高三英语复习资料语法、写作.ppt

定语从句 What are “ Attributive Clauses”? 定语可以由 形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为 “定语从句”。 定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。,定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用： a. 连接主从句 关系词： b. 替代先行词 c. 在定语从句中充当句子成分,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(which/that),when,where,why,whose,prep + whom,prep+ which,1. 指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who, that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone, he, those时，一般用who God helps those _ help themselves. Anyone _ wishes to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m. He _ never reaches the Great Wall is not a true man.,背诵句子,who,who,who,2. who 和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who. Your parents are the persons to _ you can turn for help when you meet with difficulties. the persons who/whom you can turn to for help.,whom,3. 先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中, that 和 which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。 下列场合一般只用that (略),(2) 下列场合不能使用 that: a. 在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用 who或whom, 指物时使用which)。 The boy brought in a stranger, _ was badly hurt. He failed in the English exam, _ made his father very angry.,指代主句,who,which,b. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。 This is the teacher from _ weve learned a lot. This is the reason for _ (=why) I came to help you. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.,of whom,whom,which,4. whose 引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。 他们去帮助那位老人，他的车抛锚了。 They went to help the old man whose car had broken down. 能给我那本封皮是蓝色的书看一下吗？ Would you please show me the book whose cover is blue?,Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. 2. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. 3. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.,with whom,to which,who,4. Government reports, examinations, compositions, legal documents and most letters are the main situations _ formal language is used. 5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad.,in which,/where,of which,5. 当先行词指时间、地点、原因(the reason) 时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when, where, why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用which或that. Do you know the reason _ he was late for school? Do you know the reason _ he explained to his teacher?,作从句的状语,作从句的宾语,why,that,6. 当先行词是the way,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，既可以用that也可以用 in which，它们又都可以省略。 Please tell me the way (that / in which) you solved the problem. You can see the way his mind works when you read his books.,1. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. 2. Have you asked her for the reason _ may explain her absence? 3.The hostess _ house we are living tried to make us live comfortably.,when,that,in whose,7. 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主语中的the same 或such相呼应。 We jumped for joy at the news, _ was natural. We do the same work _ they (do). I hope to get such a dictionary _ he is using.,as,as,as,/which,as 或 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which所引导的指的是前面整个句子，which本身无意义；而as则有意义，而且还可以位于句首。 The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. Nowadays houses are sold at such high prices _ people have never expected.,as,as,1. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented us from going to the park. 2. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. 3. Chongqing is not the same city _ we have seen in other countries. 4. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.,which,As,which,as,定语从句与易混句型巧区分 填上一个恰当的词，使句子完整与正确。 定语从句与并列句 1). Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer. 2). Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer. 3) .Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors.,whom,them,none/,they,2. 定语从句与地点状语从句 1）Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water. 2) I still remember the farm_ my parents worked ten years ago. 对比下面两个句子： He left the key _ it had been an hour ago. He left the place _ he lived for many years.,where,on which,where/,where,where,.定语从句与习惯句型 1).It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport. 2).It is the factory _John works. 1).It is the first time _she has been in Shanghai. 2).It was the time _Chinese people had a hard life.,that,that,when,where,4. 定语从句与结果状语从句 1). I have the same computer _ you have. 2). She is such a kind girl _all of us like to make friends with her. It is such a good place _everybody wants to visit./ _it is well-known all over the world.,as,that,as,that,5. 定语从句与名词从句 1.The news _came from the front was true. 2.The news _ he won the game was true. 3.She was not _ she used to be. 4.The city is no longer a place _ it used to be. 5._ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. 6._ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,that,that,that,what,As,It,More tips: The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system _ takes money away from your credit card. Chapin, _ money was now no problem, started a new film company with his friends.,for whom,that,/which,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. Animals ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from _ we may call “genetic learning”, _ is different from the individual learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime.,in which,what,which,语法填空： What should you do to make your dog behave as you want it to? The first basic command _ your dog should learn is the command to sit. By allowing this _ (be) the first basic word we will write on the dogs “chalkboard mind”. In other words, at this age your dogs mind is like a sheet of paper on _ there are not too much w