observium手册zh.docx

安装说明SVN我们使用SVN的自动更新机制，以快速改进和修正，没有传统的包装更新的问题。我们不会提供tar.gz的压缩包，因此你必须使用SVN。请查看我们的如何使用SVN的页面和哪里能使用。需求受支持的软件请注意：我们仅支持下面列表中软件。哪怕是其它支持PHP的web服务器 Apache fping MySQL Net-SNMP 5.4+ RRDtool 1.3+ Graphviz PHP 5.3+可选项 Ipmitool 进到你想监控服务器上的IPMI基板控制器 Libvirt-bin 仅监控vm虚拟机时使用安装安装建议警告请注意，安装请使用Ubuntu/Debian系统,运行其它平台可能能运行，不使用Ubuntu/Debian平台将不会受到技术支持。Observium不再提供tar.gz安装包, 仅能使用SVN。在RHEL/CentOS安装说明本向导想你介绍如何在CentOS/RHEL/Scientific Linux (EL) 上部署Observium 我们使用全新安装的企业版（EL）举例注意：在 RHEL/CentOS 安装observium 是不受开发团队技术支持的，因此你必须自己调试，我们仅提供在Debian/Ubuntu的技术支持。准备为安装扩展预安装包，我们需要先安装rpm Forge 和 EPEL repositories的预安装包第6版企业版x86_64rpm -import http:/apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txtrpm -Uvh http:/packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpmrpm -Uvh /pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpmi386rpm -import http:/apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txtrpm -Uvh http:/packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i386.rpmrpm -Uvh /pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm第5版企业版x86_64rpm -import http:/apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txtrpm -Uvh http:/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpmrpm -Uvh /pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpmi386rpm -import http:/apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txtrpm -Uvh http:/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpmrpm -Uvh /pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm第4版企业版第4版企业版已经结束寿命，不支持它。请不要使用。预安装包现在我们安装Observium所需的预安装包 yum install httpd php php-mysql php-gd php-snmp vixie-cron php-pear net-snmp net-snmp-utils graphviz subversion mysql-server mysql rrdtool fping ImageMagick jwhois nmap OpenIPMI-tools php-pear.noarch如果你希望监控虚拟机，请安装libvirt:yum install libvirtObservium下载为Observium创建一个目录 mkdir -p /opt/observium & cd /opt从SVN检查，下载最新的Observium svn co /svn/observer/trunk observium进入新安装的目录 cd observium数据库现在开始配置mysql数据库。因为是全新安装，我们需要给mysql的用户root配置密码 。 service mysqld start /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password yournrewrootpassword进入mysql创建为Observium创建一个新的数据库 mysql -u root -p mysql CREATE DATABASE observium; mysql GRANT ALL ON observium.* TO observiumlocalhost - IDENTIFIED BY ;配置注意：请在安装前读完本文档，如果你不满意或发现一些问题，请勿继续安装。 复制默认配置文件并为你的系统编辑它 cp config.php.default config.phpAdd an entry for fping to config.php as the location is different on RHEL:$configfping = /usr/sbin/fping;编辑 config.php. 修改选项来适应你的安装环境安装MySQL数据库并插入默认的数据表 php includes/sql-schema/update.php出现一些006错误是正常的。创建一对目录来存储数据文件,修改它的权限使apache能写入数据 mkdir graphs rrd chown apache.apache graphs rrd如果服务器仅运行Observium, 修改默认的/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf为: DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html/ ServerName CustomLog /opt/observium/logs/access_log combined ErrorLog /opt/observium/logs/error_log AllowOverride All Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews 创建apache的日志目录 mkdir /opt/observium/logs chown apache.apache /opt/observium/logs添加第一个用户，管理员用户等级为10 cd /opt/observium ./adduser.php 添加第一个设备监控 ./addhost.php v2c为新设备初始化发现和轮询 ./discovery.php -h all ./poller.php -h all添加计划任务，运行crontab： 33 */6 * * * /opt/observium/discovery.php -h all /dev/null 2&1 */5 * * * * /opt/observium/discovery.php -h new /dev/null 2&1 */5 * * * * /opt/observium/poller.php -h all /dev/null 2&1请注意，初步测试仅需运行一个轮询实例, 请查看性能页来为以后修改提供参考。最后一点你可以访问http:/如果全部正常，设置httpd和mysald为开机自启动运行 chkconfig mysqld on chkconfig httpd on升级使用SVN升级问题当运行时，poller.php和discovery.php会产生一些未定义的索引，变量的警告，你可以按如下修改去隐藏它。nano /etc/php.ini找到这行error_reporting = E_ALL & E_DEPRECATED修改为error_reporting = E_ALL & E_NOTICE在ubuntu和debian上安装说明本向导针对 Ubuntu 12.04 和 Debian 5.安装运行Observium基础包aptitude install libapache2-mod-php5 php5-cli php5-mysql php5-gd php5-snmp php-pear snmp graphviz subversion mysql-server mysql-client rrdtool fping imagemagick whois mtr-tiny nmap ipmitool如果你希望监控虚拟机，安装libvirt-bin (注意: 这需要一些依赖包):apt-get install libvirt-binCreate a directory for Observium to live in:mkdir -p /opt/observium & cd /optCheck out the latest version of Observium from the Subversion repository:svn co /svn/observer/trunk observium进入安装目录cd observium注意：请在安装前读完本文档，如果你不满意或发现一些问题，请勿继续安装。 