教案：七年级下册仁爱英语语法.doc

.七年级下册仁爱英语语法一，there be1. there be句型（一） (1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物某人+地点时间（介词短语），意为“某处某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定有两种句式： There is+单数名词不可数名词+介词短语：如： There is a computer in the study 书房里有一台电脑。 There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水。 There are+名词复数形式+介词短语。如： There are some flowers in the garden 花园里有一些花。 be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。 There is a chair and two desks in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。 There are two desks and a chair in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。 (2)there be结构的否定句： there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如： There is an apple on the plate盘子里有一个苹果。 There isnt an apple on the plate盘子里没有苹果。(3)there be结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答： there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes，there is/are. 否定回答：No，there isnt/arent . -Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？ -Yes.there are./No,there arent 是的，有。不，没有。 -Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑吗？ -Yes,there is，/No，there isnt 是的，有。不，没有。2. there be句型（二）(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用whats+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如： There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。 Whats in the room? 房间里面有什么？ There are many students in the class room（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。 Whats in the classroom教室里面有什么？(2)针对there be结构中名词的数量提同，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如： Theres a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。 How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？ Therere some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。 How much meet is there in the bowl. ?在碗里有多少肉? 3. there be句型（三）there be与have(has)的用法区别：there be句型表示“某处某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。I have a new bike我有一辆新自行车：The cat has two black ears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里面有很多花。There is a computer in Kangkangs room.= Kangkang has a computer in his room.在康康房间里有一台电脑。 二，时态1.现在进行时现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作 ，常与now, at the moment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：Mary is having lunch with her parents now 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。动词的现在分词的构成规则： 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如：Sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping 2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态常和yesterday, last night/year, two days/weeks ago, just now. a moment ago，in 1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： I was a student two years ago两年前我是一个学生。 He sang an English song yesterday昨天他唱了一首英文歌. Did he perform Chinese kung fu at the party? 他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？ He was ill yesterday. So he didnt come to school. 昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。(2)动词过去式的构成如下： 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如： look-looked, play-played 以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如： live-lived 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如： plan-planned, stop-stopped 末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i，再加-ed。如： study-studied 不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。三情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（can表猜测，可能cant用于否定猜测）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（表肯定推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt /dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No, wont.wouldwouldnot/wouldnt do II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 情态动词练习1. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _. A. Could .couldnt B. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.cant2. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get3. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink. A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can4. _ to have lunch with us today? A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked5. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might6. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 7. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could8. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to10. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can答案：110：DCBBD BBBDC 四 数词(1)数词有两种： 表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限定词时不加the。如： There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。 The first day of a week is Sunday星期天是每周的第一天， Mr. Wang is my first old teacher王老师是我的启蒙老师 (2)基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th（fourth）；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd( first，second，third)；八去t来九去e（eighth，ninth），f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以（twenty-first），若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth -同来(thirtieth)。(3)序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如： first-lst second-2nd fourth-4th twenty-first-21st 18.语法专项习题-数词1( ) 1 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five( ) 2 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2( ) 1 _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( ) 2 There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 3 Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people( ) 4 _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of( ) 5 Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star3( ) 1 My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one( ) 2 We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six( ) 3 Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second4( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five( ) 2 The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine5( ) 1 He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten( ) 3 He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning6( ) 1 He began to work there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fiftyC. when he fifty D. in his fifties( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980s( ) 3 We all like the boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten( ) 4 She was _ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D: in7( ) 1 There are_ months in a year. December is the_month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth( ) 2 During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty( ) 3 Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was _.A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninthB. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth 8( ) 1 -Whats the date today?-Its_.A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th( ) 2 Jenny was bornA. