高考英语总复习.ppt

1._vihIkl n交通工具；车辆 2._krId n四轮马车；客车 3_md n泥；泥浆 4._brm n浴室；盥洗室 5_templ n庙宇；寺院 6._Impren n印象；感想；印记,7_knstnt adj.时常发生的；连续不断的 8._tblIt n药片 9_kpsjul n. 太空舱；胶囊 10_pnI n(出入的)通路；开口；开端 11_srandI n周围的事物；环境 adj.周围的 12_lk vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n缺乏；短缺的东西,13_msk n面具；面罩；伪装 14._fl vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 15_swIt n开关；转换 vt. 转换 16._spekt n方面；层面 17_nstn adj.不确切的；无把握的 18_aId n指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导 19_stjud n乘务员；服务员,20_saIdweIz adv.往(向、从)一侧；侧着；侧面朝前 21_tlreIt vt.容忍；忍受 22._fsn vt.系牢；扎牢 23_taImteIbl n时间表；时刻表 24._md n泥(浆) 25_sItIzn n公民；居民；市民 26._btn n钮扣；按钮 27_dstbIn n垃圾箱 28._IkldI n生态；生态学,29_ridI adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的 30._swl vt.吞下；咽下 31_mtIrIl n原料；材料 32._risaIkl vt.回收利用；再利用 33_ mtIveIn n动机,答案：1.vehicle 2.carriage 3.mud 4.bathroom 5.temple 6.impression 7.constant 8.tablet 9.capsule 10opening 11.surrounding 12.lack 13.mask 14.flash 15.switch 16.aspect 17.uncertain 18.guide 19steward 20.sideways 21.tolerate 22.fasten 23.timetable 24.mud 25.citizen 26.button 27dustbin 28.ecology 29.greedy 30.swallow 31.material 32.recycle 33.motivation,1._ adj.在前的；早先的_ adv. 2_ vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n按；压；印刷；新闻_ adj.被压的_ adj.紧急的；急迫的_ n压力；压，挤 3_ adj.乐观的；乐观主义的_ n乐观(主义)_ n乐观(主义)者,4_ n沙漠_ adj.荒凉的 5_ vt.打字_ n打字员_ n打字机 6_ vt.邮寄_ n邮资_ n邮政编码 7_ vt.代表_ n代表_ n代表人 8_ v定居；解决_ n解决；处理,答案：1.previous，previously 2.press，pressed，pressing，pressure 3.optimistic，optimism，optimist 4.desert，deserted 5.type，typist，typewriter 6.post postage postcode 7.represent representation representative 8.settle settlement,1.拿起；接受；开始；继续_ 2.使回想起或意识到_ 3不再看见_ 4.看见_ 5打扫；横扫_ 6.加速_ 7帮助；援助；协助_ 8.完全复原_ 9溜进_,答案：1.take up 2.remind.of. 3.lose sight of. 4.catch sight of. 5.sweep up 6.speed up 7assist in 8.be back on ones feet 9.slide into,1.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(用现在分词作状语) _ 答案：They stood by the roadside，talking about the plan.,2这个小女孩被外面的声音吓得不敢在卧室里睡觉。(用过去分词作状语) _ 答案：Frightened by the noise outside，the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.,3看来好像他们的实验成功了。(用as though) _ 答案：It looks as though they have succeeded in the experiment. 4我需要两个孩子来帮我的忙。(用require) _ 答案：I require two children to help me.,5这些箱子占据了太多的空间。(用take up) _ 答案：These boxes are taking up too much space.,一、帮你归纳 1take up 拿起；开始；从事；占(时间、空间等) take off 脱下；起飞；(事业)腾飞 take on 呈现；雇用；接受 take over 接管；接手；接任 take away 拿走，带走；夺去,take back 拿回，收回(所说的话) take in 接受，接纳；收容；理解，明白 take ones time 不要急，慢慢干 take it easy 别担心；放心好了,这样考过 (2009景德镇模拟)Our son doesnt know what to_at the university; he cant make up his mind about his future. Atake over Btake in Ctake after Dtake up,解析：考查动词短语辨析。take up“从事，占据”；take over“接管，继任”；take in“吸收；欺骗”；take after“面貌、言行像父母等长辈”。由句意：我儿子不知在大学学习什么专业；他对自己的未来下不了决心。综上选D。 答案：D,(2009台州调考)Parents are advised to take pressure _ a child and give him some encouragement before an exam. Aoff Bout Cfrom Daway 解析：句意为：建议父母在考试前消除孩子的压力，给予他们一些鼓励，take sth.off去掉、消除，为固定短语。 答案：A,(2009启东中学)Frequently singleparent children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. Atake on Btake up Ctake in Dtake after 答案：A,(2009宜昌调研)Everybody should have the awareness that even the most sharp eye may be _ on certain occasions. Abrought in Btaken in Ccalled in Dset in 解析：句意为“每个人都应该有这种意识：智者千虑，必有一失。”take in有“吸收，接受，欺骗，蒙骗”的意思。