2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版.docx

Unit 3Inventors and inventions李仕才【短文语法填空】I want to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy _1_ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much _2_ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racingbicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed _3_ taking part in a race and winning.On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found _4_ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, _5_ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I _6_ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I _7_ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it _8_ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered _9_ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle _10_ (get) me the guitar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。儿子在暑期辛苦挣钱，买了他喜爱的赛车；在“我”生日时，他送给了“我”一把漂亮的吉他。后来“我”才知道，他用卖掉了心爱的赛车的钱给“我”买了这把吉他。1himself根据本句的主语“He”可知，此处应用he的反身代词，指他整个夏天都在努力工作，以赚取足够的钱给自己买一辆赛车。故填himself。2that句意：我是如此爱我的儿子，以至于我给他买了一副太阳镜和一副手套。so .that .为固定结构，意为“如此以至于”。故填that。3of句意：他梦想参加比赛并且获胜。dream of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。4a根据空格后的“guitar”可知，“我”在桌子上发现了一把漂亮的吉他；此处泛指“一把吉他”。故填a。5saying此处指在吉他旁边有一张卡片，上面写着“祝漂亮的妈妈生日快乐”；card和say之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填saying。6joked根据该句中的“remembered”可知，该句陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填joked。7had forgotten根据该句中的“but my son remembered”可知，“我”的儿子记得这件事情；这件事情应是在“我”儿子想起之前“我”已经忘记了，故用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。8seriously根据空格前的动词“took”可知，空格处修饰该动词，故用副词seriously，此外take sth.seriously为固定搭配。9how空格处引导宾语从句，指当“我”想知道儿子是怎样买到这把昂贵的吉他的时候。故用how引导该宾语从句。10to get儿子卖掉了他的赛车，给“我”买了这把吉他。空格处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填to get。distinguish vi.& vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别(1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于，使具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself(as.)(作为)表现突出(2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的be distinguished for.因而出名(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的(教材原句)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害到它们。It is hard to distinguish him from his twin brother.很难辨认出他和他的孪生兄弟。As far as I know，she has already distinguished (distinguish) herself as an athlete.据我所知，作为运动员她已享有盛名。bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育(1)bear to do/doing sth.忍受做某事bear sb.to do sth.容忍某人做某事(2)cant bear/stand/tolerate sb/sbs doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备bear/keep.in mind 记住(教材原句)I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。(2016浙江卷)However，a plan can_bear (bear) no fruit without being actually carried out.然而，一项不实施的计划是没有结果的。(1)bear作为动词，作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指“生育，生产”，而born指“出生”。如后跟by sb.时，仍用borne这个形式。(2)bear作“忍受”讲时，后可跟v.ing或不定式作宾语，且多与can，could连用。She couldnt bear his visiting (visit) her together with a big white bear.Worse still，the bear bore (bear) a baby bear before long.她不能忍受他和一头大白熊一起来拜访她。更糟糕的是，那头熊不久生下了一头小熊。associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴(1)(2)(教材原句)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(2016上海卷)This saying is_associated (associate) with the Germanborn architect Mies van der Rohe.这个谚语与出生于德国的建筑师Mies van der Rohe 有关系。The first step to making friends is_associating (associate) with other people.交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。【七选五】Coming facetoface with your inadequacies can be painful，to say the least.It challenges the way that you believe people see you and even makes you question yourself._1_.But handling negative feedback properly will not only make you look wellbehaved，but it could eventually help you grow as a person.Heres how to do it.Be objective about criticism(批评)Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other persons opinion，take a step back and look at it allsidedly._2_，dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate._3_.Be open to the idea of change_4_.And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance(认知失调)” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most.“People have a view of themselves or the world that they only seek to confirm，not adjust or change，” Dr.Benn，a psychologist explains.“They may ignore criticism because they wish to avoid having to change，or because it makes them feel bad，or because they feel it is not helpful.”Ask questionsIf youre open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement, you will likely need more information.The initial moment you hear the criticism may not be the best time to ask for more details.Your emotions will be riding high，and you may not be particularly willing to accept extra information._5_.