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday9( ) 1 About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth( ) 2 _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three( ) 3 _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth10( ) 1 Tom is_ in the row.A. a second B. the second C. two D. second( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing_ song in English.A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second( ) 3 Now let me have_.A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try 参考答案：1. 1-2 C C 2. 1-5 D A B A C 3. 1-3 B D A4. 1- 2 C B5. 1-3 B A A 6. 1-4 D C A D7. 1-5 B B B B C8. 1-3 D A B9. 1-3 B C A10. 1-3B B B五常用的表达方式1. 英语日期的表达法(1)英语日期的表达按月、日、年或日、月、年的顺序，且“日”部分要用序数词。如：2012年10月2日的英语表达是October 2nd，2012，读作：October second，two thousand and twelve。也可以用2nd October,2009表达，读作：the second of October two thousand and nine。(2)年份的读法，四个数字分两组，每组按基数词读时，读成o；后面两位为00，读成hundred；后面三位为000，读成thousand，如：1840：eighteen forty 1901：nineteen o one 1900：nineteen hundred 2000：two thousand 2009：two thousand and nine2. 表示时间的介词用法(I)in用于一段时间。如年份、季节、月份等。如： in 2012在2012 in spring在春季 in February在二月(2)on用于具体的某一天或某一个特定的上午、下午或晚上。如： on Saturday 在星期六 on October lst，2012 在2012年10月1日 on a rainy morning在一个下雨天的早晨(3)at用于具体的时刻。如：at 7:30在7:30(4)一些固定搭配。如： at night ,at noon , in the morningafternoon/evening3.介词用法小结(l)in意为“在里”。如： The boxes are in the drawer盒子在抽屉里。(2)on意为“在（表面）上”。如： The knife and fork are on the plate刀叉在盘子上。(3)behind意为“在后面”。如： What can you see behind the chair? 你看见椅子后藏有什么？(4)under意为“在下”。如： Whats under the bed? 床下面是什么？(5)near意为“在附近”。如： My home is near a bookshop我家在书店附近。(6)next to.意为“挨近，靠近”。如： Who is sitting next to you? 谁坐在你的旁边？(7)in front of意为“在前面”。如： There is a big tree in front of the garage 在车库的前面有一棵大树。(8)in the center of意为“在中心”。如： There is a park in the center of the city 在城市的中心有一个公园。(9)on the left/right of意为“在左边右边”。如： Tom sits on the left of Jack汤姆坐在杰克的左边。(10) at the back of意为“在后面”。如： Who is that boy sitting at the back of the classroom坐在教室后面的男孩是谁？4. 特殊疑问词小结(l)what意为“什么”。如：what class什么班级 what time几点 what color什么颜色 what kind of什么种类的 what day星期几(2)which+n.意为“哪一个（些）”。(3)问方式及状况：how问数量多少：how many+可数名词复数 how much+不可数名词问多少钱：how much+ -般疑问句(4)问频率：How often+ -般疑问句，意为“多久一次”。(5)问多长时间或物体有多长：how long (6)问年龄：how old(7问多远多高多宽how far/hightall/wide(8)问原因：why (9)问地点：where （10)问何时：when (11)问是谁who5. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是：(1)一般疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如： Can you dance to disco or perform ballet? 你会跳迪斯科还是芭蕾？ -I can perform ballet 我会跳芭蕾。 -Does he come from the U S A or Japan ? 他来自美国还是日本？ -He comes from the U S A 他来自美国。(2)特殊疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如： Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? 你更喜欢哪个学科，英语还是语文？ -I like English better 我更喜欢英语。 -Who is your favorite singer, Jay Chou or Andy Lau? 谁是你喜欢的歌手，周杰伦还是刘德华？ -I like Andy Lau 我喜欢刘德华。6. 问路与指路的表达方式(l)问路的表达方式： Can you tell me the way to.? Could you tell me how to get to.? Do you know the way to.? Is there a. nearby/near here? How can I get to:.？ Which is the way to.？ Where is.？ (2)指路的表达方式： go down/along the street go straight tum left/rightturn right /left at the. street= take the. turning on the right/left Its down. on the right. There is a. on the left/right You can take the No.108 bus there7. how long，how far，how soon与how often的用法(l)how long意为“多久”，常常对一段时间提问。如： You can keep the book for a week（对画线部分提问） 你能借这本书一周。 How long can I keep the book?我能借这本书多久？(2)how far意为“多远”，常常对表示距离的词提问。如： It is five kilometers away from here to my school（对画线部分提问） 从这儿到我学校有5公里远。 How far is it from here to your school? 从这儿到你学校有多远？(3)how soon意为“多久以后”，常常对，in+一段时间提问。如： My mother will come back in two weeks（对画线部分提问） 我妈妈两周后回来。 How soon will your mother come back? 你妈妈将在什么时候回来？(4)how often意为“多久一次”，常常对表示频率的词提问。表示频率的词有：always，never，seldom，often，usually，every day，once/twice a week等。如： He often goes to the park.（对画线部分提问） 他经常去公园。 How often does he go to the park ? 他多久去一次公园？ 七下演练1. 单项选择1. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears2. Uncle Wang wants _ the machine like a bike. A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to ride3. Tom usually goes to bed _ ten oclock in the evening. A. at B. in C. on D. of4. _ picture books in class, please. A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Dont read5. The box is too heavy. Let _ help you to carry it. A. we B. us C. ours D. our6. Hurry up, _ well be late for the meeting. A. and B. but C. then D. or7. People usually _ hello to each other when they make a phone call. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk8. Look! She _ a kite for her son. A. makes B. is making C. make D. Making9. These shoes are yours. Please _. A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on10. She often gets _ very late. A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home11. I think the shop is closed _ this time of day. A. in B. on C. at D. for12. I want _ of meat, please. A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half13. - Is this black ruler _? - No. Its _. A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D. you, he14. _ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one. A. A B. An C. The D. /15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the _. A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital16. Liu Mei often helps her mother _ housework. A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing17. We watch evening news on _ at 7:00 in the evening. A. CCTV B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV18. There _ a box of apples on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have19. Would you like _ with me? A. go B. to go C. going D. goes20. Sometimes his brother _ TV after supper. A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching二. 填空A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词1. Kates glass is empty. She wants a f_ one.2. I think my father can help you m_ your broken bike.3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l_.4. Please open the w_. Its getting hot here.5. Something is w_ with my bike. May I borrow yours?B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1. There are some _ there, talking loudly. (woman)2. This blouse isnt hers. Its _. (my)3. The people on the farm are very _. (friend)4. Do you know _? (he)5. Toms uncle can drive cars. He is a good _. (drive)C. 选词并用其适当形式填空work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, China, play, climb 1. This is our _ desk. Ours are over there.2. Bill has three _. One is new and the other two are old.3. His uncle _ very young but he is over forty.4. Lets _ basketball after class.5. Look! The cats are _ up the trees.6. The shop isnt open. Its _.7. My brother _ some new picture books.8. In our classroom there is a large map of _.9. Mum, please give me something to _. Im very hungry.10. Does Mr Green like _ in this Chinese school? 三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话A. Please give it back soon. B. Its over there C. Certainly. When do you want it?D. Thank you very much.E. Black and red, and its not very new.A: Excuse me, Lin Tao!B: Yes?A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours?B: _1_. A: This