高三英语集体备课课件3月914日情态动词复习课件

情态动词,语法专题之,Modal verbs,常用的情态动词,can （could） may（might） shall（should） will （would） must（must） dare （dared） need （needed）,have to ought to be able to used to,He can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ shall/ should/ need/ dare/ dared/ will/ would/ ought to/ used to + work in that factory.,He has to go home now.,He had to look after his sick mother.,The feature（特点） of the modal verbs:,1. 情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全.,2. 不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”).,4. 没有不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式.,在情态动词的使用中, 我们要注意以下考点:,1. 情态动词的基本用法。,2. 情态动词+have +P.P的用法。,3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。,4. 情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。,5. 情态动词特殊短语的用法。,6. 情态动词表推测的用法归纳,2情态动词的基本用法及区别,(1)can，could,规则1：表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。,can am/ is/ are able to,will be able to,could was/ were able to,could have +过去分词,表示现在的能力,表示将来的能力,表示过去的能力,表示过去有能力，但是未做,I am starve to death, I eat two bowls of rice now. 我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗饭。 If you have a good sleep, you will work out this problem. 如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个旅馆，但是每个人都逃出去了。 I out the problem, but I was too nervous. 我本来可以解出这道题，但我太紧张了。 Some of us use the computer now，but we last year. 现在我们中的一些人能使用电脑了，但去年我们还不能。,can,表示现在的能力,be able to,表示将来的能力,was able to,表示过去的能力,could have worked,表示过去有能力但未做,can,couldnt,现在的能力,过去的能力,Exx. 1. I should have been there, but I not catch the bus. A. would B. could C. might D. should 2. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York -Oh, did you? You with Babara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed,B,A,规则2：表示客观的可能性。,1)Accidents happen on such rainy days. 2)we go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure.,can,may,can 表示具体事情的可能性时，用于在否定句、 疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异或不相信的态度。,This be done by him. He be on his way home now. this be done by him? Mr. Bush is on time everything. How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?,cant/ couldnt,could,Can,can,表示不相信,表不确定,表示疑惑、惊讶,表示疑惑、惊讶,规则3：表示请求建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉，回答用原形。, I come in? 我能进来吗？ Yes, you . 是的，你可以进来。 I use your bike tomorrow morning? 明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？ Yes, you .(否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.) 是的，你可以。(不，恐怕不行。),规则4：表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉、客气 。,If you keep still, you sit on either side of the boat. 如果你保持不乱动，你可以坐在船的任一边。,can,Can,can,Could,can,【注意】,(1) 表示“经过努力后终于能”，用be able to。,The fire was very big but everyone escape from the building.火很大，但每个人都成功逃出了那栋大楼。,(2) 惯用形式“can not (cant) too/over/enough” 表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”，用来加强语气。,(3) cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好。,I thank you . 我对你真是感激不尽。,You be strong . 强壮身体有百利而无一害。,I . 我只好去。,=cant help but do sth. =cant choose but to do sth. =have no choice but to do sth.,was able to,Cannot,enough,can never,enough,could not but choose to go,(2)may，might,(1)表示允许、请求。Might I ？ 比 May I ？ 语气更为委婉和有礼貌。对于Might I ？ 的回答用 may；对May I ？ 的否定回答常用 mustnt / cant。,(2)表示说话人的猜测，表示“或许，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may语气更加不肯定。, I smoke here? 我能在这抽烟吗？ Yes, No, . 可以，请便。/当然可以。/是的，你可以。/不，你不能抽烟。,【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not,D,May,please./Certainly./Yes, you may.,you mustnt,【注意】,(1)用于目的状语从句中，含“能，能够”之意 。,(2) 惯用形式 “may (might) as well 动词原形”意为“不妨做”。,(4) 表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may主语动词原形！。,Tom study English hard in order that he go abroad someday.Tom努力地学习英语为了有一天他能出国。,You me the truth.你不妨和我说实话。,We where we are.我们最好待在原地。,May ! 祝你快乐！,May !祝你成功！,(3)may well + 动词原形 理应 ；有足够的理由,We she is a good teacher. 我们大可说她是一位优秀的老师。,(5) maybut 或许会但是,She beautiful, she is cool. 她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。,may,may as well tell,may as well stay,may well say,you be happy,you succeed,may be,but,(3)must，have to,规则1：must 表示“必须”（必要性）。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式；其否定式是must not (mustnt)，表示“禁止”“不准” 。此时，对用must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或dont have to。, I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成工作吗？ Yes，you ./No，you ./You . 是的，你必须完成。/不，你需要。/你不需要。,You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to,D,When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent,C,Must,must,neednt,dont have to,规则2: must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”（可能性），通常与be动词连用，只用于肯定句中。,You be hungry after a long walk. 走了这么远的路你一定饿了。,10北京-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can,B,09重庆Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She_in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been,C,must,规则3: have to表示“必须，不得不”，强调客观要求，（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）have to的否定形式表示不必。能用于更多时态。,You will clean your own boots when you join the army.,I be at my office every evening.,1. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must,have to,have to,【注意】,must 还表示主语主观的坚持，有“偏偏，偏要，一定要”之意。表示与说话人的愿望相反.,If you go，at least wait till the storm is over,you make so much noise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？,May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must,06浙江 Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you . . A.can B.must C.may D.should,must,如果你硬是要走，至少要等到风暴结束的时候。,Must,(4) shall，should，ought to,规则1：A.shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见；,B. shall 用于第二、第三人称中，表示说话人的决心、意志、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等;,we begin our lesson? I/she sit here?,-Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could,You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done.,(允诺),(允诺),(警告),Shall,Shall,When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.,(命令),(决心),1. It has been announced that candidates(候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt,C. shall用于第二，第三人称，用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务。,“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,规则2：should 意为“应该”，表义务、责任，也可表示劝告、建议。ought to 语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”,A: Ill start the work tomorrow. B: I think you start today. C: No, you start at once. (语气更强）,should / ought to的否定形式表示“不应该” Children smoke.孩子不该抽烟。,Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. will B. would C. should D. must What time ought I _? Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arrive,He _ speak to his mother like that. Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not,should,ought to,shouldnt/ oughtnt to,规则3：should表推测, 意为“可能；该”, 相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。