set in “装入地，嵌在里面的”。 答案：B,2tolerate vt.忍受；容忍 toleration n忍受 tolerable adj.可容忍的，可以的，尚好的，尚可的 tolerant adj. 容忍的，宽大的，宽容的 be tolerant of.宽容 辨析：bear，stand，tolerate与put up with 都含有一定的“忍耐、忍受”之意，在表示忍受pain，suffering，hardship 等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用，通常与can或cannot连用。,(1)bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力。(常用于否定句中) (2)stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起。(常用于否定句中) (3)tolerate 指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱。(即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句) (4)put up with与tolerate意义相近，有“不计较，将就”之意，多用于口语。如： The sorrow was almost more than she could bear. 她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。,He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage. 他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。 I cant stand hot weather.我受不了热天。 A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一个不能容忍反对意见的政府是不会长久的。 Its hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment. 人们很难忍受那种待遇。,这样考过 (2009福州模拟)Why do we have to _ Bobs self behavior？We should teach him to care for others. Amake up for Bcome up with Cput up with Dget rid of 解析：句意为“我们为什么要忍受鲍勃的自私行为呢？我们应该教他学会照顾别人。”put up with“忍受”；make up for“补偿，弥补”；come up with“赶上”；get rid of“免除，除去”。 答案：C,还可能这样考 Smoking has been _ in more and more public places，which was once just in places like gas stations. Apreserved Bprohibited Cignored Dtolerated 解析：由语境可知，就像以前在加油站一样，吸烟在越来越多的公共场所遭到了禁止。prohibit意思是“(以法令，规定等)禁止”。preserve“保存”；ignore“忽略”；tolerate“容忍”。,答案：B,3lack v& n缺乏，短缺 for lack of 因缺乏 have no lack of不缺乏 lack for nothing一无所缺 be lacking in 在缺乏 lack money/courage 缺钱/缺乏勇气 be short of 缺乏，缺少 run short of sth.把用尽 sth.run short不足，短缺,这样考过 (上海高考)Though_money，his parents managed to send him to university. Alacked Blacking of Clacking Dlacked in,解析：此题考查lack的动词短语意义和用法。lack of短语中的lack为名词，所以排除B项；主句和从句中主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，让步状语从句才能采用这样的省略句，若将从句补充完整，其结构为though they were lacking money，lack没有被动语态，故A与D两项结构错误。 答案：C,(2007辽宁)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise. Alimit Black Cneed Ddemand 解析：limit限制，限定；lack缺乏；need需要；demand需求，需要。句意为：健康问题和不健康的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼联系密切。lack用作名词，意思是“欠缺，不足，没有”。 答案：B,4catch sight of 看见；lose sight of 看不见 at first sight 乍一看，第一眼看见 at the sight of.看见时 in/within sight 在看得见的范围内 out of sight 看不见,这样考过 (2009湖北百所重点联考)At first _ it looked like a simple accident，but later the police became doubtful. Asight Bview Clook Dglimpse 解析：at first sight “乍一看，第一眼看见”。句意：乍一看，这是一个简单的事故，但是后来警察开始怀疑了。 答案：A,5sweep up 打扫；横扫 sweep sb. up 一下抱起某人 sweep across/through.(迅猛地)扫过，掠过(某地) sweep away 消灭；彻底消除；完全打消 sweep off 拂去，扫去 sweep out 打扫干净；清扫干净 sweep aside 拒不理会；无视,可能这样考 To accomplish the task，youd better _ the ideas not related to it and pay more attention to the point. Asweep away Bsweep aside Cbreak off Dsweep up 解析：sweep aside 意思是“不予理会”；sweep away 意思是“扫除；消灭”；sweep up 意思是“打扫”；break off 意思是“中断”，根据题意，应选sweep aside。句意为：为了完成任务，你最好抛弃那些无关的想法，更好地注意要点。 答案：B,6switch n开关，电闸，转换 vt.转换，转变 switch off/on (用开关)关掉/开启 switch to 转(换)到 switch through (把电话)接到(某分机)，接过来 switch over (from one to another)(从某方面)转变(到另一方面),这样考过 (2009黄冈市质检)She started studying medicine at college，but _ to Business Studies in her second year. Atransformed Bskipped Cadjusted Dswitched 解析：语境：她从医学专业转到商务研究系，用switch 表示“转换，改变(思路、话题等)”。