大学计算机基础习题答案.doc

romoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, strongly against violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as wellrelationship between Government and business. The two sessions, General Secretary of Pro, clear the word succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that Pro, clean practicing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, law enforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesnt easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. To guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancing expectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. To uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level . Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to lawchain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rulechain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rule第1章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: ACBDA 6-10: ABCAA 11-15: BCBB A二、填空题1. 五 电子管 晶体管 中小规模集成电路 大规模超大规模集成电路2. 通用计算机 专用计算机3. 巨型机 大中型机 小型机 微型机 工作站 服务器4. 光子计算机 DNA计算机 量子计算机5. 字节 扇区6. 地址总线 控制总线 数据总线7. 系统 应用8. 运算器 存储器 输出设备9. 取指令 分析指令10. 运算器 控制器11. 主存储器（内存） 辅助存储器（外存）12. 用户 计算机三、简答题1. 电子计算机根据采用的基本电子元器件的不同，可以划分为：第一代电子管计算机时代（1945-1956），该时期的计算机的基本电子元件是电子管；第二代晶体管计算机时代（1956-1963），该时期的计算机的基本电子元件是晶体管；第三代集成电路计算机时代（1964-1971），该时期的计算机的许多元件集成到单一的半导体芯片上，即集成电路；第四代大规模集成电路计算机（1971-现在），该时期的电子元件集成在大规模或超大规模集成电路上；第五代未来新型计算机，如超导计算机、纳米计算机、光子计算机、DNA计算机和量子计算机。2. 计算机的发展主要包括以下5个方面：（1）巨型化：指发展高速、大存储量和强功能的巨型计算机。（2）微型化：指利用微电子技术和超大规模集成电路技术，把计算机的体积进一步缩小，价格进一步降低。（3）智能化：计算机具有模拟人的感觉和思维过程的能力，使计算机成为智能计算机。（4）网络化：所谓计算机网络化，是指用现代通信技术和计算机技术把分布在不同地点的计算机互联起来，组成一个规模大、功能强、可以互相通信的网络结构。（5）多媒体：利用计算机技术、通信技术和大众传播技术，来综合处理多种媒体信息的计算机。3. 计算机的特点包括：运算速度快、精度高、存储容量大、具有可靠的逻辑判断力、可靠性高和通用性强。4. 计算机的主要应用领域包括：（1）科学计算：利用计算机的高速性、大存储量、连续运算能力，可以进行繁琐而复杂、人工难以完成甚至根本无法完成的各种科学计算问题。（2）数据处理：指用计算机对各种形式的数据如文字、图像、声音等收集、存储、加工、分析和传输的过程，常泛指非科学计算方面、以管理为主的所有应用。（3）过程控制：指用计算机作为控制部件对单台设备或整个生产过程进行控制。