2019高考英语一轮基础步练Unit10Money（含解析）北师大版.docx

Unit 10 Money李仕才【阅读理解】 The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts like an adjective.You know that an adjective modifies(修饰),describing a quality of a noun.For example,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun is tea.What about lemon tea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea? English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that people drive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns. Did you notice something unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to race other cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why is the first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914.Cars were a new thing then. There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it is singular.But if the combination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result is phrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for women and girls,and bean soup but not beans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are using more plural nouns in this way. When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether to use an apostrophe(撇号)to show possession.Is it a ladies room?No,it is a ladies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans(老兵)Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honor of military veterans,not owned by veterans.1.Whats the topic of this text?A.The function of nouns.B.Special kinds of adjective.C.A special use of nouns.D.The use of adjectives.2.Adjectival nouns can be used to describe_.A.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.other nouns3.Why is the plural form “sports” is used to describe a noun?A.It is a traditional usage.B.It is a rule of grammar.C.It is a grammar mistake.D.It is a form of stress.4.Which of the following is a correct English expression?A.Ladies room.B.Veterans Day.C.Veterans Day.D.Veterans Day.参考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析： 1.主旨大意题。本文谈论名词的一种特殊用法:作定语。由第一段得出。2.细节理解题。形容词性名词用来修饰其他名词。由第二段最后一句Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns得出。3.推理判断题。复数名词sports作定语是一种传统用法。由第三段倒数第二句A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914得出。4.细节理解题。Veterans Day“美国退伍军人节”,两个名词之间不是所属关系,不能用撇号。由最后一段得出。 完形填空One day, a professor entered the classroom and asked his students to prepare for a surprise test.They waited anxiously at their desks for the test to begin.The professor _1_ the question papers, with the text facing down as usual._2_ he handed them all out, he asked his students to _3_ the page and begin.To everyones surprise, there were no _4_， just a black dot in the center of the page.The professor, seeing the expression on everyones face, told them the following：“I want you to write what you _5_ there.”The students, _6_， got to start on the inexplicable (费解的) task.At the end of the class, the professor _7_ all the answer papers and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students.All of them, with no _8_， described the black dot, trying to explain its position in the middle of the sheet.After all had been _9_， the classroom silent, the professor began to explain：“Im not going to grade(打分) this.I _10_ wanted to give you something to think about.No one wrote about the _11_ part of the paper.Everyone focused on the black dot, and the same happens in our _12_We have a white paper to observe and _13_， but we always focus on the dark spots.Our life is a _14_ given to us with love and care, and we always have _15_ to celebrate: nature renewing itself every day, our friends around us, the job that _16_ our livelihood and the miracles we see every day._17_， we insist on focusing only on the dark spots: the health issues that bother us, the lack of money, the _18_ relationship with colleagues, the _19_ with a friend，etc.The dark spots are very _20_ compared to everything we have in our lives, but they are the ones that pollute our minds.”