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专业术语部分：solution: 溶液 pig: 铸块、铸模 keyhole：钥匙孔、锁孔 keyhole surgery：针孔手术family: 科、语系the “crown” of the tree：树冠（the upper part of a tree, which includes the branches and leaves）game theory：博弈论 the science of strategy（the interests of the players conflict totally, so that one persons gain always is anothers loss）dark energy：暗能量 Dark energy may be the key link among several aspects of galaxy formation that used to appear unrelated（the universes invisible hand）句子翻译：Among the vertebrates, bony fishes are the largest group, with 18150 species, leaving aside the 63 species of jawless fishes and the 843 cartilaginous fisheslampreys（七思鳗）, sharks.在脊椎动物中，硬骨鱼类占的比重最大，共18150种，此外还有63种无颌鱼类和843种软骨鱼类（如七思鳗和鲨鱼）Wilson estimates that perhaps 17500 species (mostly insects) go extinct each year in tropical forest, and that we humans have accelerated the historical rate of extinction by a factor of one thousand to ten thousand威尔逊估计在热带雨林中每年可能有17500个物种(大部分是昆虫)灭绝，而且我们人类使物种灭绝的步伐比过去快了1000-10000倍前后缀部分：句子翻译：One of agricultures main greenhouse gas mitigation strategies is soil carbon sequestration, wherein crops remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, and nonharvested residues and roots are converted to soil organic matter, which is 58 percent carbon。从农业的角度来看，减少温室气体的一个主要方法是将碳存储在土壤中，通过这种手段，农作物在光合作用的过程中可以消耗大气中的二氧化碳，与此同时，作物收割后的遗留物和残根等转变为有机物，其中58%是碳。In the first four to six years, no-till （免耕法）demands the use extra nitrogen fertilizer to meet the nutritional requirements of some crops, toobecause increasing organic matter at the surface immobilizers nutrients, including nitrogen.在最初的4-6年间，由于土壤表面越积越多的有机物阻碍营养物（包括氮）的扩散，因此如采用免耕法，就需要增加氮肥的使用以满足某些农作物对营养的需求。（ immobilizers ，固定，使不动）The Dust Bowl was a manmade disaster caused by deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains, which killed the natural grasses. Such grasses normally kept the soil in place and moisture trapped, even during periods of drought and high winds. During the drought of the 1930s, with the grasses destroyed, the soil dried, turned to dust, and blew away eastwards and southwards in dark clouds. At times the clouds blackened the sky, reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York and Washington,D. C.“沙暴”是一场人为的灾难，它发生在（美国）大平原，起因是在未开垦的土地上实行表土层的深耕作业，从而破坏了天然草场。一般情况下，草可以固定土壤，保持水分，即使在干旱季节和大风季节也是这样。在20世纪30年代的干旱时期，由于失去了草的覆盖，土壤变干，进而变成粉尘，像滚滚黑云一样腾空而起，向东、南方向移动。有时沙尘将天空遮住，一直到达位于东海岸的城市，如纽约和华盛顿。增词法部分：Biodiversity is a lively issue these days, mainly because of the number of species that are going extinct, either by natural causes, or because we space-hungry humans are destroying their habitats.近来生物多样性已成为热点问题，其主要原因是越来越多的物种濒临灭绝，这种情况与自然有关，也与人类因争夺空间而造成物种生境丧失有关Collecting is an activity that has engaged diverse sorts of people unlike laboratory science, which is restricted to a relatively few approved types.物种收集与实验室科学不同，前者是各种不同人员参与的活动，而后者则只涉及很少几类经过挑选的人员。Any poorly drained highway will heave in the spring time, under alternate freezing and thawing.排水不良的公路春季在冻结和溶解的交替作用下，会变得起伏不平。This theory is usually expressed in the famous formula: E = mc2. E stands for energy, m for the mass, and c for the speed of light.这个理论通常可用著名的公式：E = mc2来表达，式中E代表能量，m表示质量，c代表光速。Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats。冰的密度没有水的密度大，因此，冰会漂浮在水面上。Because of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have an energy advantage over barges。由于水路运输具有迂回和定向流动的特点，铁道运输常常比船运在节能方面更占优势。减词法部分：Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smokers males.男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。It is generally thought that salt is a cuprit in this disease, and many doctors prescribe a low-salt diet. 人们普遍认为食盐是这种病的病因，于是许多医生建议低盐饮食。Best varieties have good resistance to loading. 最好的品种抗倒伏力强。The heat flows from a hotter to a cooler body is a process of energy transfer tending to equalize temperature. 热从高温物体流向低温物体是一个能量传递过程，它使温度趋于平衡。句子翻译练习：Leonardo da Vincis 1495 sketch of a mechanical knight, which could sit up and move its arms and legs, is considered to be the first plan for a humanoid robot.列奥纳多.达.芬奇1495年草图的机械骑士，可以站起来，可以移动胳膊和腿，被认为是人形机器人的第一设计。Salt may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.用金属置换酸中的氢也可以得到盐。An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions in the same.酸曾经被定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，同样的，碱被定义为在水溶液中能产生氢氧根离子的物质。Lead for storage batteries and for cables is hardened by the addition of small amounts of antimony。 