（4）计算机辅助设计（computer aided design，CAD）：指用计算机帮助工程技术人员进行设计工作。采用CAD可以使设计工作半自动化或自动化，不仅可以大大缩短设计周期，节省人力物力，而且能降低生产成本，达到最佳设计效果，保证产品质量。（5）现代教育：包括计算机辅助教学、计算机模拟、多媒体教室、网上教学。（6）人工智能：比如应用在医疗工作中的医学专家系统，能模拟医生分析病情，为病人开出药方，提供病情咨询等。机器制造业中采用的智能机器人，可以完成各种复杂加工、承担有害与危险作业。（7）家庭管理与娱乐（8）网络与通信5. 控制器主要由指令寄存器、译码器、程序计数器、操作控制器等组成。计算机自动工作的过程，实际上是自动执行程序的过程，而程序中的每条指令都是由控制器来分析执行的，是计算机实现“程序控制”的主要部件。6. 如果想让计算机工作，就得先把程序编写出来，然后通过输入设备送到存储器中保存起来，即程序存储。接着就是执行程序，根据冯诺依曼的设计，计算机应能自动执行程序。执行程序又归结为逐条执行指令，该过程分为取指令、分析指令和执行指令三个阶段。7. 衡量计算机性能的主要指标有基本字长、存储容量、运算速度、性能/价格比、外设和软件配置几个方面。基本字长：参与计算的数据的二进制位数称基本字长。字长标志着运算精度，位数越多，精度越高，但价格也越高。存储容量：存储容量包括主存容量和辅存容量两项指标，是指存储器中存储单元的个数。运算速度：用每秒执行的指令的条数来表示。一般表示为MIPS，即：每秒百万条指令。现在多用CPU的时钟频率来表示。性能/价格比：简称性价比，是一项综合指标，性价比越大，表明计算机的性能越好，价格越低。外设配置：计算机从结构上允许配置的基本外设和扩充外设的种类和数量。8. 中央处理器简称CPU（Central Processing Unit），它是计算机的核心，包括运算器和控制器两部分。两大评价标准：（1）CPU的字长：运算器一次性处理的二进制的位数称为字长，是CPU的一个最重要的品质标志。（2）CPU的标准工作频率俗称“主频”，即CPU在单位时间内发出的脉冲数，通常以兆赫（MHz）为单位。主频越高，一个时钟周期内完成的指令数越多，CPU的速度也就越快。9. 操作系统(Operating System，简称OS)是控制和管理计算机全部软、硬件资源为用户提供便捷使用计算机资源的接口或界面。OS是直接运行在“裸机”上的最基本的系统软件，对硬件功能的扩充，配上操作系统的“裸机”被称为“虚拟机”，其功能更强大。其他软件只有在操作系统的支持下才能运行。10. 计算机的存储系统由寄存器、一级缓存、二级缓存、主存（内存）、外存组成，如图所示，存储系统以内存为核心。由于寄存器和一级缓存在CPU内部，因此，通常将二级缓存、主存、外存称为三级存储结构。三级存储结构的存取速度由快到慢的顺序是CPU内部的存储器、一级缓存和二级缓存、内存、外存，单位存储器价格也按此顺序由高到低，容量也按此顺序由小到大。寄存器一级缓存二级缓存内存外存（硬盘、光盘、优盘等）第2章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: D A A B A 6-10: C B D B B 二、填空题1、位、字节2、0、1273、算数运算、逻辑运算4、1.21024、1.210242 、1.210243、1.210244、1.21024485、（1）.1、332.4、DA.8 （2）.、1776.604（3）72.206、51H7、10248、9、10、阶码、尾数11.尾数、阶码12.单字节、双字节和四字节三种方式进行、27000三、简答题1. 答：信息是人们在从事日常生产生活（如工业、农业、军事、商业、管理、文化教育、医学卫生、科学研究等）活动的过程中所涉及到的数字、符号、文字、语言、图形、图像等的总称。数据是存储在某种媒体上并且可以加以鉴别的符号资料。数据的概念具有两方面的含义：一、数据的内容是事物特性的反映或描述。数据是描述、记录现实世界客观实体的本质、特征以及运动规律的基本量化单元。由于描述事物特性必须借助一定的符号，所以数据也存在多种形式；二、数据是存储在某一媒体上的符号的集合。所谓“符号”，不仅仅局限于数字、文字、字母和其他特殊字符，而且还包括图形、图像、动画、影像、声音等多媒体符号。数据和信息和数据的联系：信息是从数据中加工、提炼出来，用于帮助人们正确决策的有用的数据，信息是通过数据的形式来进行表达的；数据是描述客观事实、概念的一组文字、数字或符号等，它是信息的素材，是信息的载体和表达形式。由此可以看出，数据是信息处理的输入，信息是信息处理的输出结果。2.