Copy the default configuration file and edit it for your system:cp config.php.default config.phpConfigurationYou specifically need to change the MySQL username and password. Most other settings can be left as default.Create the MySQL database:mysql -u root -pmysql CREATE DATABASE observium;mysql GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON observium.* TO observiumlocalhost - IDENTIFIED BY ;Edit config.php. Change the options to reflect your installation.Setup the MySQL database and insert the default schema:php includes/sql-schema/update.phpIt is OK to have some errors in the SQL revisions up to 006.创建一对目录来存储数据文件,修改它的权限使apache能写入数据mkdir graphs rrdchown www-data.www-data graphs rrdIf the server will be running *only* Observium, change /etc/apache2/sites-available/default to: ServerAdmin webmasterlocalhost DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all ErrorLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/access.log combined ServerSignature OnAlternatively you can create a vhost just for Observium (see the bottom of the page)Enable mod_rewrite for Observiums cleaner URLs:a2enmod rewriteapache2ctl restartAdd a first user, use level of 10 for admin:cd /opt/observium./adduser.php Add a first device to monitor:./addhost.php v2cDo an initial discovery and polling run to populate the data for the new device:./discovery.php -h all./poller.php -h allAdd cron jobs, create a new file /etc/cron.d/observium with the following contents:33 */6 * * * root /opt/observium/discovery.php -h all /dev/null 2&1*/5 * * * * root /opt/observium/discovery.php -h new /dev/null 2&1*/5 * * * * root /opt/observium/poller.php -h all /dev/null 2&1Please note running only a single poller instance is good for initial testing, but do check thePerformance tuningpage for further performance enhancing options once you get going.You should now be able to seehttp:/升级使用SVN升级.可选If you want to create a proper virtual host, something like this: DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html/ ServerName CustomLog /opt/observium/logs/access_log combined ErrorLog /opt/observium/logs/error_log AllowOverride All Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews Youll need to create an /opt/observium/logs directory with permissions so that Apache can write to it.Debian 6.0 And Ubuntu 11.04If youre using Debian Squeeze (6.0), due to the decision of Debian not to ship SNMP MIBs with the distribution anymore (in keeping with the free licensing idea), you either have to enable the non-free repository and install thesnmp-mibs-downloaderpackage and having it download the MIBs from the internet, or, you can make the snmp utilities use the MIBs delivered with Observium:Remove this line in /etc/snmp/snmp.conf:mibs:and add the following line:mibdirs /opt/observium/mibs问题When running eg. poller.php or discovery.php a lot of notices regarding undefined indexes, variables and offsets. To hide these notices you can do the following:nano /etc/php5/cli/php.iniFind the line containing:error_reporting = E_ALL & E_DEPRECATEDChange this to:error_reporting = E_ALL & E_NOTICE支持的设备ApplicationsSNMP application support has been replaced by the use of theUnix Agentscripts, more information about the application scripts can be found on theApplicationssection.通用 MIB库Discovery and polling of standardised generic MIBs is supported on all hardware that implements them regardless of status of support for that hardware or operating system. HOST-RESOURCES-MIBfor CPU, Memory and Storage statistics. ENTITY-MIBfor Inventory. ENTITY-SENSOR-MIBfor Sensors. TCP-MIB,UDP-MIB,ICMP-MIB,SNMP-MIB,IP-MIBfor network stack statistics. IF-MIB(both ifEntry and ifXEntry) for per-port statistics. EtherLike-MIBfor detailed per-port error statistics and duplex. ADSL-LINE-MIBfor ADSL line statistics.