【解题导语】文章通过教授给学生做的一项小测试，说明生活中可享受的有很多，不要只看到“小黑点”。1A.handed outBwrapped upCreferred to Dpointed atA解析：句意：教授分发了试卷，像往常一样，有题目的那一面朝下。根据后文的he handed them all out可知，这里指分发(handed out)试卷。wrap up意为“包裹；圆满完成”；refer to意为“参考；涉及”；point at意为“指着”。故选A项。2A.Since BUntil CIf DAfterD解析：句意：发完所有试卷后，他让学生们把试卷翻过来开始答题。根据常识，先发试卷后做题。3A.fold Bturn Copen DuseB解析：句意见上一题解析。发试卷的时候题目那一面朝下，因此让学生翻过来(turn)再答题。fold意为“折叠”；open意为“打开”；use意为“使用”。B项符合语境。4A.exercises Bchoices Cquestions DscoresC解析：句意：令所有人惊讶的是，试卷上没有题目，只有一个黑点在试卷的中间。根据上文的the question papers可知试卷上本应该是题目，但是没有题目。故选C项。5A.remember Bimagine Cstudy DseeD解析： 句意：我想让你们写出你们看到了什么。remember意为“记得”；imagine意为“想象”；study意为“学习；研究”；see意为“看见”。根据后文可知，学生毫无例外，都在描述那个小黑点，由此推断出教授让学生们描述看到了什么。故选D项。6A.surprised Bconfused Ccurious DdispleasedB解析：句意：学生们很困惑(confused)，开始这项令人费解的任务。surprised意为“惊讶的”；curious意为“好奇的”；displeased意为“不开心的，生气的”。根据后面inexplicable的中文释义“费解的”可推断confused符合语境。故选B项。7A.collected Bfinished Cmarked DselectedA解析：根据常识，考完试后应把试卷都收起来。因此，此处指教授收集(collected)所有的试卷，并开始当着学生的面大声地读出每一份答案。finish意为“完成”；mark意为“打分”；select意为“挑选”。8A.excuse Bdoubt Cexception DexplanationC解析：根据空前的All of them可知， 所有人都毫无例外地(with no exception)描述了中间那个小黑点。故选C项。excuse意为“借口”； doubt意为“怀疑”； explanation意为“解释”。9A.said Banswered Creturned DreadD解析：根据前文的and started reading each one of them aloud可知， 教授在全班面前读同学们交的答案。因此，此处指在教授读(read)完所有的答案之后，整个班级陷入了沉默。10A.also Bjust Ceven DfinallyB解析：句意：我不打算给答案打分，我只是(just)想让你们去思考一些问题。根据语境可知选B项。11A.big Bblack Cbeautiful DwhiteD解析：句意：没有人写关于纸上的白色部分(除小黑点之外的部分)。根据上文可知，所有人都描述了那个小黑点，由此可推断这里是white part，故选D项。12A.lives Bclassrooms Ccolleges DstudiesA解析：句意：每个人都在关注那个小黑点，类似的情况也发生在我们的生活(lives)中。由后文可知，教授在讲我们的生活，故选A项。13A.send Bkeep Cenjoy DshowC解析：句意：我们有一整张白纸来观察和欣赏(enjoy)根据下文可知，生活就像一份带着爱和关心的礼物，C项符合语境。14A.burden Bgift Cpressure DlessonB解析：句意：我们的生活就像一份带着爱和关心的礼物(gift)burden意为“负担”；pressure意为“压力”；lesson意为“教训；课”；根据关键词love和care，以及下一句的celebrate可知B项符合语境。15A.reasons Btime Cfreedom DfestivalsA解析：句意：我们总有很多庆祝的理由(reasons)：大自然的自我更迭，我们身边的朋友，给我们提供生计的工作以及我们每天见证的奇迹。根据冒号之后的内容可知，A项正确。16A.threatens Bruins Cprovides DchangesC解析：句意见上一题解析。threaten意为“威胁”；ruin意为“毁灭”；change意为“改变”；此句为定语从句，先行词为the job，在定语从句中作主语，livelihood“生计”为宾语，因此本空应填谓语动词，provides our livelihood意为“为我们提供生计”。故选C项。17A.However BTherefore CBesides DMoreoverA解析：句意：然而，我们只关注那些“黑点”：困扰我们的健康问题、缺钱、与同事复杂的(complicated)关系、与朋友相处中的失望(disappointment)等等。therefore意为“因此”；besides意为“除此以外”；moreover意为“而且；此外”；上一段中教授讲到生活中积极的一面，根据下文的dark spots可知，本段说的是消极的一面，故用However表示转折。18A.close Bcomplicated Cspecial DstrongB解析：句意见上一题解析。close意为“亲近的”； special意为“特殊的”； strong意为“坚强的”；由于本句所在段落着眼于生活中不如意的事情，故用complicated(复杂的)，符合语境。19A.stay BcontactCsatisfaction DdisappointmentD解析：所在句子讲的是生活中遇到的所谓“负面”的事，故disappointment(失望)符合语境；stay意为“停留”；contact意为“联系”；satisfaction意为“满意”；由此可知答案选D项。20A.dark Bround Csmall DdirtyC解析：句意：与生活中的事情相比，“黑点”只是很小的(small)一部分，然而却能污染我们的心灵。dark意为“黑色的”；round意为“圆的”；dirty意为“脏的”；根据compared to everything可知，small符合语境。 