“Engage with the person who criticized you，asking what you can do differently or how you can do better，” says Dr.Benn.Even if you dont agree with their advice，thank them and promise to consider it.AWhen you cant hear clearlyBMost of us are pretty stubbornCNext time you get a bad reviewDBut its best to avoid getting into an argumentEYour immediate reaction may be to defend yourselfFGive yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate itGHowever，when you feel ready，it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面告诉我们，当面对质疑或者批评的时候，我们应该怎么做。难句分析：Even if you dont agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.(最后一段最后一句)译文：即使你不同意他们的建议，但仍然要感谢他们并且承诺会考虑他们的建议。词汇积累：inadequacy n不足springboard n基础，出发点to say the least退一步说，至少可以这么说1EIt challenges the way that you believe people see you and even makes you question yourself.(第一段第二句)译文：这质疑了你认为别人看待你的方式，甚至会让你开始怀疑自己。解题思路：根据关键句及语境可知，当别人质疑你的时候，你的第一反应肯定是要保护自己(defend yourself)。故选E。2C根据“Be objective about criticism(批评)”及空格后的“dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather.”可知，下次当你收到不好的评论时，不要立即让你的情感占了上风。故选C。3F根据上文可知，你要花时间去仔细想想这些批评是否都是正确的。F项“给你自己一个机会去真正接收并评估这些信息”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。4BAnd it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance(认知失调)” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most.(第三段第二句)译文：这可能是由于一个叫做认知失调的观念阻止我们去改变甚至是当我们最需要改变事情的时候。解题思路：根据关键句可知，B项“我们中的大多数人都相当固执”能够引起下文，符合语境。故选B。5G上文提到当你最初听到批评的声音，你的情绪会很激动，不太愿意接受更多的批评；下文提到你要尽力去理解批评你的人，问对方你还能做什么或怎么能做得更好。由此可知，此处应用一个表转折的句子承上启下。故选G。call up 给打电话；使回忆起(1)call for 需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接(某人)call on 要求；请求；拜访某人call at (火车等)停靠；拜访某地call off 取消call out 大声说；召唤某人call in 请来，召来；收回call back 召回(2)与打电话相关的短语：打电话：give sb.a ring/call；call up回电话：ring back挂断电话：ring off；hang up别挂断电话：hang/hold on(教材原句)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。The Ministry of Education calls on students to_exercise (exercise)for an hour every day.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。The picture called up memories of her childhood.这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。set about(doing sth.)开始，着手(干某事)set out (to do)出发；企图；打算(做)set down 让下车；记下，写下set off 使爆炸；引起；使(某人)开始(做某事)set up 树立(榜样)；设立；创立；造成；产生set sth.aside 将放在一起；拨出(钱、时间)；不理会set off forset out forleave for 出发(到某地去)(教材原句)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。The driver set her down at the station.司机在车站停下车让她下去。set out表示“开始做某事”，后多跟动词不定式；set about表示“开始(着手)做某事”，多跟doing结构；set off表示“启程，开始”，多指踏上征程，常和on，for等搭配。The young workers set about their work with great enthusiasm.这些年轻的工人们以极大的热情投入到他们的工作中。I wanted to set off early in order to avoid the traffic.我想早点出发以避开交通拥堵。【短文改错】My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!【答案】My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be, he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father!第一处：删除however。考查连词。在as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首时，从句倒装，分析句子结构可知，however多余。第二处：her改为his。考查代词。与上文人称代词he保持一致可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。第三处：neighbor改为neighbors。考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。第四处：has改为had。考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。第五处：a改为the。考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。第六处：scold改为scolding。考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词scolding作介词of的宾语。第七处：our前加to。考查介词。apologize to sb.意为“向某人道歉”，为固定词组搭配，故用介词to。第八处：and改为but。考查连词。not only.but also.意为“不但而且”，为固定结构，故用连词but。第九处：what改为how。考查疑问词。与teaches呼应可知，此处表示方式，故用how。第十处：luckily改为lucky。考查形容词。与I am呼应可知，此处应用形容词lucky作表语。Follow_it_up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。本句句式结构为：祈使句and陈述句。(1)祈使句and陈述句If.，主句Work harder and you will succeed in your studies. If you work harder，youll succeed in your studies. Working (work) harder，you will succeed in your studies.如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。(2)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句If.not.，主句Study hard，or/otherwise youll fail in your exams.If you dont_study (not study) hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.认真学习，否则你会考试不及格。(3)名词词组and陈述句It is really very dangerous.One more (many) step，and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。If you make one more effort，you will succeed.and youll succeed.如果你再努力些，你就会成功。【阅读理解】Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a reputed MIB college. Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the perspective of companys international business growth.Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors.1.The second paragraph is mainly developed by _.A. analyzing causes B. listing figuresC. making comparisons D. proving definition2.More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because _.A. it is a compulsory course in the collegesB. it offers the