《写作技巧培养》doc版.docVIP

写作技巧培养1. 措辞 （1）选择生动准确的词 词是语言的基本单位，人们要表达思想，就要选择适当的词语，这是写作的基本要求。 词可分为一般概念的词（general words）和具体概念的词（specific words）。表示一般概念的词含义模糊；表示具体概念的词含义明确，表达准确，生动形象。写作时合理地使用具体概念的词能够使句子表达的意思准确，内容生动，更富有感染力。试比较下面各组句子： A few houses were destroyed yesterday （general） Five houses burnt down yesterday （specific） His relatives gave him two gifts（general） His aunt and uncle gave him a watch and a Pen as the birthday gifts。（specific） Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside（general） Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room（specific） 上面各组句中，第一个句子抽象概括，给人以空泛的感觉：第二个句子用词具体，有个件，使人感到意思确切，生动逼真。 （2）使用英语成语和习语 人们在长期使用语言的过程中，积累了大量的习惯表达法。这些成语、习语内涵丰富，语言生动活泼。文章中适当地使用这类短语，可避免语言的单调贫乏，使句子生动而富于内涵。如： George has lost his social position since his business failed 可改为：George has come down in the world since his business failed Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have more important business to attend to 可改为：Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have other fish to fry （3）用词的宽度 用词的宽度可以反映出写作者所掌握的词汇量。如果一个人掌握的词汇量大，那么当表达同一概念有不同的表达方法时，则可以换一种说法。如： The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake of learning Students,however,hold that forbidding love among college students is no-good 这两句话里，谓语分别用了maintain和hold。如果将它们换为think，所表达的意思相同，但用词宽度则不如原文。这两句话中for the sake of，give up, is no good等都是用词宽度的表现。 所以在英语写作中有意识地适当增加用词宽度既能体现学以致用的原则又能使文章取得良好效果。2. 句子 英语中，同一思想用不同句式表达，其效果会大不相同。要想写出好的文章，就要不断地变化句子的结构形式。 （1）长短句交替使用 句子的长短是为表达思想服务的。英语短句结构简单，意思明白具有生动活泼而又干脆利索的表达效果，而长句结构复杂，信息丰富，能表达成熟的思想与复杂的概念。一味地使用长句或短句会使文章显得单调，乏味，从而影响文章的总体效果。科学地交替使用长短句使句子结构变化多样，不仅给文章带来顿挫起伏的语言美感，而且可以受到理想的修辞效果。请看下面的这段话： She returned to her officeThere was a note under the door. It was from Mr. MayHe said he was waiting for her in the coffee roomAnd he bad not found her sisterHe was sorry to have missed her. 这段话用了一连串的短句，读起来单调呆板，平淡无味。为使文字更加生动，意思更加明确可改为： When she returned to her office，the found a note from Mr May under the doorHe said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadnt found her sister yet.Headded that he was sorry to have missed her （2）句子开头的多样化 “主-谓-宾”、“主-系-表”是英语的基本句型，主语领先句也是用得最多的句型。写作中为避免形式单一，当句子可以用主语开头，同时又可以其它结构开头时，不妨变换一下。如： Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps（分词短语做状语开头） There are two ways in which one can own a book（ there be句型开头） Equally important is a good habit of reading（表语开头） 以上各句都可以用主语开句，但在篇章中通过改变句子开头，文章就会疏落有致，语言形式丰富多采。 （3）句子结构的多样化 写作中可以通过句型结构的变化来增添文采，强化表现力。如： The love of the liberty is the love of the others; the love of power is the love of ourselves （平行结构这类结构整齐、紧凑；句子生动、鲜明，语义贯通、语势强劲有力。） The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are gone.（这样表达文字通顺，但语意不很突出。） 改为：Gone are the days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation（采用倒装句结构后，充分体现出受剥削受压迫的人民解放后扬眉吐气的心情。） 最后，还要注意：不要写破句，应该把句子写完整；同样的意思可用一句话表达的，就不要再添上二三句话来反复说明、凑字数；所用动词（谓语）一定要与它的主语保持一致；没有必要用逗号的地方就不该用；如果一个长字（句）与一个短字（句）同一个意思，则应采用后者为佳。3. 段落在段落的写作方面，重点放在如何灵活利用信号词展开段落主题句，并强调段落的逻辑连贯性。（1）确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一个段落的开头，而后，全段对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： 归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 提炼出一句具有概括性的话 主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。这方面应注意的是，既然主题句是表达作者观点的句子，所以不应过细。否则展开就很困难，往往言之无物，说些空话、大话。（2）段落的单一性和连贯性如果一段文章不注意内容的单一性和意思的连贯性，它一定是杂乱无章。一段文章应该只说明一个问题，或一个问题的某一方面；应该只叙述一件事情，或一件事情的某一个阶段。为了写好段落，通常的写法是：在一段的开头用一句话点出本段的中心意思，即“主题句”（topic sentence）。然后，用几句来证明、解释、或发挥这个中心意思，最后，再用一句把本段的意思小结一下。（3）恰当使用话语标记语，呈现连贯性语篇 在很多同学看来，作文仿佛是句子的任意堆砌。他们不知构成语篇的句子必须是相互关联的，而这些关联必须借助连接词来实现。同学在如何区分表示转折、递进、因果、让步等各种关系的话语标记语上缺少训练，通常分不清语篇间的逻辑语义关系，在行文中用错或选错标记语。