高中英语句子成分基本句型.pptVIP

句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence,*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种： _ _ _,主语(subject)、,谓语(predicate)、,表语(predicative)、,宾语(object)、,定语(attribute)、,状语(adverbial)、,补语(complement) 、,句子的主要成分由主语和谓语部分组成。其他为句子的次要成分。 其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。,同位语（appositive),练习 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成分 1.They are workers. 2. The singer made himself known 3. My classmates sent their best wishes to me.,指出句子中各个部分的句子成分：,1.The trees grow green in the spring. 2.Who left the guest waiting in the meeting room so long?,(主语),(系动词),(表语),(状语),(主语),(谓语),(宾语),(补语),(状语),(主语),(系动词),(表语),(主语),(谓语 ),(宾语),(补语),(定语),(主语),(谓语),(定语),(定语),(宾语),(状语),练习 一.在以下句子的主语部分加下划线 1.You, he and I are all senior school students. 2.Nothing is more important than EQ. 3.To learn a foreign language calls for patience . 4.Being honest will pay. 5.Where his mother will go is a secret.,讲解 主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的 句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、 代词、数词，如1.2.句。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。,在高中阶段较为常见充当主语的情况是：不定式、动名词等形式 充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语充当主语以 及主语从句充当主语。如3.4.5句,The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day. 2. Our old books have been sold out already. 3. Are you watching football games now? 4. You should buy a new MP4 player next month.,二.划出以下句子的谓语动词部分,谓语说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态， 谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。 谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,三.根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语 1. I like my new _(学校) and my _(同学). 2. I only told you the secret. Who made _(它) known? 3. Do you want _ _ _ _ （休息一下）？ 4. Lets stop _ (工作) and go out for a change. 5. Can you understand _ _ _(我所说的话) just now?,school,classmates,it,to have a rest / break,working,what I said,宾语表示行为的对象。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、 不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句等。,但常用的英语句子并不都只有主谓宾这样 简短, 除了主要成分不变外, 通常 是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些 修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是 单词 (adj./adv./num. 数词)短语 (主要 是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。 我们称之为: 定语、状语 The little boy needs a blue pen.,定语：,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子, 译为的。,定语通常位于被修饰的成分（前/后); 复合不定代词(something/nothing)之（前/后); I want to tell you something important 不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分(前/后) There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom. 副词用作定语时须放在名词之。 The boy there needs a pen.,前,后,His name is Tom.,后,后,状语：,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的 句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、 地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,-The boy needs a pen now. -The boy needs a pen very much.,可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。,In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里, 男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前, 汤姆总是一个男孩子。(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天, 教室里没有学生。 (时间状语),介词短语作状语：,分词(短语)作状语：,He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态) Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业, 男孩需要一支笔。 (原因状语) Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. (因为)受了惊吓, 他无声地坐在那儿。 (原因状语),The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语) To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想, 汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.,不定式作状语：,状语从句： 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、结果状语从句、 目的状语从句、比较状语从句、 让步状语从句、条件状语从句,-We chatted as we walked along. -Even if she laughs at him, he adores her.,同位语：,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释 另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的 同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”),独立成分：,与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的 独立成分。 感叹词: oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词: yes 否定词: no 称呼语: 称呼人的用语。 插入语: 一些句中插入的 I think, I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信, 这个故事还远没结束.,(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.You will tell (your) friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be Upstairs at dusk (when the window was open). 4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering Clouds held me entirely in their power.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型, 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一: (主谓) 二: (主谓宾) 三: (主系表) 四: (主谓间宾直宾) 五: (主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一:(主谓),主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词, 动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语: 谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态 变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词 (vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。,如: We come.,(不及物动词),The sunrose. 太阳升起来了。 2. Who cares? 谁在乎呢？ 3. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时,此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二: (主谓宾),此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都 具有实义, 都是主语产生的动作, 但不能 表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做及物动词。,(及物动词)(宾语),Whoknowsthe answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. Heenjoysreading. 他喜欢看书。 3. Hesaid“Good morning.” 他说：“早上好。” 4. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 他承认他错了。,基本句型三:(主系表),此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上 一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合 谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。,系动词分两类: be, look等感官动词, keep, seem等, 表情况; go, get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的 作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,感官动词多可用作连系动词: /面色好, /听起来不错, /感觉好, /难闻 ， /吃起来好吃,look well,sound nice,feel good,smell bad,taste delicious,(是系动词) (表语),1. Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinnersmellsgood. 3. Everythinglooksdifferent. 4. Heis growingtall and strong. 他正在长高长壮。 5. Our wellhas gonedry. 我们的井已经干了。 6. His faceturnedred. 他脸变红了,*复习There be 结构: There be 表示无生命物体的存在有。 人有什么要用-.这里的there没有实际意义, 不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词, 表示“(存在)有某事物”。 There be 结构的谓语动词要用 原则。 如：街上有一个男人和100只狗。 There is a man and 100 dogs on the street.,试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩) 前一个there无实意, 后一个there为副词那里。,have,就近,基本句型 四: (主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g. give/pass/bring/show/buy/order。这两个宾语通常 一个指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,请给我一杯茶,give/pass/bring/show/buy/order Sb. Sth.=,give/pass/bring/show /buy/order Sth. to sb.,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),Sheorderedherselfa ne