2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（14）含解析.docx

2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（14）李仕才ADonald John Trump(born June 14, 1946), is an American businessman and politician who became the President-elect of the United Stateson November 8, 2016. Since 1971 he has chairedThe Trump Organization, the principalholding companyfor his real estate ventures and other business interests. Duringhis business career, Trump has built office towers, hotels, casinos, golf courses, andother branded facilitiesworldwide.Trump was born and raised in New York City and received abachelors degreein economics from theWharton Schoolof the University of Pennsylvaniain 1968. In 1971, he was given control of his fatherFred Trumps real estate and construction firm. Trump has appeared at theMiss USApageants, which he owned from 1996 to 2015, and has madecameo appearancesin films and television series.Trump and his businesses, as well as his three marriages, have received prominent media exposure. He hosted a popularNBCreality show, The Apprentice, from 2004 to 2015. As of 2016, he was listed byForbesas the 324th wealthiest person in the world, and 156th in the United States, with a net worth of $3.7 billion in October 2016.Trump first campaigned for the U.S. presidency in2000, winning twoReform Partyprimaries. On June 16, 2015, Trump again announced his candidacy for president, this time as a Republican. Trump became known for his opposition toillegal immigrationandfree trade agreements, as well as his frequently non-interventionistviews on foreign policy, and quickly emerged as the Republican nomination front-runner. As of March 23, 2016, Trump has won 21 contests in the2016 Republican presidential primaries.He was elected as the 45th U.S. presidentin the2016 electionon theRepublicanticket, defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillary Clinton, andis scheduled to take officeon January 20, 2017. At 70 years old, he will be theoldest person to ever assume the presidency.1. This passage is mostly probably taken from _.A. a story bookB. a biography bookC. a science bookD. an advertisement2. Where is Donald Trumps hometown?A. LondonB. ParisC. New YorkD. Beijing3. From the passage, we can know that Donald Trump was _.A. wealthy and sucessfulB. intelligent but meanC. good-tempered and tolerantD. forgetful and sensitive4. We can learn from the passage that _.A. Donald Trump is only successful in business field. B. Donald Trump was born in a poor family.C. Donald Trump is in favor of illegal immigration.D. Donald Trump will be the oldest president of the United States.【文章大意】本文为人物传记。文章中主要介绍了美国总统特朗普。1. B【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是美国新当选的总统特朗普。由此可推知，本文极可能来自与一本人物传记。故选B。2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Trump was born and raised in New York City可知，特朗普的家乡是纽约。故选C。4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的At 70 years old, he will be the oldest person to ever assume the presidency.可推知，特朗普将是历任美国总统中年龄最大的一位。故选D。BMany people rush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_fourlegged_family_member，only to find out that they are not ready for a pet.This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food.There are also parasite(寄生虫)prevention，boarding costs while traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured.That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog，but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner.Another consideration is the time commitment.An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet，the time it takes to feed，walk，play with，bathe and clean up.Also，dogs require attention.Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it.Dogs are dogs，and will act like dogs.This includes barking，digging，having accidents in the house and，possibly，destroying some of the owners prized possessions，such as furniture，shoes and cell phones.If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog，then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner.Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs!1Who might be qualified to be a dog owner，according to the text?AKari，a teacher who works eight hours a day.BJim，who has a daughter sensitive to dogs smell.CDick，a jobless teenager who can hardly pay his rent.DSteven，a business man who travels a lot on business.2To be a responsible dog owner you need to do all the following EXCEPT _Abuying dog food and feeding itBtaking it to hospital when necessaryCspending time each day playing with itDfinding a shelter for it when you are bored with it3What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably mean?ARush to adopt a dog formally.BCommit to buy a dog and take it home.CRun into a pet shelter and take one home so quickly.DDecide to be a pet owner without thinking about it carefully.4What might be the best title for the text?ADogs Are DogsBReady for a Pet?CHave Time for a Dog?DPets Are Family Members【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。1解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。2解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。3解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“only to find out that they are not ready for a pet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。4解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“Ready for a Pet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。CParents say that honesty is the best policy, but they regularly lie to their children as a way of influencing their behavior and emotions, finds new research from the University of Toronto and the University of California.Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying, so Gail Heyman, professor of psychology at the University of California, Diem Luu, a former student of the University of California, and Kang Lee, professor at the University Toronto, set out to explore the underresearched phenomenon. They asked US participants in two related studies about parents lying to their childreneither for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.In one of the studies, many parents reported they told their young children that bad things would happen if they didnt go to bed or eat what they were supposed to. Other parents reported inventing magical creatures. One explained, “We told our daughter that if she wrapped up all her pacifiers (橡皮奶嘴) like gifts, the fair would come and give them to the children who needed them.”In the other study, the researchers surveyed college students recollections about their parents lying and obtained similar results: parents often lie to their children even as they tell them that lying is unacceptable.The researchers refer to this practice as “parenting by lying”. “We are surprised by how often parenting by lying takes place，” said LEE. Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.“Children sometimes behave in ways that are disruptive or are likely to harm their longterm interests，” said Heyman. “It is common for them to try out a range of strategies, including lying, to stop them. However, parents should be concerned about the possible longterm negative consequences to childrens beliefs about honesty.”文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。父母常教育孩子要诚实，但他们自己有时却对孩子撒谎。研究人员就此现象进行了调研，并且提出家长应该考虑到对孩子经常说谎可能会造成的长期的负面影响的结论，并建议家长考虑一些其他的教育方法。1The subject of parental lying _.Awas not allowed to be researched in the pastBattracts little attention because it is commonChasnt got many published results about itDis becoming more and more popular答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying”可知，对于父母撒谎的行为很少有报道。故C项正确。2The study of Gai Heyman, Diem Luu and Kang Lee was focused on parents lies that _.Aaim to cover their mistakesBlead children to hate themCaim to give children a positive influenceDmake children get used to lying答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“They asked US participants in two related studies about. for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.”可知，父母说谎的原因本是想给孩子带来积极的影响。故C项正确。3What does Heyman think of parental lying?AIt is a great parenting strategy.BParents should think twice before using it.CIt usually does more good than harm.DParents should do something to make up for it after using it.答案：B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.”可知，Heyman认为父母应该想清楚对孩子撒谎的问题，在撒谎之前要考虑再三。故B项正确。4Parents usually _ when their young children dont go to bed properly.Aturn off the bedroom lights and play some musicBshout at them loudlyCshut the door and let them aloneDmake up some magical creatures to let them believe答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Other parents reported inventing magical creatures”可知，D项正确。5In which part of a newspaper would you most probably find the passage?ABusiness. BEducation.CTechnology. DFashion.答案：B推理判断题。文章主要讨论了父母在教育孩子时，是否应该撒谎的问题。故最有可能在报纸上的教育一栏出现。故B项正确。D(2015河北七校高三联合考试)Name：Off the Beaten PathCover price: $30.00Our price: $19.80The Readers Digest travel book has 40% new contents including over 200 new sites，over 200 new fullcolor photographs，and allnew，uptodate maps.It spotlights over 1，000 of the United States most overlooked mustsee destinations.Name：Container Gardens by NumberCover price: $15.95Our price: $9.49A unique book contains 50 easytofollow container designs.Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display，with an instruction of the finished planter and indepth(深入的)plant information.The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden.Name：Best Weekend ProjectsCover price: $17.95Our price: $13.96Choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space.The projects are practical，as well as attractive，and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend.These 80 welldesigned projects are presented in a clear，easytofollow style that addresses readers in an accessible，userfriendly tone.Name：1801 Home RemediesCover price: $40.00Our price: $29.96Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home.Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound.Dozens of conditions are covered，from headaches，sunburn，bad breath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，to hiccups(打嗝)1You can most probably read the passage in a _Areference bookBtravel guideCnewspaperDtextbook2What makes Off the Beaten Path different from other books?AIt is the most popular book.BIt doesnt offer a discount.CIt contains colorful pictures.DIt focuses on peoples daily life.3Which book offers the biggest discount?AOff the Beaten Path.B1801 Home Remedies.CBest Weekend Projects.DContainer Gardens by Number.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。1解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。2解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。3解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Cover price”和“Our price”价格计算比较可知，Container Gardens by Number打折最多，故选D项。E(2017湖南十三校第一次联考)With fast food and convenience at our fingertips on every corner and at every turn, it is becoming increasingly hard to stay in shape. Staying healthy has been more and more difficult for many of the common people. To oppose this we would like to arm you with four ways of staying healthy and feeling great. You really are what you eat.Its true, and theres no way around it. You cant be sitting there staring at that plate of fried chicken, hoping that you will feel amazed later in the day. We have to be in reality about what we eat. If we are putting dead and fried food in our bellies, what is going to come out is exhausted energy and illness. Enjoy the sun. Enjoy the sunshine, or the wind or cold for that matter. In other words, get outside. Take a walk. Do it every single day. You dont have to be doing intense and heavy runs day in and day out, but you do need to be moving. You see, a healthy metabolism(新陈代谢)will only come from an active lifestyle. Those who have a sedentary living, sitting in office chairs or hardly moving, will have bodies adapted to that lifestyle. But if your body thinks that it needs to burn, then it will get in the habit of burning. Shop around the outside of the grocery store.This is becoming more and more of a popular saying among healthfood advocates. The inner passages are far more likely to be filled with preservatives(防腐剂)and chemicals to keep those boxed and packaged foods fresh for long periods of time. Yet eating fresh fruits, vegetables, unprocessed meats and so forth wi