语法填空Ocean pollution is serious.It can kill ocean creatures 1._even harm humans.Its vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.Pollution in the oceans 2._ (severe) harms sea creatures.For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food.As a result, their bellies fill up with plastic from bottles, 3._ (contain) and beach toys.This can be deadly to the animals.Ocean pollution 4._ (cause) risks to humans, too.Polluted water can result 5._ diseases among swimmers.Also, people eat fish 6._ might be poisoned with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious，7._(believe) that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution.However, the examples of ocean creatures 8._ (kill) by pollution prove them wrong.In 9._ (conclude), its clear that ocean pollution is a 10._(challenge) problem.We need to learn more about how to stop it.【解题导语】本文为说明文。海洋污染不仅对海洋生物而且对人类都造成了危害，一些人认为海洋如此之大，它可以吸收各种污染，然而事实表明他们的想法是错误的。1and解析：考查连词。前后两个谓语动词为递进关系，故用and连接。2severely解析：考查副词。设空处需用副词修饰动词harms。3containers解析：考查名词。根据前后的bottles，beach toys可知设空处应为名词，且为名词复数形式。4causes解析：考查主谓一致。主语ocean pollution为第三人称单数，故答案为causes。句意：海洋污染对人类也造成了危害。5in解析：考查介词。固定短语：result in导致，产生。6that/which解析：考查定语从句。people eat fish为主句。其后为定语从句，先行词为fish。将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故用that或which引导。7believing解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。believe与主语some people为逻辑上的主动关系，故设空处用现在分词(believing)作状语。8killed解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。“_(kill)by pollution”作定语修饰名词ocean creatures。kill与ocean creatures之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。9conclusion解析：考查名词。固定搭配：in conclusion总之。10challenging解析：考查形容词。challenging意为：具有挑战性的。、七选五Ways to get rid of jealousy Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling comes from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others better lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 1 . It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy.Be confident.Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the fake it till you makes its method. 2 Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others.Dont compare yourself.Comparison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid comparing yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom.A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 3 We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure. 4 When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle.Make a healthy change.Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone elses accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 5 A. Act positively.B. Think positively.C. Jealousy is like a snake.D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness .E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself.F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually become natural to you.G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫉妒对人们的危害，并给人们提出了摆脱嫉妒的三点建议。1.D 【解析】根据前文的Jealousy is like a poison.及空后的It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.可知嫉妒就像毒药，它会毁掉关系、友谊和满足感，故此处应指嫉妒有扼杀幸福的潜在力量。故选D。3.G 【解析】根据前文的A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.（通过重视不完美是一个很好的方法）及空后We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.（整个一生中，我们都在不断地成长和改进，这也正是失败的价值所在。）可知此处应指我们应该把我们的不足当成一种学习的经历，而不是让它成为让我们感觉糟糕的因素。故选G。4.B 【解析】根据段落中的When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well（当你感觉郁闷时，让自己想一想自己身上积极的品质。回忆一下你擅长的事情）可知，本段的主题应是思想要积极。故选B。5.E 【解析】根据前文的If you feel jealous of someone elses accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.（如果你对别人的成绩感到嫉妒时，要把它作为更加努力地工作去实现自己目标的动力。只要记住，如果你想要的改变是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此处应指我们应该把嫉妒感当成自我发展的动力。故选E。、短文改错There are many people think that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce.He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do.Health is