小学英语知识汇总.doc

一、字母的大写（1）英语中句子首字母要大写。（2）人名中的名和姓的首字母要大写。（3）国名、城市名的首字母要大写。（4）语言及民族的首字母要大写。（5）职务或称呼的首字母要大写。（6）专有名词的首字母要大写。（7）表示我的字母“I”无论在什么情况下都要大写。二、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。1、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2、物主代词 数 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的三、完全、缩略形式: Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let us wont=will not Ill=I will wasnt=was not 总结：通常情况下，m即am，s即is（但 lets=let us）， re即are ，nt即not （但cant=can not）四、近义词或同义词同义词是指意思相同或相近的词，有时候可以互相换用，以避免重复。by plane-take a plane by ship-take a ship by bike-ride a bikeby train-take a train by subway-take a subway after class-after schoolusually-often near-next to bookstore-book shop find-look forgo straight-go down take-by sour-tart tonight-this eveningwant-be going to must-have to beautiful-pretty draw-painttell-say little-small big-large tall-high wear-put oneach-every sick-ill between-among watch-look, seewish-hope begin-start learn-study shop-storegift-present dear-expensive bike-bicycle speak-talklove-like eat breakfast-have breakfast eat lunch-have luncheat dinner-have dinner play sports-do sports too-eitherwhat about you?-how about you?-and you? climb mountains-do some climbingread some books-do some reading go shopping-do some shoppinggo hiking- do some hiking on the weekend-at the weekend fall-autumn五、反义词或对应词反义词是指单词的意思相反，如：bigsmall, longshort. 对应词是指单词的意思相对,如 manwoman, teacherstudent ，同学们要注意区分。I youmyyour yourmy / ourgoodbadmorningafternoon thisthat usyou whiteblackboygirl teacherstudent comegoweyoufathermothershehe bigsmallopencloserightleft / wrongyesno nightday quietactiveinoutherethere longshorttallshortget upgo to bed thesethose warmcoolcoldhotrainysunnynewold expensivecheap youngoldkindstrict strongthin oldnew / youngthinstrong / fatactive quietin front ofbehind villagecityusuallysometimessummerwinteralwaysnever updownwhybecausebrothersisterkeylock wake upsleep always-neverusually-sometimes often-sometimes near-farfast-slow easy-hard get on-get off east-westnorth-south left-right wrong-right out side-in sidebusy-free buy-sell learn-teach with-withoutactor-actress policeman-policewoman taller-shorterstronger-thinner older-younger little-big bigger-smallerhead-tail heavy-light longer-shorter happy-unhappysad-happy last-first below-above same-differentsomebody-nobody forwards - back wards after-beforestop-go on sit-stand 六、同音词。在英语中，有一部分的单词的读音相同，但意义却有着很大的不同。如：see看见sea海 mouse 老鼠mouth嘴 write写 right正确where哪里 wear穿 four四 for为，给 two二too也，太to为pear梨 pair一对 I我 eye眼睛 no 不，不是 know知道meat肉 meet遇见 bye再见 by坐，乘 buy买 son儿子 sun太阳its 它的 its 它的 there 那儿，那里 their他们的 dear 亲爱的 deer小鹿 七、与所给字母同音的单词。在英语中，有些单词的读音与某个字母的读音相同。如：Bbee 蜜蜂Csea 大海see看见Ieye 眼睛Kkey 钥匙Ooh哦 Rare 是Ttea 茶Ywhy为什么八、学生易错词汇1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an，辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物，某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.6.疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why（为什么）when(什么时候）which（哪一个）how old (多大) how many（多少）how much（多少钱）九、 句子是英语学习的核心。从句子使用的目的来分，它可分为四类1、陈述句（肯定句和否定句）2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句）3、祈使句（肯定句和否定句）4、感叹句。四大句子类型的相互转换，对于学生来讲是个难点，为此，可通过说顺口留的形式来帮助学生解决这一难题。如：将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以变成这样的顺口留：疑问疑问调个头，把be(系动词“is are am”)放在最前头。又如：将陈述句的肯定句变成否定句，我们就可以这样说：否定，否定加“not”，加在何处，加在系动词的后面；在句子相互转换的题型中，最难的要算“就下列划线部分提问”或是“看答句，写问句”这种题型了，其实，我们只要熟练掌握疑问词（what，what time, what colour, where， when, who， whose， which， how， how old ，how tall, how long, how big, how heavy , how much， how many等等）具体用法，了解他们是针对什么提问的，这种题型就很容易做了。对于这些疑问词，我建议做一个表格，所这些疑问代词的汉语意思、用来提问什么做成一个表格，对比着记忆，可能效果会更好一些。英语中，疑问词可以分为疑问代词和疑问副词，但在小学阶段，同学们没有必要分得那么清楚，只要明白每个疑问词的意义及用法就可以了。下面是我总结的PEP英语小学阶段出现的疑问词，希望对同学们的复习有一定的帮助。疑问词意义用法例句what什么用来问是什么，叫什么，做什么等1. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？2. Whats your father?你爸爸是干什么的？3. what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么？What time什么时间用来问时间What time is it? 几点了？What time is it now? 现在几点了？What colour什么颜色用来问颜色1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色？2.what colour is your book?你的书本是什么颜色？What about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样？2.what about you? 你呢？3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢？What day星期几用来问星期几1.what day is it today? 今天星期几？2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几？What date什么日期问具体的日期1Whats the date today? 今天是几号？2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号？What for为何目的用来问目的，在一定情况下只可以与why互换What did you buy that for? 你为什么要买那个？when什么时候用来问时间1.when do you get up?你什么时候起床？2. when did you go there? 你什么时候去的那里？where哪里用来问地点1. where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里？2.where are you from? 你是哪里人？3. where are you going to ? 你打算去哪里？which哪一个用来问具体的哪一个1. which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节？2.which class are you in?你在哪一个班？3.which one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？who谁用来问人物是谁1.who is that boy?那个男孩是谁？2. who are you going to with? 你打算和谁一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady?那个漂亮的女士是谁？whose谁的用来问东西是谁的1. whose bag is this? 这是谁的包？2.whose bike is yellow? 谁的自行车是黄色的？why为什么用来问原因1.why do you like spring? 你为什么喜欢春天？2. why did you go there? 你为什么去那里？