路由，交换，防火墙Arista EOSArista implement standard MIBs for most things and support is therefore very good.HOST-RESOURCES-MIB,ENTITY-MIB,ENTITY-SENSOR-MIBandEtherLike-MIBare fully supported as of 4.5.0.Software Version 4.4.0 or above is required for CPU and Memory graphs viaHOST-RESOURCES-MIBArista support is tested internally by Arista themselves.CiscoCisco IOS大部分设备测试通过Sensors viaCISCO-ENTITY-SENSOR-MIBandCISCO-ENVMON-MIBo Implementation ofCISCO-ENTITY-SENSOR-MIBcan often be spotty, with incorrect scales. Chosing correct sensor name can be difficult. Memory statistics viaCISCO-ENHANCED-MEMPOOL-MIBandCISCO-MEMORY-POOL-MIB Per address-family BGP statistics viaCISCO-BGP4-MIB VLAN tracking viaCISCO-VTP-MIB Processor usage viaCISCO-PROCESS-MIB Neighbour tracking viaCISCO-CDP-MIBCisco IOS-XE Tested on ASR1K Same MIBs as Cisco IOSCisco IOS-XR Tested on GSR Same MIBs as Cisco IOSCisco ASA Tested on 5505 Same MIBs as Cisco IOSCisco NX-OS Same MIBs as Cisco IOS Missing correct hardware and CPU/Memory. Implementation ofCISCO-ENTITY-SENSOR-MIBseems to be spotty, with incorrect scales, precisions or values for some sensors.Cisco PIXOS Same MIBs as Cisco IOSCisco CatOSTested on 6500 4500 Same MIBs as Cisco IOSJuniper JunOSJuniper have a quite badly designed MIB for CPU/Memory inJUNIPER-OPERATING-MIB. Its often hard to tell what is really a CPU and what is in actual fact a blanking plate. (No, really.)Tested on Juniper J2320 Juniper J2350 Juniper J4350 Juniper MX960 Juniper SRX210 Juniper SRX240 Juniper M7i Olive - Missing CPU & Memory Graphs:)Juniper JunOSeTested on Juniper ERX-310Juniper ScreenOSTested on Junper SSG20Alcatel OmniSwitchCPU and Memory pools are detected. OS version and hardware are detected. OmniSwitch 6580Brocade IronwareCPU and Memory pools fromFOUNDRY-SN-AGENT-MIBare used. BigIron 8000 FastIron II Plus FES2402 - Missing processor graphs () FES4802 - Missing processor graphs () NetIron MLX-4 NetIron MLX-8 Netiron 400 BigIron RX16Extreme ExtremewareCurrently no CPU or Memory graphsTested on Alpine 3804 Black Diamond 6808 Summit 48 Summit 5iTX Summit 48i Extremeware 7.5.2, 7.8.3, 4.1.19, 7.8.1, 6.2.2Extreme XOSCurrently no CPU or Memory graphsTested on Summit x450e-24p Summit x450a-24t XOS 6, 0Force10 FTOSCurrently no CPU or Memory graphsEach series has its own MIB for sensors and statistics.F10-CHASSIS-MIB(for E-series),F10-C-SERIES-CHASSIS-MIBandF10-S-SERIES-CHASSIS-MIB.Tested on S-Series - S25V, S50N E-Series - E300, E610 C-series - C300 FTOS , , d, , Allied Telesis Allied Telesis switches are very variable in SNMP implementations. AT-8000S is actually RADLAN.Mikrotik RouterOSCPU and Memory statistics are available viaHOST-RESOURCES-MIB.MIKROTIK-MIBis not yet supported. SadlyBGP4-MIBis not currently supported by RouterOS. Note: RouterOS versions 5 do not fully support SNMP v2c such as snmpbulkget.Tested on Routerboard - 433, 493, 1100 RouterOS - 3.20, 3.30, 4.17, 5.0HP/ProcurveCPU and Memory graphing via HPsNETSWITCH-MIBTested on Procurve 1810G-8 Procurve 2524 Procurve 2626 Procurve 2824 Procurve 2910al-24G Procurve 3800-24G-PoE+-2SFP+ Procurve 4000M Procurve 5304xl/5308xl Procurve 5406zl Procurve 8206zlWatchguard Firebox X Core 550e Firebox X Core 750e工作站和服务器UNIX-likeUCD-MIBprovides detailed system statistics,HOST-RESOURCES-MIBprovides inventory, CPU, Memory and Storage statistics.LinuxLinux is fully supported viaHOST-RESOURCES-MIBandUCD-MIB. Recent versions support separated IPv4/IPv6 IP statistics viaIP-MIB.Linux distribution detection can be done via an external script included in the Observium installation.Machine type can be detected on Dell servers via Dells OMSA applications SNMP integration.SolarisFreeBSDMemory and CPU statistics are supported viaHOST-RESOURCES-MIBandUCD-MIBon NetSNMPd.Currently no special features of bSNMP are supported, so its use is discouraged.NetBSDOpenBSDDragonFly BSDm0n0wallAutomatic identification via special m0n0wall sysDescr.Tested on 1.2 and 1.3.Missing some statistics MIBs. CPU and Memory statistics work viaHOST-RESOURCES-MIB. Uses bSNMPd.pfSenseUses bSNMPd, so relatively poor support compared with Net-SNMPdMicrosoft WindowsWindows NT 家族已测试的 Windows NT 3.51 (no processor/memory graphs) Windows NT 4.0 (no processor/memory graphs) Windows NT 5.0 / Windows 2000 Windows NT 5.1 / Windows XP Windows NT 5.2 / Windows XP/2003 Windows NT 6.0 / Windows Vista / 2008 Windows NT 6.1 / Windows 7 / 2008 R2Consumer CPEZyxel ZyWALLThomson Speedtouch打印/复印机HPToner supported viaPrinter-MIB.Tested On LaserJet P2015 Color LaserJet CP2025dn Color LaserJet CP4520DellTested On 1720dn 5100cn 5110cn 5130cnKonica MinoltaTested On Bizhub C220Power DevicesAPC DevicesPowerNet-MIB