小学六年级下册数学全册完整教案.doc

of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queens jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queens house in London. Oh, she had so mush to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited karl Marxs statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen?” she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 FIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail: liqiang299AGreatAdventureSpaceS 15/11/3008(Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008 . Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “Itll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and flowing him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow youll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. More news later from your loving son,Li Qing I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide(G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First were going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent. Its stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. Its quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughjtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right?(We nodded.) Well, now theres a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soul” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isnt it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programmer robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready theyre transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. Were delighted youre coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing)Thats admirable, but Im afraid it would be unusual! Wait till youre more experienced. First well put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. Youll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and donts: dont miss your deadline, dont be rude, dont talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. Its also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY:小学六年级下学期第十二册数学教案一、期初复习 第一课时【教学内容】P1，16。【教学目标】通过复习让学生进一步理解上学期学过的知识，使概念得到巩固，使分数四则运算的法则和整数、小数、分数的四则混合运算的计算掌握得更好。【教学过程】一、复习分数乘、除法意义及计算方法。1、说一说下列各式的意义。8 8 81 812、说出算式并口答结果。40的5倍 40个540的 40的1倍的 1的完成期初复习1。二、复习比的意义，化简化和求比值。1、口答。什么叫比？怎样化简比？怎样求比值？化简比和求比值有什么联系？有什么不同？2、判断：是化简比还是求比值？4：2=2 4:2=2:1完成期初复习2。三、复习解方程，脱式计算。1、完成期初复习3。指名板演，其余座练。讲评板演，集体订正。2、完成期初复习4。学生独立完成，指名板演。讲评：分数、小数四则混合运算应注意三个问题：a、运算顺序。b、算法选择。c、能否简算。四、综合练习。1、20千克的是（ ）；比20千克多是（ ）；比20千克多千克是（ ）；20千克比（ ）多千克；（ ）比20千克少，20千克比（ ）多千克。2、被减数，减数与差的和是5.6，减数与差的比是4:3，差是（ ），减数是（ ）。3、解方程。 x+23=7 6x1=54、化简化。 : 0.32 : 0.8 1 : 2.55、完成期初复习6。五、总结。课作：P1，5。第二课时【教学内容】P2，712【教学目标】通过复习使学生更加深刻理解几何初步的有关知识，进一步掌握分数应用题的结构特点，解题思路和方法，为新学期的学习奠定良好的基础。【教学过程】一、复习几何初步知识有关内容。1、复习圆。提问：圆有什么特征？画一个半径为2厘米的圆；并标上圆心、半径、直径，指出圆的周长与面积；说一说怎样计算圆的周长和面积。完成期初复习7。已知下图中左圆分割，剪拼成右面的长方形，其宽是3厘米。你能求出什么？ 3厘米（圆的半径、直径、周长、面积；长方形的长、周长、面积。）2、复习长方体、正方体。说说长方体、正方体各有什么特征？怎样求长方体、正方体的表面积，体积？计算时要注意什么？完成期初复习8。二、复习分数应用题。1、找出下列各句中单位“1”的量，并说出数量关系式。男工人数占全厂人数的 。柳树棵数是杨树的。实际比计划增产。二月份比一月份节约用电 。2、完成期初复习9。指名板演，其余座练。讲评：这三道题有什么联系？3、完成期初复习10。学生独立解答，指名口述解答过程。引导比较：这两题有什么相同点？有什么不同点？4、看图编分数应用题。 三、作业：完成期初复习11、12。将11题条件3改为：两次共运走130台。将12题条件1改为：枫树苗有2800棵。问题改为：杉树苗有多少棵？（设计：韩海涛）二、百分数1、百分数的意义和写法【教学内容】P3P5【教学要求】1、知道并理解百分数的意义，了解百分数与分数在意义上的区别。2、会读写百分数。3、加强数学知识与生活的联系，让学生懂得数学知识在生活中的作用，培养学生概括、归纳、分析与比较的能力。【教学重点】百分数的意义。【教学难点】对百分数意义的理解。【教学过程】一、谈话导入。星期天你家来客人了，你要准备饭菜，还要备酒，喝什么酒呢？（根据生的回答出示海安名酒“品王”）女士呢？（出示一瓶葡萄酒）喝哪种酒容易醉？为什么？你怎么知道呢？板书：11% 42%这种数是什么数？你还在哪儿见过？我们的生活，工作中常见到常用到百分数，今天我们一起来学习百分数。板书：百分数2、读写。这些百分数会读吗？读11% 42%出示：1% 8% 15% 60% 100%250% 140% 7.5% 0.05% 121.3%齐读。谁会写百分数？愿意写的就写到黑板上。评核学生写的百分数。指出“%”叫做百分号。一起书空“%” %三、意义。对于百分数，会读会写了，你还想知道百分数的什么知识？为什么要用百分数？它有什么好处？什么是百分数？研究这些问题之前，我们来看一个生活中的例子。1、小黑板出示豪港春竹羊元95%98%涤纶5%2%价钱165元165元我在逛商店时没拿定主意买哪件，如果你是导购，你会建议买哪件？为什么？2、同学们知道上一个年头有我国男足的大喜事，我们男足终于出线了，主教练米卢想选一个人发点球，这儿有队员们最近一段时间的训练记录，小黑板出示：罚球数进球数孙继海2522范志毅5049郝海东2019如果你是米卢，你能很快选出进球可能最大的队员吗？为什么不能很快看出来？怎么办？（算出进点罚的几分之几。算出进占罚的百分之几。）一齐口算。怎样做更容易比较？指名讲98%、88%、95%分别是什么意思？3、我们来看这两个百分数：11%、42%表示什么意思？根据11%、42%我们能很快知道品王的酒精度高，那么从刚才的几个事例中，你们发现百分数有什么好处呢？在学生回答的基础上小结并板书，分析比较。4、课前同学们收集了一些关于百分数的资料，我们一起来交流一下你们收集的百分数表示什么意思。自由交流后，全班交流。从我们接触到的这么多百分数，你们思考一下，在什么情况下会用到百分数？（表示一个数是另一个数的百分之几）板书百分数的意义。提问：百分数表示的是几个数量之间的关系？表示什么关系？所以百分数又可以叫做百分比、百分率。5、百分数与分数。出示课本P4，2题。请四人小组共同完成这道题，完成后，互相讨论一下，百分数与分数在意义上有什么区别与联系？自主完成，并合作讨论，然后全班交流。四、巩固练习。1、完成课本P5，2、3、4。2、根据你刚才的练习情况，讲一句带有百分数的话来表示，你学习的掌握情况。五、课后作业。P5，5、6。（设计：崔红梅）2、百分数和分数、小数的互化第一课时【教学内容】书P6例1，例2。【教学目标】1、使学生知道百分数和分数、小数进行互化的必要性。2、掌握小数、分数化百分数的步骤和方法。3、通过计算、比较和找规律，发展学生的抽象概括能力。【教学重点】掌握百分数和分数、小数互化的方法。【教学难点】运用小数移动、掌握分数化成百分数的简便方法。【教学过程】一、复习把下面的分数化成百分数： 把0.15、1.4、0.245化成分数。把、 化成小数。指名学生分别板演，并归纳方法。二、新授1、揭示课题，我们已经初步认识了百分数，理解了百分数的意义，但是用百分数直接进行计算不方便，一般要将百分数化成分数或小数来计算，另一方面在求百分率的时候，需要将求得的结果化成百分数，所以，学习百分数和分数、小数之间的互化是很必要的，下面我们来学习怎样互化。板书课题：百分数和分数、小数的互化。2、教学例1。出示例1，把0.15、1.3、0.248化成百分数。提问：你能把这些数化成分母是100的分数吗？让学生尝试： 0.15=1.3=0.248=引导学生观察复习题1。启发思考：怎样能很快地把小数化成百分数。引导观察：0.15=15%1.3=130%0.248=24.8%并讨论。小结：小数化百分数，只要把小数点向右移动两位，同时在后面添上百分号，就可以了。练一练P7，1。3、教学例2。出示例2，把、1化成百分数。提问：你想用什么方法把这些分数化成百分数，学生分组讨论。讨论后并说出计算方法。尝试练习。完善地归纳方法：分数化百分数，通常把分数化成小数，（除不尽时，通常保留三位小数）再把小数化成百分数。练一练P7，2。4、比较分数、小数与百分数互化的方法，归纳为P6方框里的话。三、巩固练习。1、填空。把小数化成百分数，只要把小数点向（ ）移动两位，同时在后面添上（ ）。