答：（1）（57）原码= （57）反码= （57）补码=（2）（-57）原码= （57）反码= （57）补码=（3）（127）原码= （127）反码= （127）补码=（4）（-127）原码= （127）反码= （127）补码=3.答： .10011 + 1001.11001 .011004.答： 5.答：X原码=、X反码=、X补码=6.答： (675）2=、(675)8=1243、(675)8=2A37.答： (43.625)10=.10188. 答：存储器的容量单位主要有B、KB、MB、GB和TB。若内存大小为512MB，则有51210242个字节。（2是上标）9.答：（-67）原码=、（-67）反码=、（-67）补码=10.答：编码是将人机交互时不能直接表示和处理的数据转换为计算机能够识别的代码的过程。计算机中常用的信息编码有ASCII码、BCD码、国家标准汉字编码集（GB2312-80）等。第3章 课后习题答案一、 单项选择题1-5: DCABA 6-10: ABDAD 11-14: CAAA二、 填空题1、 单用户单任务操作系统、单用户多任务操作系统、多用户多任务操作系统2、 处理机管理、存储器管理、设备管理、文件管理、用户接口3、 多4、 多用户、多任务5、 桌面、对象6、 弹出一个快捷菜单7、 标题栏8、 临时存放被删除的文件9、 实现窗口之间的切换10、 我的电脑11、 程序转为后台运行12、 含有下级文件夹，但还没有展开13、 删除该文件夹及内部的所有内容14、 添加删除程序15、 单用户、单任务、字符三、 问答题1、答：操作系统是控制其它程序运行、管理系统资源并为用户提供操作界面的系统软件的集合。操作系统的主要功能分为处理机管理、存储器管理、设备管理、文件管理和用户接口等五个方面。2、答：按照操作操作环境和功能特征进行分类，可以分为批处理操作系统、分时操作系统、实时操作系统、网络操作系统、分布式操作系统和嵌入式操作系统等。3、答：略。4、答：首先，Windows XP窗口采用了流线型外观，加入了彩色边框和最大（小）化按钮，整个窗口美观漂亮。其次，Windows XP除了提供远程协助外还提供对远程桌面的支持。然后，Windows XP提供了对另一种无线网络介质的支持：802.11b。最后，Windows XP提供对Windows NT/95/Me的兼容模式，保证应用程序正确地运行。5、答：“资源管理器” 的窗口除了具有一般 Windows 窗口的元素 ( 标题栏、菜单栏、工具 栏、地址栏、状态栏 ) 以外，它的独特之处是工作区分成左右两个窗口。资源管理器的左窗口是“文件夹” 窗口，显示了整个计算机资源的树形结构，窗口里面包 括计算机桌面上的所有图标，例如 “我的电脑” 、“我的文档” 及它们的下级图标。右窗口是“内容” 窗口，它显示的是当前盘或文件夹 ( 左窗口选择的对象 ) 的具体内容。可以进行的操作有：浏览文件夹及其内容、设置文件和文件夹的显示方式、更改文件和文件夹的排序方式、设置文件夹其它选项。6、答：文件名由1255个字符组成，可以包含：空格、英文字母（大小写不区分）、数字 、特殊符号（$、#、&、%、空格、加号、逗号、左右方括号、等号、分号等）。不允许出现的字符有/ *？、+ | 等。7、答：打开“资源管理器”的常用方法如下：u 在桌面“我的电脑”图标上单击鼠标右键，选择快捷菜单中“资源管理器”菜单项。u 在图3-9“我的电脑”窗口中，单击工具栏上的“文件夹”按钮。u 在“开始”按钮上单击鼠标右键，选择弹出快捷菜单中的“资源管理器”菜单项。u 单击“开始”，选择“所有程序”“附件”“Windows资源管理器”菜单项。8、答：首先打开控制面板，然后双击显示图标，随即弹出显示属性窗口。选择屏幕保护程序选项卡，从下拉菜单中选择要使用的屏幕保护程序，如果希望系统在空闲多少分钟后让Windows启动屏幕保护程序，并在所提供的框中输入该时间。如果要更改设置，请单击设置。根据屏幕保护程序的不同，此窗口可能会提供一个或多个可以修改的选项。完成对设置的更改后，单击确定。此外，还可以选中“在恢复时使用密码保护”框，用屏幕保护程序为计算机提供安全性。再次单击确定，屏幕保护程序就设置完成。9、答：在“控制面板”窗口中双击“鼠标”图标，打开“鼠标属性”对话框，选择“鼠标键”选项卡中的“鼠标键配置”选项组，系统默认左键为主要键，如果用户想用左手操作鼠标，可以选中“切换主要和次要的按钮”复选框，设置右键为主要键，即鼠标左右键互换；在“双击速度”选项组中拖动滑块可调整鼠标的双击速度，双击旁边的文件夹可检验设置速度效果；在“单击锁定”选项组中，若选中“启用单击锁定”复选框，则可以在移动项目时不用一直按着鼠标键就可实现选择“指针”选项卡。