想象比知识更重要天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十.doc

Unit 1 Making a DifferenceI. Teaching Aims 1. Talk about science and scientists; 2. Talk about people; 3. Practise describing people and debating; 4. Learn more about the infinitive; 5. Write a descriptive paragraph;II. Teaching time: four periodsIII. Background InformationThe Beginning of Time and a Remarkable Man Called Stephen HawkingIf you have even thought about how the universe began and whether time has a beginning or an ending, then you should know about a 55-year-old Englishman called Stephen Hawking. Why? Because he is considered to be one of the brainiest men in the world and to be the modern successor of Albert Einstein. Stephen has spent his life studying and thinking about the origins f the universe and how it can be explained by using the modern theories of physics such as relativity and quantum mechanics. His discoveries and his scientific proposals have been revolutionary. People call him a genius. Just as amazing is the fast that since his early twenties, he has been suffering from an incurable disease of the nervous system which has affected his movements and his speech. But, fortunately, although he must use a wheelchair and other technical aids to do things, his brain functions perfectly. Indeed, it functions better than the vast majority of peoples. So, in sprite of a severe disability, he has made tremendous contributions to our understanding of our universe. So what does Stephen think about the beginning of our world? Well, he thinks that it began around fifteen billion years ago. He also thinks that our universe was probably created by an enormous explosion, a “Big Bang”. This is a view held by many cosmologists (scientists who study the universe). But scientists hold different view about what the universe was like before the Big Bang. Some people think that there is no way that modern physics can explain or predict anything before the Big Bang. Many other people think that the Big Bang must have been the work of God. Stephen Hawking has his own view on what the universe was like before the big bang. He has suggested that, yes, we can say that the universe began at one particular point (a big bang). But, this one point was just an ordinary point in time like, say, the North Pole is a point on the smooth surface of the earth. It was not a point of real beginning, just a point. Stephen believes that if we can use our present knowledge of the laws of physics to understand how the universe bean, then we will not have to believe that a “God” or a spiritual force made the Big Bang. What do you think about our beginnings? If you would like to read more about Stephens ideas on the origins of the universe, then you should read his best seller A Brief History of Time. In sprite of his difficult illness and his confinement to a wheelchair, Stephen Hawking works as a professor of mathematics at Cambridge, holding the same position held by another famous scientist, Isaac Newton, in 1663. It may be that the name Hawking just as well known in history as that of his famous predecessor. The First PeriodI. Teaching Aims: 1. Learn and master the following words:analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within, genius, inspiration, perspiration, obvious, quote, gravity, radioactivity, biologist; phrases: be known for, no doubt that. 2. Talk about science and scientists; 3. Listen to the description of some scientists; 4. Do some speaking, describing people and debating. II. Teaching Important Points: 1. Train the students listening ability by listening practice. 2. Train the students speaking ability by talking about science and scientists, describing people and debating. III. Teaching Difficult Points: 1. How to improve the students listening ability; 2. How to help the students finish the task of speaking. IV. Teaching Methods:1. Warming up to arouse the students interest in science; 2. Listening and answering activity to help the students go through the listening material; 3. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class. V. Teaching Aids:1. A tape recorder;2. The blackboard;VI. Teaching ProceduresStep 1 GreetingsT: Good morning. Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang. Step2 Warming UpT: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. Now please make a list of the names of some scientists and their contributions. Write them down on a piece of paper. After a while, Ill collect your answers. (Teacher goes among the students. After a while, collect your answers.)Ss: What great scientists do you know? And what are they famous for? .S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph. .T: Well done, I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist? Have a discussion and make a list of what you have already known and what you would like to know. Discuss it in pairs or in groups of four. After a while, I will ask some of you to report the results of your discussion. (Three minutes later, teacher begins to collect the results of their discussion.)T:Who would like to tell me what makes a successful scientist? Any volunteer? S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard working. .T: Now open your books on page1, there are some photos of some famous scientists. Look at these pictures and you should try to tell me who they are. T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture1? S: Albert Einstein. T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me? S: 想象比知识更重要。天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。 