我们应积极养成习惯，思考句与句之间存在的逻辑关系，熟练掌握英语连接词：递进： furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, then, whats more，what was worse ，once more,etc； 转折 ：however, but, nevertheless, afterwards,etc； 总结： finally, at last, in brief, to conclude, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end ，etc； 强调： really, indeed, certainly, surely, above all, etc； 比较、对比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand ； 并列： and, also, as well as, and then ； 顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next； 时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later, before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then； 结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately； 解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, according to this, for this reason .4. 篇章（1）篇章开头方法 对立法： 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the former/latter .) Now, it is generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.现象法： 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 。Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause / aroused public /popular /wide /worldwide concern. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of . has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention). Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.观点法：开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/ popular than. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点。 Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . Education is not complete with graduation. Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. How often we hear such statements/words like theses/this .In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .比较法： 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点。 For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a Freshlook now. With the growing . , people . . People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new .故事法：先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题 Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of. has aroused public concern. I have a friend who . Should he . Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life Once upon a time, there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.问题法：先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.Should/What . Options of . vary greatly , some ., others . But in my opinion , .（2）主体展开方法原因结果分析型基本原因：分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. Why . For one thing. For another . The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing. For another. Still another . A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect ./both individual and social contribute to . 另一原因 ：在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用Another important factor is . . is also responsible for the change/problem. Certainly , the . is not the sole reason for . 后果影响： 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on. In involves some serious consequence for . 比较对照句型两者比较：比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.两者相同/相似：比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用 A and B have several things in common. They are similar in that. A bears some striking resemblances to B.（3）篇章结尾方式结论型：通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .后果型- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. We must call for an immediate method, because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of . Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger .号召型： 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of . It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency建议型： 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is . Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 方向型的结尾方式：其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty, but .意义型的结尾方式：文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义 Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .写作练习方法1. 通过背诵训练写作选编并背诵一些精彩的句子或段落。这样做既可培养英语语感，了解英语作文的发展方式，又可模仿句型进行练习。时间长了我们就能了解英美人的思维方式，也只有顺应了这种思维逻辑，写出的文章才会接近英语表达的习惯。2. 通过仿写训练写作仿写是提高英语写作能力行之有效的方法，在模仿写作中，格式、构思、表达方式等都可模仿，但要提醒学生注意创新变通，语句要通顺，符合英语表达习惯。仿写前要从时态、句型、内容选材等方面对学生加以辅导，指导学生怎样模仿，尤其要注意时态。3. 通过改写训练写作改写也是一种很好的方法。改写就是对文章材料的文体、式样、句式等进行改编的一种训练方式。无论是改人称、改时态，还是改对话材料为叙述文字，都有助于学生复习巩固所学知识，培养学生所学知识的迁移运用能力，还能起到提高学生的写作能力的作用。4. 通过多写英语摘要训练写作英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文，这不是简单的摘录，而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。5. 学会拟写提纲训练写作提纲是写作训练进入段落阶段经常采用的一种方法。为了在写作时做到重点明确，条理清楚，在动笔之前先计划一下。更重要的是要明确究竟打算写什么，想说明什么问题，达到什么结论，用什么事实或理由来证明这个结论。根据文章要表现的不同内容，可以选择不同的顺序提纲。既可以按事件发生的先后顺序，也可以按原因结果的顺序，或者按事项重要程度的顺序，甚至可以倒装顺序。总之，写提纲，一则可以检查对题目理解的状况，二则可以把已形成的思维用文字表达出来，三则使思想条理化，写起来更为容易。写作常见语法错误分析下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析 1. 不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为: Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)2. 修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末.3. 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析:本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.四. 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时,但没有说明 谁十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.改为: When I was ten, my grandfather died.5. 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)词性误用常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.例1. None can negative the importance of money.剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词.改为: None can deny the importance of money.6. 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘.)读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘.如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了.这个句子可改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.7. 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence 请看下面的例句.例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:There are many ways. 以及We get to know the outside world.简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为: There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.8. 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯.他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用.所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是.例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染.)剖析:显然,考生把obstacles障碍,障碍物误作substance物质了.另外the increasing use (不断增加的使用) 应改为abusive use (滥用)。改为: The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. 9. 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵.写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子.能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子.如:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的the fact that he is lazy系同谓语从句,我们按照上述能用词组的不用从句可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him.例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析:整个句子可以大大简化. 改为: Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.10. 不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通.这也是考生常犯的毛病.例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯.It 与things 在数方面不一致.改为: Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.11. 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓综合性语言错误,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误.例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, ours eat, cloth, live, go etc.写作应试技巧1. 高等学校英语应用能力考试 (A级)评分标准（1）本题按综合方式评分，从格式、表达和语言三方面衡量，只给一个分数，即给印象分(global/impression marking)。（2）评分时应以考生应得(rewarding)分数评定，不要以扣分(penalty)方式评定。（3）分数可分为5个等级，即： 14分：格式正确；内容完整，表达清楚；语言上仅有很少的小错。 