不重要或很难指出执行者是谁时，一般不提及执行者（如例句2等）。2. 将来时的被动语态还可用“be going to be + 动词的过去分词”或“be + to be + 动词的过去分词”结构（如例句2）。3. 情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be动词的过去分词”构成（如例句3）。4. have, make, let, see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe, look at, listen to等后面接不定式作宾语补语时，不定式要省略to，但在被动结构中，省去的to还要补上（如例句4）。5. “get + 动词的过去分词”也可以表示被动语态， get相当于助动词be（如例句5）。6. 由“动词介词 / 副词”构成的动词词组用于被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，不可分开，且其中的介词或副词也不能省略（如例句6）。7. believe, consider, expect, hope, know, report, say, suggest, suppose, think等动词常用于 “Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词不定式”的句型中（如例句7）。8. 动词break, catch, clean, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等在用来描述主语（某一事物）的特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义（如例句8）。9. deserve, need, require, want, be worth之后可接动词-ing的主动形式表示表动意义（如例句9）。10. 有些动词常用在“b