把分数化成百分数，通常把（ ）化成（ ），（除不尽时，通常保留三位小数），再把（ ）化成百分数。把0.65写成分数是（ ），写成百分数是（ ）。把 写成小数是（ ），写成百分数是（ ）。2、把下面各数化成百分数。1.03 0.024 2四、总结，并质疑问难。五、作业。P8，1、2（一、二两栏）（设计：李义琴）第二课时【教学内容】P7，例3，例4。【教学目标】1、掌握百分数和分数、小数的互化的步骤和方法。2、通过练习，让学生形成一定的技能技巧。【教学过程】一、复习1、把下面各数化成百分数。0.25 1.4 0.123 1指名板演。2、小结化的方法。二、新授1、揭示课题：昨天我们已学会了将小数、分数化百分数的方法，学了这些内容，你还想知道些什么？板书课题：百分数和分数、小数的互化。2、出示P7例3。出示例3，把23%、50%、12.5%化成分数。让学生观察例题后，教师提问：a、怎样把百分数化成分数？b、当百分数的分子部分是小数时，怎样化成分数？学生分组讨论，回答问题后小结。2、练一练P7，（下）1。3、比较百分数与分数互化的方法，强调化分数时要约分的要约成最简分数。4、教学例4。出示例4，把27%、114%、13.5%化成小数。提问：你能把这些百分数化成小数吗？让学生自由做。学生交流自己的意见。分析各种意见，比较归纳简便方法：百分数化小数，去掉百分号、同时把小数点向左移动两位就行了。练一练P7（下）2。5、比较百分数和小数互化的方法，说一说它们有什么不同。三、巩固练习。1、P8，5、6做在作业本上。2、下面各题，是小数和分数的化成百分数，是百分数的化成小数或分数整数。0.4 8% 12.5% 0.36 1 320%3、从小到大的顺序排列下面各数。6.5 6 6.53 655%4、指导完成P9，9、10、11、12、。四、总结。通过今天的学习，你掌握了哪些知识？（让学生归纳）还有什么问题吗？（设计：李义琴）3、百分数的应用第一课时【教学内容】P10-11，例1，例2。【教学目的】通过教学，使学生会将已学过的百分数知识用来解决实际问题，并理解百分数应用题和分数应用题的相通之处。【教学过程】一、复习导入我班有学生（45）人，其中参加兴趣小组的有（36）人，参加兴趣小组的占我班总人数的几分之几？（先说一说要怎样想再解答）把问题改为“参加兴趣小组的占全班人数的百分之几？”这就成为一道百分数应用题。（揭示课题）二、教学新课教学例1。1、提问：这道百分数应用题你会解答吗？会做的试一试你能说出你是怎样想的吗？2、师板书，解答过程。3645=0.8=80%答：参加兴趣小组的占我班总人数的80%。3、归纳：这道百分数应用题，我们已经会解答了，它和以前学过的百分数应用题相同？这是为什么？4、练一练：六年级有学生150人，其中三好学生有30人，三好学生占六年级学生人数的百分之几？教学例2。1、我班有男生（20）人，女生（25）人。女生人数比男生多百分之几？提问：你能解答出这道百分数应用题吗？列举出不同解法，请解答者说出思路。（2520）20 2520-100% 2520-1=520 =125%-100% =125%-1=25% =25% =25%答：女生人数比男生多25%。2、我班有男生20人，女生25人，（ ）生人数比（ ）生（ ）百分之几？将上题补完整（男生人数比女生少百分之几？）这道题与上题相同吗？为什么？3、练一练：东山村去年原计划造林16公顷，实际造林20公顷 实际造林比原计划多百分之几？ 原计划造林实际少百分之几？三、巩固练习。P11，练一练。P12，6。四、作业：P12，1、2、3、4（设计：景素霞）第二课时【教学内容】P14，例3，例4，练一练，练习四1。【教学目标】在学生理解和掌握分数应用题的基础上，通过知识迁移类推出百分数应用题的解题方法，帮助学生建立新的认知结构，培养逻辑思维能力。【教学重点】正确理解和掌握简单百分数应用题的解题方法。【教学过程】一、基础训练1、口答。80的是多少？一个数的是30，这个数是多少？甲数比乙数多25%，乙数比甲数少百分之几？2、指出下列各句中把哪个数量看作单位“1”，并写出数量关系式。一条公路，已经修了70%。 70%= 苹果的重量是梨的85% 85%= 3、板演。一桶油重30千克，倒出，倒出多少千克？学生解答后，说出解题思路。导入新课：这是我们以前学习的分数应用题，这里的表示倒出的重量占整桶油重量的，因此也可以把它改写成百分数是多少？（60%）改写一下该怎么做呢？这就是今天我们学习的百分数应用题。（板书课题）二、新授。1、出示例3，一桶油重30千克，倒出60%。倒出多少千克？学生解答，小组内交流解答方法。全班交流，说出分析过程和数量关系。2、如果把例3中的倒出18千克当作已知量，把一桶油的重量变成问题，题目应该怎么变？学生口述后，出示例4。一桶油倒出60%，正好倒出18千克。这桶油重多少千克？学生分析题意。分析分率句，拟解题计划，并解答。学生交流解题方法。3、比较：例3和例4有什么相同和不同的地方？解答方法上有什么区别和联系？4、小结：今天学习的百分数应用题与以前学习的分数应用题一样，也是运用单位“1”的量分率=分率的对应量来解答，在解答前要认真分析题意，搞清已知条件与所求问题到底是什么量，再选择正确的方法解答。三、练习。1、看图先说出图意和数量关系，再列式解答。 0千克大米 用去化肥36吨 吃去75% 用去48% ？千克 共有？吨2、分析分率句，指出单位“1”，写出数量关系式。一堆煤用去38%。 女生人数占全班的55%。篮球重量的40%，相当于排球的重量。3、填空。（ ）千克的30%是45千克。7.2米的20%是（ ）米。（ ）米是60厘米的80%。4、完成练一练2、3。四、作业。练习四13。（设计：许金泉）第十二册数学教案第三课时【教学内容】P1516，例5、例6，练一练，P17，510【教学目标】在学生掌握了求对应量或单位“1”的一步计算百分数应用题的基础上，进一步学会解稍复杂的百分数应用题，培养学生根据数量关系灵活选取解题方法的能力。【教学重点】弄清数量关系，并