how怎么样用来询问身体等状况1. how are you? 你好吗？2. how is your mother? 你妈妈好吗？How old几岁用来问年龄1.how old are you? 你几岁了？2. how old is your father? 你爸爸多大了？How long多长用来问长度1.how long are your legs? 你的腿多长？2. how long is your pencil? 你的铅笔多长？How big多大用来问物体的大小1.How big is your bedroom? 你的卧室多大？How tall多高用来问高度2.How tall is your brother? 你弟弟有多高？How heavy多重用来问重量1.How heavy are you? 你有多重？2.How heavy is this box? 这个箱子有多重？How far多远用来问路程1.How far can you dive under the water? 在水下你能游多远？2. How far is it from here? 从这儿去有多远？How many多少用来问数量1.How many apples do you have? 你有多少苹果？2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天？How much多少钱用来问价格1.how much is this dress? 这个连衣裙多少钱？2.how much are these desks? 这些桌子多少钱？How about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题，用法与what about相同1. how about you? 你呢？2. how about that shirt? 那件衬衣怎么样？小学英语句型汇总一、 一般疑问句：Did you read books? 你读书了吗？ Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。 No, I didnt. 不，我没有读过。Is this a teachers desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗？ Is it cold? 冷吗？ Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗？ Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的T恤衫吗？Yes, it is. 是的。No, it isnt. / No, its not. 不，不是的。 Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗？ Yes, I can. 是的，我会。 No, I cant. 不，我不会。Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗？ Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。 No, they arent. 不，它们不是。6、Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗？ Is there a river? 那里有条河吗？ Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。 No, there arent. 不，那里没有。8、Are you eating lunch? 你（们）正在吃午餐吗？ Yes, I am. / Yes, we are. 是的，我正在吃。/ 是的，我们正在吃。 No, I am not. / No, we arent. 不，我没有在吃。/ 不，我们没有在吃。11、Does she/he teach English? 她（他）教英语吗？ Yes, she/he does. 是的，她（他）是。 No, she/he doesnt. 不，她（他）不是。二、谈论时间：What time is it? 几点钟？Its two oclock. 两点钟。Its 9:45. Its time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。What day is it today? 今天星期几？Its Wednesday. 星期三。When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 我晚上7点钟吃晚餐。When do you get up? 你几点起床？I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 我一般中午12点钟起床。 When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？Its in May. 在五月。 My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。 Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。Whats the date? 几月几日？ June 9th. 六月九日。三、谈论颜色：What colour is it? 什么颜色？Its white. 白色。四、谈论地点：Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？Im going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。Where does she work? 她在哪工作？ She works in a hospital. 她在医院工作。Where does the rain come from? 雨从哪来？It comes from the clouds. 它从云里来。Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪？ Its next to the hospital. 在医院旁边。Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. Its on the left. 在电影那左转，然后直走。它在你的左边。Many clothes are in the closet. 很多的衣服在衣柜里。The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在门后。五、谈论价格：How much is it? 这个多少钱？ Its ten yuan. 十元。 How much are they? 它们多少钱？Theyre three yuan. 它们三元。六、谈论数量：How many horses are there? 那有多少匹马？Twelve. 十二匹。七、谈论人物：Whos your English teacher? 你的英语老师是谁？ Mr Carter. 卡特先生。Whats he like? 他长什么样？ Hes tall and strong. 他又高又强壮。How old are you? 你几岁？八、谈论喜好：Whats your favourite fruit? 你最喜欢的水果是什么？ I like apples. Theyre sweet. 我喜欢苹果。它们很甜。I like fruit. But I dont like grapes. Theyre sour. 我喜欢水果。但我不喜欢葡萄。它们很酸。 Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？ I like winter best. 我最喜欢冬天。 Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season. 夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Why do you like summer? 你为什么喜欢夏天？ Because I can swim in the lake. 因为我可以在湖里游泳。 Why do you like winter? 你为什么喜欢冬天？ Because I can sleep a long time. 因为我可以睡很长的时间。Whats your hobby? 你的爱好是什么？I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。 He likes collecting stamps, too. 他也喜欢收集邮票。九、谈论事情：This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。 That is your computer. 那是你的电脑。 Lets play football. 让我们踢足球吧。 This is Zhang Peng. 这是张鹏。 What did you do last weekend? 你上个周末做了什么？I played football. 我踢了足球。 What are you going to buy? 你打算去买什么？I am going to buy a comic book. 我打算去买一本漫画书。 What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算去做什么？Im going to visit my grandparents this weekend.这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母。What are they doing? 他们在做什么？Theyre swimming. 他们在游泳。They are climbing trees. 他们在爬树。 What is it doing? 它在做什么？Its eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉What is she doing? 她在做什么？Shes jumping.她在跳。What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ Im doing the dishes. 我正在洗碗。 Im reading a book. 我正在读书。 Grandpa is writing a letter. 爷爷正在写信。 Brother is doing homework. 兄弟正在做作业。Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈正厨房里烧饭。 Hes writing an e-mail in the study. 他正在书房里写一封电子邮件。 What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。 Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课？ We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 星期四我们有英语，数学和科学课。What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。 What about you? 你呢？I do my homework, too. 我也做我的家庭作业。What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么？We have tomat