11分：格式基本正确；内容较完整，表达尚清楚；有一些语言错误，可以有个别句子结构上错误。 8分：格式基本正确；内容大体完整，表达可勉强理解；有较多的语言错误，包括少量严重错误。 5分：格式勉强正确；内容不完整，但是没有离题；表达有较大困难；语言有很多错误，有一些是严重错误。 2分：格式不正确；内容表达不清楚；语言支离破碎，仅有个别句子尚正确。2. 了解高等学校英语应用能力考试 (A级)写作部分英语应用能力A级考试占总分的15%，测试时间为25分钟。高等学校英语应用能力考试写作的测试不同于一般的写作测试，它主要是测试考生应用文写作的能力，而且涵盖了主要的应用文写作种类。常见的应用文包括信函、履历表、申请表、协议书、招贴、电子邮件及传真等，考生在考试中应根据每种给定的应用文的具体要求及格式进行书写。书写方式包括套写、书写和填写。所写内容应简明扼要，能正确表达思想，格式规范，无语法错误且书写工整。下面介绍几种典型的应用文格式。（1）信函英语信函分为私人书信与商务书信。不论是私人书信还是商务书信，均包括以下几项：信头（发信人的地址位于信纸的右上角，并按由小到大的顺序排列，即从门牌号依次写到国名）；发信日期（紧接在信头的下方）；收信人姓名、地址； 称呼； 正文； 结束语； 署名。（2） 履历表（Resume /Curriculum Vitae） 履历表（或简历）是对个人经历的简单陈述，是求职的必备文件。一般来说，英文履历表可有下列三种格式：Chronological(经历型)，这种格式强调工作经历、学历、工作时间及头衔，可将所有相关的工作经历按时间顺序倒序列出，即把最近的放在最前面，依次类推。Functional（功能型），按照功能格式组织的简历强调申请人的技能技巧，而非工作经历。Combination(混合型)，是上述两种格式的综合，可先罗列一些技能与成就，然后简短地按时间顺序表述工作经历。一般的履历表包括一下基本内容标题（Heading）及目标(Objective)个人资料(Personal Data)个人资料包括个人详细资料、学历（Education）、工作经历（Work Experience）和主要成就（Main Achievements）.个人详细资料包括求职者的姓名、通信地址、电话号码、传真号码、电子邮件等。学历部分包括就读过的学校、取得的学历及毕业时间。工作经历要列出曾做过的工作、单位的名称及地址。主要成就一项中列出自己认为有助于证明自己能力的信息，如奖学金，获奖情况、特殊技能、业余爱好及社团兼职等。证明人（References）列出可以证明自己经历的若干证明人及联系方式。（3）求职信（Application Letter）（4）协议书 （Contract）（5）招贴（Bills）招贴包括启事（Notices）、通知(Announcements)和便条(Notes)。3. 考试技巧（1） 合理分配时间和运用时间可以将考试作文部分的时间分割成三大块。先用5分钟左右的时间审题；然后用15到20分钟的时间写作文；最后用剩下的时间浏览全文，对某些错误稍做修改。审题期间要解决的问题有：分清题型、揣摩题意、列出提纲。 分清题型：是指拿到题后，分析该题目是议论文、说明文、记叙文、或是书信通知类的文体，以及题目中所给的信息是段首句、提纲、还是图表或关键词。 揣摩题意：是指根据题目中的一些词汇信息，来确定文章的主题，限定写作范围。比如，Who should be responsible for old people? 从这个题目可知核心点是“who”（谁）和 “responsible ”（责任），即谁对老年人应该负有什么样的责任。 列出提纲：是在分清题型和确定写作范围之后，对文章要涉及到的内容列出提纲。列提纲并不是打草稿，因为在并不充裕的时间里，打草稿不现实，而是草拟一个详细的提纲，利用题目中所给的关键词理顺思路，用自己已经掌握的材料将其完善。（2） 依据提纲写作 文章统一、完整、重点突出考生写出的文章要结构健全，给人以整体感；重要语篇应分段，且段落划分得体，长短合理（一般以三、四段为宜）；重要段落要有主题句、扩展句和结尾句，主题句是段落的灵魂，起着提纲挈领的作用。 衔接连贯、自然严谨是指文章中句与句之间、段与段之间语义紧凑，逻辑顺畅。要想实现这一目标，就必须注意在句与句之间、段与段之间合理使用过渡性词语，使文章层次分明并且浑然一体。 用词准确、句型多变语言使用的准确性与规范性主要涉及两个方面：一是遣词，二是造句。在遣词上，可以从三个方面入手：首先，确保拼写正确。英语是一种拼音文字，其组成字母的顺序稍有改变，意思就可能大相径庭。其次，选词尽可能准确，不仅表意准确，还应该根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式。 前后词语的搭配问题如：我们通常说quit ones job而resign ones position。又如：在修饰 amount、number这些名词时，用large而不用big。一篇好的文章要具备多个组成条件，除了内容丰富、结构严谨、用词恰当外，句子的处理也起着决定性作用。同一个意义，可以选用不同的句式、句型来表达。因此，要避免使用一系列简单句，应将其中次要部分列入从属结构，这样可使句子的结构清楚，主次分明。（3） 浏览全文、检查文章文章完成后，接下来的检查和润色工作可以把文章的错误降至最低。修改和润色的内容主要涉及以下几个方面： 时态、主谓、人称的一致性； 名词单复数形式； 冠词的用法； 分清词性和修饰语的位置； 句子要完整连贯、结构正确； 单词拼写、大小写和标点符号； 恰当的字数和清洁的卷面。 英文书信常用语1. 开首语 Pardon me, though a stranger to you personally, for taking liberty to address you these few lines. As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious. I must apologize for not having written to you previously. Please pardon my long in writing to you. Pardon me for neglect when you honored me with a visit the other day. Having mislaid your address, I have not been able to reply sooner. Your letter of the 4th this month was duly received. I have the pleasure to tell you that. I have just received your kind letter. Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning. 2. 结束语 Please notify me soon. Looking forward to a prompt reply. Please do not fail to write to me. I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience. I look for your answer in a few days. Let me hear if you receive the parcel safely. As the season grows colder, I hope you will take good care of yourself. With kind regards to your family. Please give my compliments to your family. Pray give my best remembrances to Mr. Brown. My parents ask also to add their best thanks to mine. Adieu till then. Thanking you for the past favor. I think you for the trouble you have taken. Hoping you will have a pleasant trip. Wishing you a pleasant journey. The help yo