高一英语直接引语和间接引语.ppt

Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,& indirect speech,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在括号内, 这叫直接引语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).,直接引语与间接引语,由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化,时态变化 人称变化 状语变化（时间状语和地点状语） 句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句）,由直接引语变为间接引语须遵循 “一去引号, 二加引导词及调语序,三变化人称及时态等”的步骤.,1 时态变化,由直接引语变为间接引语是不是必须得变时态?,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去完成进行时,过去完成时,直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况,当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。 当直接引语是客观真理时。 当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。 当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。,She says, “Miss liu is good at English.” She says Miss liu is good at English.,He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes around the sun Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ” Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.,She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there.,He said, “ Where there is a will, there is a way. ”(有志者，事竟成 ) He said that where there is a will, there is a way.,He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.” He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,GOOD LUCK,注意,主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时。,“I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree.” He told the police. He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.” He told the police.,人称变化,不需要强记,根据句子意思所指来判断.,He said, “I like it very much.”,He said that he liked it very much. He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.,状语变化,She said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She told me she would see her the next week.,句型变化,直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化： 直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连词that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say、tell等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化 “Im tired,”he said. He said (that) he was tried. Jim said, “Ive read Tony s book and I didnt understand it.” Jim said (that) he had read Tony s book and he didnt understand it.,直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：,直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意： 间接引语应改为陈述语序。 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if)。 “Is there something wrong,Madam?”asked the policeman. The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was something wrong. She asked, “What it is? Whats going to happen now?” She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. “Its Mary,isnt it?”asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary.,“Is it Mary or Lucy?”asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary or Lucy.,注意 Whether 可与or not 连用, 表示一种选择。而if 则不可。 He wants to know whether or not we went to dinner. 当疑问词作主语时，间接引语的语序不变。 “Whats the matter with you?”said the docotor. The docotor asked whats the matter with me.,Michael Phelps,“I have a long body and long arms, a gift and love for swimming.”,Phelps said he had a long body and long arms, and a gift and love for swimming.,“I started swimming at an young age in order to treat my ADHD disease.”,Phelps said he had started swimming at an young age in order to treat his ADHD disease.,“I receive a 5-hour training every day.”,Phelps said he received a 5-hour training every day.,“I always desire to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world records.”,Phelps said he always desired to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world records.,“One of my favorite things is to compete with the best swimmers in the world.”,Phelps said one of his favorite things was to compete with the best swimmers in the world.,“I have many goals, and all of them are high.”,Phelps said he had many goals, and all of them were high.,“I will always try my best to be Phelps No.1.”,Phelps said he would always try his best to be Phelps No.1.,My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week.,My brother told me he was going to have a holiday the next week. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room.,He asked , “Can I borrow your bike?”,He asked whether/if he could borrow my bike. Tom said to me, “Do you like football?” Tom asked me whether/if I liked football.,He said, “These books are mine.”,He said that those books were his. She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.,“ Ill finish my work tomorrow,”she said.,She said that she would finish her work the next day. “ Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?”he asked me. He asked me whether/if I would go abroad or stay in Beijing. He asked her, “You have passed the eaxm, havent you?” He asked her whether/if she had passed the exam.,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。 “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom. 2. “Is your father kind to you?” she often asks me.,She often asks me whether / if my father is kind to me.,Tom said that he didnt want to go there with Alice.,3. Mother asked me what I was going to be when I grew up. 4. “I have to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend.,“What are you going to be when you grow up?” Mother asked me.,The girl told her friend that she had to study hard to make progress.,5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.,Mr. Smith asked me when I would go back to work.,完成下列句子，将直接引语转 换为间接引语(每空一词)。 1.“It is really cold, but it is so nice to be out on the lake,” she said to me. She _ me that it _ really cold, but it _ so nice to be out on the lake.,told,was,was,2. “Did you ask your boss for a pay increase?” she asked the man. She asked the man _ he _ _ _ boss for a pay increase.,if,had,asked,his,3. The teacher asked the girl, “Why are you crying here?” The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _. 4. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered. I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _.,why she was,there,when the plane would take,off,5. “Have you seen our plane yourself?” he asked the boy. He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _.,whether he had,seen their himself,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面:,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时 “I know it,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。,that/this those/these then before that day/today/yesterday (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before