B项可表示“急速改变”，不符合语境。其他选项的含义：A“改变，转变，改造”，C“调整”。 答案：D,7speed up(使)加快速度；(使)增加速度 at a/the speed of 以的速度 run at full speed 以全速跑 pick up speed 加快速度 with all great speed 以全速，开足马力 at a high/low speed 以高速/低速 at(the)top speed 以最高速度 speed limit 速度限制,这样考过 (2007海南模拟)The Internet is widely used，which _ the development of English. Aspeeds up Btakes over Cgets across Dturns to 解析：A项意为“加速”；B项意为“接管”；C项意为“理解”；D项意为“转向；求助于”。根据语境可知应该是A项符合题意。 答案：A,二、帮你解疑 1形容词(短语)作状语 形容词(短语)作状语的语法功能： (1)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Cold and hungry，he stopped working and went home. 他又冷又饿，放下工作就回家了。 (2)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如： Ripe，these grapes are sweet.(When these grapes are ripe，they are sweet.)这些葡萄熟了的时候是很甜的。,(3)表示方式，相当于一个副词。如： He went home，happy.(He happily went home.) 他高高兴兴地回家了。 (4)表示伴随，相当于一个并列句。如： Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear.(Crusoe stared at the footprint and was full of fear.) 克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。,(5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。如： Though not necessary，he came here last night.(Though it was not necessary，he came here last night.) 尽管没有必要，昨晚他还是来了。,这样考过 (2010浙江三校联考)After the long journey, the three of them went back home，_. Ahungry and tiredly Bhungry and tired Chunger and tired Dhungrily and tired 答案：B,2It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事。 It took me four hours to write this essay. 我写那篇文章用了四个小时。 提示：take和last二者都涉及时间的延续，但是take指做一件事、走一段路等所需要的时间，必须与表示时间的状语连用。last 指一件事所持续的时间或为达到某目的充足的条件。,It takes me ten minutes to smoke a cigarette./A cigarette lasts me ten minutes. 我吸一支烟用十分钟。 The journey takes/lasts two hours. 走这段路用两小时。 It takes a long time to go there. 去那儿需要很长一段时间。,3现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别： 现在分词doing作状语与过去分词done 作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 (1)现在分词作状语时与句子主语是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手带上。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help. 由于不知道如何办才好，他去找父母帮忙。,(2)过去分词作状语时与句子主语是被动关系。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,4动词不定式和分词作状语的区别： (1)分词作状语多表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随状况，而不定式一般表示目的，在特定结构中还可表示结果。 He sat in the armchair，reading the newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to wait for the bus. 他们站在路边等车。(目的) His family was too poor to support him. 他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果),(2)分词表示条件、原因时放在句首，表示伴随状况时一般放在句末；动词不定式表示目的可放在句首或句末。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch. 由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。 Reading carefully，youll learn something new. 只要你仔细阅读，你就会学到一些新的东西。 In order to learn English well，he gets up early to read English every morning./He gets up early to read English every morning in order to learn English well. 为了学好英语，他每天早起朗读英语。,(3)不定式可以与某些形容词搭配使用，表示原因。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 给你添这么多麻烦真是抱歉。 提示：1.过去分词表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，或者与谓语表示的动作或者状态同时或几乎同时发生。 2过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。 3判断如何选择过去分词还是现在分词，应该考虑动词的词性，而不是从汉语角度去考虑。,三、语法重点 本单元主要学习过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语时与句子的主语成逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词在句中作状语常表示时间、原因、条件等。