T: Good. Do you agree with him? S: Yes T: Now look at the picture under pictuer1. Do you know who he is? S:He is Alfred North Whitehead. I dont know him that much. T: Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) was a British philosopher and mathematician. What does this sentence mean? S: 分析明显的事物需要非凡的头脑。T: This sentence means most people dont question the things we take granted, but great scientists will be curious and tend to ask questions that others never think of. Who is in the next picture? S: She is Marie Curie. T: Do you understand the sentence she said? Can you tell me the sentence in Chinese? S: 生活中没有什么可怕的， 只是要去理解他们。T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture4? S: Thomas Alva Edison. T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me? S: 天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 T: Good. Do you agree with him? S: Yes T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture5? S: Galileo Galilei. T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me? S: 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。 T: Good. Do you agree with him? S: Yes T: Now we have learnt some quotes, do you know any other quotes? S: Knowledge is power. Francis Bacon. T: Good, so much for warming up. Now lets move on to listening. Step2 ListeningT: Ok, now lets do some listening practice on Page2. Today we are going to listen to some descriptions of some famous scientists. Before we start to listen to the material, lets read the requirement together and go through some new words. (Read the requirement and questions as well as put some new words on the blackboardagriculture, gravity, radioactivity, curious.)T: Ok. Lets begin. Please listen carefully. (Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen and pauses the tape for the students to write down answers when necessary. In the end, check the answers with the whole class and give some explanations or play the tape again if necessary.)Step4 Speaking T: From the warming up and listening part, we have already known a lot of famous scientists in different field of science, or you can say in different branch of science. What science do you know? S: Physics, chemistry, biology, mathsT: Yes, the science we usually mean is physics, chemistry, biology, maths and computer science nowadays. Now I have a question for you: which branch of science do you think is the most important one? S: (Various answers.)T: On this question you may have different ideas. I want all of you to work in the group of five students and each of you can have your own idea to represent one of the following branches of the science: physics, chemistry, biology, maths and computer science. Find reasons to support your view and debate with other students to prove that you are right. Are you clear? S: Yes. T: You can use the expressions at the bottom of page2. They are very useful. Ok, I will give you five minutes to debate. Now begin. (Teacher checks the students work five minutes later.)Sample debate: S1: I think biology is the most important and useful science because it is essential to protecting nature, environment and ecological balance. People dont live with good environment. So to the root biology is a science to protect human beings. Whats more, no biology means no medicine. So I think biology is the most important science. S2:Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important and useful, because chemistry id the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things. S3:That is hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics id widely used in many fields, such as medicine, industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics. So I think physics is the most important and useful. S4: Thats true, but maths is the basic science. You can learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. Maths is a tool on science and engineering. Therefore, maths is the most important and useful science. S5:My idea is that computer science is the most important and useful science nowadays. As you can see anywhere you go, there is computer. The computer is an indispensable tool in our modern life. It can settle many problems at a high speed and help people work easily. Step5Language PointsT:There are some useful phrases I want you to understand in this part: 1. on fire= be crazy at 2. be know for / be known as Eg: He is known for his first book, which was the best seller for a year. He is known as a childrens book writer. 3. have in common4. doubt + if/ whether/ when.; no doubt thatEg: If he keeps missing school, I doubt if he is going to pass his exams. There is no doubt that the plane is going to be canceled because of the bas weather. Step6Summary and HomeworkT: today we have done a lot of listening and speaking. We also have learned and talked about some science and famous scientists. After class, please search more about science or scientists you are interested in on the Internet or in the library. Please preview the reading on page3: “No Boundaries”. So much for today. Step7The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Step8Record after TeachingThe Second PeriodI. Teaching Aims: 1. Learn and master the following words:scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict, engage, exploration, promising, incurable, PhD;phrases: work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out;2. Train the students reading ability; 3. Make the students learn more about Stephen Hawking;4. Make the usage of some phrases clear: go on, go on with, go on doing and go on to do; II. Teaching Important Points: 1. Learn the phrases in the reading and the following sentence pattern: There is no point (in) doing sth. 2. Enable the students understand the reading better. 