,Mr. Black be home by now，for I saw him just now.,Mr. Black be home by now.,2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed,3. Its nearly seven oclockJack _ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan,1. Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad toHe never refused our request Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould,must,ought to / should,规则4：should还可表示说话人对某事的不解、感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会，居然”，常用在I never imagine, I cant believe, Its a pity (surprise), Why/Howshould等结构中。,I dont believe that the little girl speak two different languages! 我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！,I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educated gentleman _ behave like this! would B. should C. can D. must,should,Its hard to believe that Jack _ have fought with the policeman. Yes. If one _ ask for trouble, it cant be helped. would; will B. must; may C. should; must D. need; dare,规则6：ought to表示责任和义务意为“应该”，语气比 should强；还可表推测。 A: Ill start the work tomorrow. B: I think you should start today. C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强）,(1)与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷，“究竟是，到底” Who come in but my old friend Jim! (我当是谁来了呢，原来是我的老朋友吉姆!),【注意】,(2)用于条件状语从句中，“一旦，万一” you change your mind,let me know.,09天津This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might,should,Should,(3)用于at least / for fear that / in case 引导的状语从句中，“唯恐、以免” She gave me a list in case that I forget what to buy.,(5) will，would,规则1：shall用于各种人称，表示意志或决心。will指现在，would则指过去。,I never do that again. I give up smoking., Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I. A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldnt,should,will,will,规则2：用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问或请求，would 比 will更委婉。其回答用will。,you pass me the book? he pay for me? you like to come with us?,规则3：表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是，惯于”。 will指现在，would是指过去。,Boys be boys. 男孩终归是男孩。 Matches strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。 Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水会死。 The door _ open.这门经常打不开,wont,Will /Would,Will,Would,will,will not,【注意】,would 与used to 的区别：,used to 强调今昔对比，过去的某种习惯，现在已经没有了；would 表示过去一段时间里有某种习惯，现在可能还有。试比较：,We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去会这样，现在可能还这样) We used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去会这样，但现在不这样了),Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would,表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用would 。,(7)need，dare,规则1：作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,When he was yong, his father would be a teacher in the village. There would be an old temple on the top of the little hill.,F,would-used to,F,would-used to,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,Dare (need) +S +V S + darent (neednt) +V,I darent walk through the forest at night. Dare you walk through the forest at night? You neednt return the book now. Need he do it all at once?,规则2：作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to go there himself. He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.,dare do,dared do,darent/ dare not do,dared not do,Dare he do?,Dared he do?,dare/dares to do,dared to do,do/does not dare (to) do,did not dare (to) do,Do you/Does he dare(to)do?,Did he dare (to) do,规则3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done,The house needs .这间房子需打扫。 The boy needs to the hospital at once. 这孩子需立马送到医院,I dare you to tell your parents! 我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！,英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：,I dare say.我想，大概，可能，或许,I dare say things will improve. 我想情况会好转的。,How dare you .? 你怎么敢？,How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题？,I dare you . 我谅你也不敢,cleaning/ to be cleaned,Sending/ to be sent,1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off 3.The dog hibernate(冬眠) in winter. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not,注意对need一般疑问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _.,neednt / (dont have to),neednt/ (dont have to),情态动词+have + P.P.,10安徽Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man. A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been,must have done,“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，其否定式为 cant /couldnt have done 疑问句用can/could have done,must have rained,couldnt have gone to Beijing,Can,have gone,【2012江苏卷】35. Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished,could have done,用在肯定句中，表示“本来能够做某事,You could have come 5 minutes earlier.,你本来能早到5分钟的。,may/might have done,“也许/或许已经做某事”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”), 不用于疑问句。用might 则表示语气更加不肯定,may have gone to bed,may not have finished the work,might have had a cold,10山东I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt,【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should,should /ought to have done,“本该做某事， 而实际上未做”,10天津Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt,1. The river is rising. It _last night. must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained 2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,3.- We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. - He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended,4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,5. You yesterday if you were really serious about your work. A. ought to come B. ought to be coming C. ought to have come D. ought have come 6. You _ all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry,7.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving,8. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,Practice,1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need,4. Children under 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,“ declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could,7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can,10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 11. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall,13. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt,14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt,15. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 16. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 17. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put,18. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 19. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. should have been doing B. must have been C. could have done D. would have done 20. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened,21. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far-his coat is still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 22. - Catherine, I have cleaned the ro