铅蓄电池和电缆可以通过加入少量的锑来硬化。The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作一台机器需要对其性能有一定的了解。All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性，因此可以用有机或无机染料着色。The position was completely reversed by Habers development of the utilization of nitrogen from the air. 由于哈勃发明了利用空气中的氮气的方法，这种局面就完全改观了。汉译英：通常，在蒸馏系统中，95%的热量被冷却水带走，只有5%的能量被有效利用。热泵(heat pump) 将热量从冷凝器送到再沸器，有效地减少了精馏过程中能量的消耗。Usually in a distillation system, 95% of heat is removed by cooling water, only 5% of it is(could be used effectively)通常，化学反应发生在精馏或加热的物料中。Usually, chemical changes occur in a material being distillated or heated.有机化学物质的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。The major resources of organic chemical materials are coal、petroleum and agricultural products.若将混和物加热至沸腾（部分气化），则挥发性高的组分，即沸点低的组分在气相中的浓度比在液相中的高；而挥发性低的组分，即沸点高的组分在液相中的浓度比在气相中的高。If the mixture is heated to boiling(partial vaporization), then concentration of more volatile components, i.e. , lower boiling point in gas phase is higher than in liquid phase, while the concentration of less volatile component, i.e. , higher boiling points in liquid phase is higher than in the gas phase.倍数表达部分：n times as as, n times more than, n times over ,by a factor of n相当于的n倍 n times less(fewer) than 是的1/nThe magnetic power of such materials is about 10 times stronger than that of ordinary magnets and they have been used in microwave communication, magnetic therapy and precision instruments.这些材料的磁性是普通磁铁的10倍左右，并已应用于微波通讯、磁疗和精密仪表等领域。Increase n times，Increase by n times, Increase n-fold, Increase by a factor of n, 增加到（原来的）n倍reduce by n times , reduce n times , reduce by a factor of n , reduce n times as much(many) as n-fold reduction 减少到原来的1/nThe energy available in a wind stream is proportional to the cube of its speed, which means that doubling the wind speed increases the avalible energy by a factor of eight. 风中能够利用的能量同风速的立方成正比，就是说风速提高1倍，可用能量将增加7倍（风速加倍，能量为原来的8倍，而不是“增加8倍”）According to the report, the new type of cells would reduce the cost of producing solar power by a factor of 10.根据该报告，这种新型电池可使太阳能发电的成本降低到原来的1/10。The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation.通过该技术革新，该设备的误差概率降低了3/5(降低到原来的1/2.5,即40%；不能写：降低了2.5倍)Mission planners estimate that the LAS, together with Orions advanced guidance and control system, would be able to return the crew safely 999 out of 1000 times it is needed. 任务设计者估计，LAS连同猎户座的先进引导和控制系统，可以按照所需的99.9%的安全标准把全体船员安全送返。Because Orions reentry velocity from a moon mission (which is on the order of 11 kilometers a second) will be 41 percent faster than a shuttles descent speed from low Earth orbit, the heat load will be several times greater. 由于猎户座从月球返回的速度（每秒11千米）比航天飞机在近地轨道的下降速度快41%，所以其热负荷将会是航天飞机的几倍。Macromolecules, as the name implies, are molecules much large than the simple, small molecules that the subject of organic chemistry has dealt with thus far. 大分子，正如其名所指，是一些比有机化学学科已经论述很多的、简单的小分子大得多的分子。汉译英：随着高分子工业的迅速发展，越来越多的有机化学家进入高分子领域，从事这个领域的研究。在美国，这个比例大约是50%，即50%的有机化学家在制备高分子，研究它们的性质。With the rapid development of polymer industry, more and more organic chemists began to entre the field. In America, the ratio is 50% , that is 50% of organic chemists are preparing polymer and researching their properties.高分子聚合物是指那些平均分子量在10000以上的物质。按照来源，高聚物可分为天然高分子和合成高分子。天然高分子包括多糖、蛋白质和天然橡胶等。合成高分子可按化学反应的性质分为加聚物和缩聚物。按照主链结构，天然高分子和合成高分子都可分为线形高分子和体型高分子High polymers are materials possessing an average molecular weight above 10000. According to origin, polymers may be classified as naturally occurring polymers and synthetic polymer. Naturally occurring polymers including polysaccharides、proteins and natural rubber. Synthetic polymer may be classified as addition polymers and condensation polymers according to the nature of the chemical reaction. According to chain structure, both naturally occurring polymers and synthetic polymer may be classified as linear polymers and cross-linked polymers.总之，高分子聚合物在我们的生活中起的作用越来越大了In a word, high polymers play a more and more important role in our life.The order with respect to some component is the power to which the concentration of that component is raised in the rate law 一些组分的级数是速率定律中那个组分的浓度自乘产生的幂 dispatch 装运，发送 care must be taken t要小心做 moisture content 湿含量 在生产过程中，干燥这个单元通常紧接在蒸发、过滤或结晶之后。干燥，就是指除去水分，常常是生产过程中最后一项操作。干燥之后，产品将被包装和发送(dispatch)。干燥可以减少运输成本、避免腐蚀(corrosion)，有助于保持物质性质稳定。In the manufacturing process, (the unit operation of) drying often follows