,这样考过 (2009重庆)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_ with his old one. Acomparing Bcompares Cto compare Dcompared 解析：句意：和旧房子相比，Michael 的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michaels new house 之间构成被动关系。 答案：D,(2009浙江)_ and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. ATo be tired BTired CTiring DBeing tired 解析：句意：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，Andy和Ruby还是第一批登上泰山山顶。分词和形容词短语作状语，说明他们俩到达泰山山顶时的状况：又累又喘不过气来。A项表目的；B项表伴随或结果。D项表原因。 答案：B,(2009江西)_ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. AGiving BHaving given CTo give DGiven 解析：句意：如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手们有朝一日可能成为国际明星。句子主语these teenage soccer players和动词give之间为被动关系，故排除表示主动意义的A、B、C三项。 答案：D,(2009浙江五校联考)_to her own work，she spent little time with her children. ADevoting BTo be devoted CDevoted DHaving devoted 解析：be devoted to something/devote oneself to doing 意为：奉献于，献身于某事业，所以本句用devoted to作状语，表示原因。 答案：C,1(2009青岛质检) When will you be through with your work，Jones? _？My boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute. AWho knows BWould you help me CI beg your pardon DAnything the matter,答案与解析：A 考查口语。A“谁知道呢”；B“你帮我好吗”；C“请再说一遍”；D“怎么了”。据句意？我的老板总是在最后一刻给我找事干。故选A。,2(2009豫南八校模拟)Will you attend the Summer Course again in America this year? _.You know，I dont want to put more financial pressure on my parents. ANot really BNo problem CDont mention it DI hope so 答案与解析：A 考查口语。not reallynot very much“不是很”；no problem“没问题”；Dont mention it.“不用客气”；I hope so.“我希望如此”。据句后，我不想给父母再增加经济负担。综上分析，选A。,3(2009山西三校联考) Mr.Black，this is our language lab.Would you like to go in and have a look? OK._. AHelp yourself BThis way，please CFollow me DAfter you 答案与解析：D 考查情景交际用语。After you“你先走，我随后”。Help yourself“请便”；This way，please“请这边走”；Follow me“跟我走”。由句意知D符合语境。,(2008江西) Most people，when they travel to space，would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more.And this stands to reason，if youre paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit！So in order for tourism to reach its full potential theres going to be a need for orbital accommodationor space hotels.What would a space hotel actually be like to visit？,Hotels in orbit Will offer the services you expect from a hotelprivate rooms，meals，bars.But theyll also offer two unique experiences：impressive viewsof Earth and spaceand the endless entertainment of living in zero gravityincluding sports and other activities that make use of this.,The hotels themselves will vary greatlyfrom being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date.Its actually surprising that as late as 1997，very few designs for space hotels were published.This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them havent expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible.,Lots of people whove been to space have described vividly what its like to live in zero gravity.There are obviously all sorts of possibilities for dancing，gymnastics，and zeroG sports.Luckily，you dont need to sleep much living in zero gravity，so youll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below.,Of course all good things have come to an end unfortunately.And so after a few days youll find yourself heading back though youll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived.Youll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up againor maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel!,1When travelin