3. Improve the students reading ability. III. Teaching Difficult Points: 1. How to make the students understand the reading text better; 2. How to make the students understand the following sentence: There did not seem much point in working on the PhD. IV. Teaching Methods:1. Scanning the reading material and get some information about Hawking; 2. Reading and answering some detailed questions to help the students go through the reading material;3. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class. V. Teaching Aids:1. A tape recorder;2. The blackboard;VI. Teaching ProceduresStep 1 GreetingsT: Good morning. Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang. Step 2 Lead-in and Pre-readingT: Yesterday we learned some quotes from some famous scientists. We got to know these famous scientists as well. Do you know a famous scientist called Stephen Hawking? S: Yes, / no.T: Maybe some students dont know the name. But you must know there is a scientist who speaks through computer. S: Yes, we do.T: Well, that scientist is called Stephen Hawking. Today we are going to learn a reading about him, Stephen Hawking. Before we take a look at the reading, lets learn some new words. (Teacher writes the new words in this reading on the blackboard and deals with them with all the students.)T:Open your books on Page3, please. Look at the three questions in Pre-reading and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to these questions. I will ask some students to answer them. T:(Three minutes later) have you finished scanning? S: Yes. T: Who can answer these three questions? Any volunteers? T: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?S1:Because he needed a job. T: Good, next question, when did Hawking become famous? S2:Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes. T: Very well, the third question, when did Hawking visit Beijing? S3:In 2002, Hawking visited Beijing. T: Excellent. I see you all did a good job on scanning. Step 3ReadingT: Now please read the passage again. This time I want you to read it as carefully as possible and then I will ask you some detailed questions about this reading. T: (five minutes later) have you finished reading? S: Yes. T: Ok, listen to my questions carefully and try to find answers in the passage to answer them. Q1: When was Stephen told to have the incurable disease? When he was 21 year old. Q2: What did Stephen do when he got to know the news that he had the incurable disease? Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane. Q3: How does Hawking speak? He speaks through computer. Q4: Which book did he write in 1988? He wrote the book: A Brief History of Time. Q5: What does Hawking write about in his book?Hawking explains both what it means both a scientist and how science works. Q6: Is his speech computer a problem for Hawking? No, it isnt. Q7: What doesnt Hawking like about the speech computer? The computer gives him an American accent. Step 4 Language PointsT: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you dont understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage. 1. give up 放弃give in 屈服， 投降, 上交give away 赠送， 分发， 泄密， 暴露Eg: He gave up smoking two years ago. Tom always gives in to his brother. Please give in your papers now. He gave away most of his money to the poor. She gave away the state secrets to the enemy. 2. There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用Eg: There is no point in telling the about this as she does not care. There is no point in wasting time on this. 3. work on + n. / ving. 继续工作， 从事Eg: He is working on a new machine for office work.4. go by = passEg: Time goes by fast so you have to work hard. 5. be/get engaged to sb. Eg: Tom is engaged to Mary. 6. in order to do 7. go on with sth., go on, go on doing sth., go on to do sth go on 继续， 进行， 进展Eg: I thought everything was going on well. go on doing sth. 继续不停的做某事， 一件事没做完停一段时间再接着做Eg: He went on working throughout the night. go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着做另一件事Eg: After they had read the text, the students went on to do exercises. go on with sth. 与时间点连用= go on to do sth与时间段连用= go on doing sthEg: After a while, he went on with the work. He went on with work for hours. 8. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 倒装句Eg: He is a student. So am I. She did not know who did that, nor did I. stop sb from doing sth. Eg: Nothing can stop him from going there. dream of / aboutEg: He dreams of becoming a famous musician some day. I dreamed about flying last night. 9. in a way+ attributive clause 以某种方式Eg: He spoke English in a way every student could understand him very easily. 10. on the other hand11. turn out: prove (to be) + a./ to be Eg:Everything turned out satisfactory. It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day. Step 5 Listening and Post-readingT: Now I will play the tape. You can follow it in a low voice. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation. (After that, teacher asks the students to do Exercise1 in post-reading.)T: Ok, now look at Ex1 in post-reading. Choose the best answer for each of the questions. If you have some difficulty, you may discuss it with your partner. After a while, I will ask some of you to do it. (The students begin to prepare this exercise and teacher asks three students to answer the three questions in the exercise1.)(Suggested answers: 1. C 2.B 3. B)T: Now, I will give you three more minutes for you to go over the passage agai