在该选项卡中，“方案”下拉列表中提供了多种鼠标指针的显示方案，用户可以从中选择合适的鼠标指针方案，在“自定义”列表框中就会显示该方案中鼠标指针在各种状态下显示的样式。如果希望鼠标指针带阴影，可选中“启用指针阴影”复选框。10、答：在任务栏的右端显示有系统提供的时间，将鼠标指向时间栏稍有停顿即会显示系统日期。在计算机中，时间和日期是操作系统从用户设置的BIOS得到的，用户可以在控制面板窗口中双击“日期和时间”图标或在任务栏中双击时间指示来对日期、时间和区域等进行设置。第4章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: ADDBB 6-10: DABBB 11-15: AACCD二、填空题1、标题栏、Office按钮、功能区、文本编辑区、状态栏2、存档（保存）3、首行缩进、悬挂缩进、左右边界缩进4、普通视图、阅读版式视图、Web版式视图、大纲视图5、左对齐、居中、右对齐、两端对齐第5章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: CBCCB 6-10: DBDBD 11-15: CCCBC 16-20: DCDCA二、填空题1Book12H3数值型4=5COUNTIF( )6布局7窗口和结构8高级筛选9对分类字段进行排序10冻结窗格第6章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: CBBDB 6-10: DCBCD 11-15: DCDCD 16-20: DDBDD二、填空题1.普通视图 2.开始/字体3.占位符 4.设计主题 5.悬挂缩进 6.幻灯片母板、讲义母板和备注母板 7.分散对齐、两端对齐8.幻灯片浏览视图9.幻灯片/大纲栏、备注栏10.Ctrl+B、Ctrl+L三、简答题1.答案参考配套实验教材第五章的实验五。2.答案参考配套实验教材第五章的实验四。3.答案参考教材第第六章6.3.2节第7章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: CBBDC 6-10: DCCAC 11-15: ACCBC 16-18: DCB二、填空题1关系模型2外键3一对一、一对多、多对多4选择、联接、投影5记录、字段6匹配字段7Like “*篮球*”8行标题、列标题和值9追加查询10等号或“=”第8章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5：A B B D D 6-10：B D C A D 11-14：D B C B二、填空题1、媒质 媒介2、集成性 实时性 交互性3、多媒体个人计算机4、图像 视频5、硬件系统 软件系统6、多媒体数据 多媒体设备7、Windows操作系统8、极强的抗干扰能力9、Quicktime AVI10、实时三、简答题1、多媒体技术是具有集成性、实时性和交互性的计算机综合处理声文图信息的技术。2、多媒体计算机系统由硬件系统和软件系统组成。其中硬件系统主要包括计算机的主要配置和各种外部设备以及各种外部设备的控制接口卡；软件系统包括多媒体驱动软件、多媒体操作系统、多媒体数据处理软件、多媒体创作工具软件和多媒体应用软件。3、数据压缩方法种类繁多，可以分为无损压缩和有损压缩两大类。常用的无损压缩有：行程编码、Huffman编码、算术编码、LZW编码等；常用的有损压缩方法有：PCM、预测编码、变换编码、插值与外推等。4、数字音频压缩技术标准分为电话语音压缩、调幅广播语音压缩和调频广播及CD音质的宽带音频压缩3中。5、位图以像素为基本单位，每个像素都有自己的亮度和颜色，图像的品质和分辨率有关；矢量图一般用在设计软件上，矢量图与分辨率无关，图形间互相独立比较容易分开。第9章 课后习题答案一、选择题1-5: D D B C B 6-10: D C C A C二、名词解释1点对点通信：点对点通信即通常所说的“P2P”通信，采用P2P通信模式的计算机之间处于对等地位，即任何计算机既可以作为服务器来向其他计算机提供资源，也可以作为客户机使用其他计算机的资源。2. 分组交换：分组交换是一种特殊的报文交换格式，它将一个长的报文划分为许多定长的报文分组，以分组作为基本的传输单位。3. 广域网：广域网覆盖是范围的地理位置更广的网络结构，它将不同地区的局域网或城域网连接起来，形成规模更大的国际性远程网络（如Internet），达到资源共享、即时通信的目的。4. 网关：网关是一个网络连接到