人教版九年级-Unit15(sectionA)知识点.doc

Unit 15 were trying to save the manatees(section A)1.howoften： 多久一次， 常用来问频率。l 表示频率的副词有always, usually, often, sometimes/ at times, seldom, hardly, never等。l 短语有：once a day/ week/ month/ year.; twice a day/ week/ month/ year.; three times a day / week/ month/ year.l 与every开头的短语也表示频率，例如every day/ week/ month/ year.; every five minutes, every two hours等。如：Howoftendotheyplayfootball? 他们多长时间踢一次足球? Theyplayfootballeveryday.他们天天踢足球。 2. howlong常用来问长度。如: (1)问时间的长度,意为“多久”。 表示一段时间的短语有“for+一段时间”，意为“达”， 如for four days(达四天)； “since+时间点或时间状语从句”意为“自从以来”，如since 1968/ yesterday/ two days ago; “half + 一段时间”意为“半”， 如 half an hour等。如: Howlongdidhelivehere?他在这里住了多久? Forabouttwentyyears.大约二十年。 (2)问物体的长度,意为“多长”。使用时要注意与how far 的区别。 How far强调某两个地点之间的距离，在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点。How long 提问单个事物本身的长度，与距离无关。如: Howlongistheboat?这条船有多长? Itsmorethantenmeterslong.有十多米长。 3.howfar： 多远，常用来问两地之间的距离。表示两地间距离的距离的短语常见的有five kilometers, a few miles, ten minutes walk, three hours ride等。如: Howfaristhepostofficefromhere? 邮局离这儿有多远? Itsaboutthreekilometers（away）.大约三公里。 4.howmuch常用来问价钱。相当于“whats the price of sth.?”“what are the prices of sth.?”如: Howmuchisyournewbike? 你的新自行车多少钱? About500yuan.大约500元。 5.howmany/howmuch常用来问数量。如: (1)“Howmany+可数名词的复数形式”询问可数名词的数量。如: Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass? 你们班有多少学生? Sixty.六十个。 (2)“Howmuch+不可数名词”询问不可数名词的数量。如: Howmuchmeatisthereinthefridge? 冰箱里有多少肉? Onlyalittle.只有一点。 6.howold常用来问年龄。如: HowoldisyourChineseteacher? 你们的语文老师多大岁数? Hesaboutthirty.大约三十岁。 7.howsoon：多久以后，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“之后（内）”， 表示从现在到将来动作发生时为止的一段时间，常与一般将来时态连用。 如in some weeks(数周后)。如: Howsoonwillyourmothercomeback? 你母亲还有多久将回来? Shellcomebackintwodays.她两天后回来。 8.howabout常用来问意见。如: Howaboutgoingshoppingnow? 现在去购物怎么样? OK.好的。 - do you visit your grandparents? - Twice a month. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far- Can you tell me usually play football?- Once a week.A. How soon B. How long B. C. How often D. How far- is the moon away from the earth?- Its about 383,000 kilometers. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far- Kate, do you know it is from here to the gym?- About twenty minutes walk.- have you been learning English?- I have been learning English for six years. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far- will it takes you from your school to the library?- About half an hour. So Ill be there by 9 oclock. A. How far B. How soon C. How long D. How many- Rita, your English is very good. have you been in China?- Since I was five. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How often- will the supper be ready? I am very hungry.- In a minute. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often- can you be ready, Andy?- In ten minutes. A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon- is your new T- shirt?- Its only twenty yuan. A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How far- has your uncle been to Canada?- Only twice. A. How many times B. How often C. How much D. How many英语中表示长宽高深表示方法1. 数词+ 表示量的名词+ long/wide/high/deep./(形容词) The street is 10 meters wide. He river is about 2 meters deep.2. 数词- 表示量的名词（单词）- long/wide/high/deep This is a 10-meter-wide street. This is a 2-meter-deep river.练习： - How amazing the noodle is! - Yes, it is , and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle. A. 1,704-meter-long B.1,704-meters-long C. 1,704 meter long D. 1,704 meters longtry to do, try doing try to do “企图做，尽力做”，trydoing意为试着做。Try to do的语境是挖空心思，绞尽脑汁，竭尽全力想方设法，甚至不惜付出任何代价，克服一切阻挠去做，总体感觉很吃力。 trydoing的语境显得轻松多了，后面也很少带说明成果与否的解释说明成分。区别trytodo和trydoing：1.trytodo意为企图做，尽力做;trydoing意为试着做2.trytodo的语境总体感觉很吃力；trydoing的语境显得较轻松3.trytodo后补充说明的部分表达是否成功的意思。trydoing不表达这种意思4.trytodo=tryanddo；trydoing意思与trysth相近练习： - I didnt hear you come in just now. - Thats good. We tried any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. MakingIt+ be +过去分词+ that从句It:形式主语， that从句才是真正的主语类似结构： It is hoped that. 人们希望 It is believed that. 人们相信 It is reported that. 据报道 It is said that. 据说如： It is said that the movie star will come to our city.discover,find，invent，findout区别1) discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。如：Idiscovered(that)shewasagoodcook.我发现她是个烹饪好手/她很会烧菜。2) invent指“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明创造的东西。 Edisondidntdiscoverelectricity,butinventedthelightbulb.爱迪生不是发现了电，而是发明了灯泡。3)find强调在经过“寻找”（lookfor）后“找的结果”（找到或找不到），又可以表示“（偶然地）发现”；如：Ifoundawatchontheroad.我在路上发现了一块手表。Ifoundmycatasleepinmybed.我发现猫睡在我的床上。4)findout通常表示“弄明白，搞清楚，查明”。如Theteacherwantedtofindoutwhohadbrokenthedoor.老师要找出谁砸坏了门。against的用法1. 表示“反对”，其反义词为for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly：Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?Publicopinionisstronglyagainsthisvisittothecountry.舆论强烈反对他访问这个国家。表示“反对”，经常同那些与之含义相关的动词连用(如fight,struggle,protest,argue,guard等)：Thesoldiersfoughtagainsttheenemy士兵们勇敢地打敌人。Hestruggledagainstthosewhoopposedhisplan.他同那些反对他的计划的人作斗争。2. 表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、“迎着”、“衬着”等：Theteachersdeskisagainstthewall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。Hestoodleaningagainstthetree.他站着斜靠在墙上。The redflaglooksverybrightagainstthebluesky.红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。3. 注意against是介词，不是动词，将其用作动词是错误的：正：Ileanedagainstthewall.我斜靠在墙上。正：Imagainsthisidea.我反对他的意见。误：Iagainstthewall./Iagainsthisidea.be against+ n./ pron./ doing, “与对抗，反对” 反义词组be fortiny/little/small/在英文中均表示“小的”，但细究起来，它们也有区别：Little小的，小巧的（带有感情色彩，表示喜欢、可怜或讨厌）Small小的，不大 （多指面积、体积等）Tiny很小的，微小的（强调特别小）练习：I have a nice cat. The room is too for three persons to live in.It is a insect. living live alive lively 区别1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然还活着。No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的之中”)He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。English is a living language . 英语的活的语言。A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .He i