2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（3）（含解析）.docx

2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（3）李仕才AHe was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didnt know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the outgoing child, I wasnt surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.A few days later, as we approached Bobs house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didnt respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughters high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift-a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.1.What puzzled the girl?A. The cause of the mans sadnessB. The shadows in the mans eyesC. The mans sitting still on the stepsD. The mans not answering her greeting2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?A. ProudB. NervousC. EmbarrassedD. Comfortable3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?A. It was a care from a girlB. It was a symbol of enthusiasmC. It was a reminder of his painful daysD. It represented the knowledge of trees4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Simple Red LeafB.A Strange NeighborC. An Unusual FriendD.A Greeting From A girl【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总会给他打招呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的时候，这次得到了答复。多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.及As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故选D。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知当时Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选A。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使故事得以发展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选A。B(2015江西九校联考)Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds, a study shows. A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was “light enough to see across” at night. However, they caution there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read. Light enough to see across the room, but not read. Light enough to see your hand in front of you, but not across the room. Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.Prof.Anthony Swerdlow told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity. But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight. There might be other explanations for the association, but the findings are intriguing enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”The light is disrupting the body clock, which stems from our evolutionary past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night. Light alters mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle. Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin.Prof.DerkJan Dijk said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker. He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom. I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker.” Street lights, some alarm clocks and standby lights on electrical equipment such as televisions could light a room, he said.“Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.1The passage mainly tells us _Abright bedrooms link to obesityBdark bedrooms link to obesityCpeople should turn off lightsDpeople should buy thicker curtains2What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 mean?AStopping. BDisturbing. CImproving. DRecovering.3What might Paragraph 4 be used for?AOne possible explanation on disrupting body clock.BOne possible explanation on disrupting mood.COne possible explanation on disrupting physical strength.DOne possible explanation on artificial light.4Whats Prof.DerkJan Dijks attitude towards the dark room?AUnclear. BDoubtful. CNegative. DFavorable.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响：过于强烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟，影响人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。1解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究表明，在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。故选A项。2解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中“The light is disrupting the body clock”和第二句可知，本段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式，由此可推知，画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturbing意义接近。故选B项。3解析：选A。篇章结构题。根据第四段第一句“The light is disrupting the body clock.”及最后一句中的“Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock”可知，本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因。故选A项。4解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句中“there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker”及最后一句可以看出，DerkJan Dijk教授赞成将卧室的亮度调暗。故选D项。CAbout 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers. The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyber schools.” and that is about twice as many as two years ago. The money for students to attend a cyber school comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyber schools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyber schools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.Whatever the judgment of cyber schools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyber school called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.Students at cyber schools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.( ) 1. What do we know from the text about students of a cyber school?A. They have to take long bus rides to school.B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.C. They receive money from traditional public schools.D. They do well in traditional school programs.【答案】：B【解析】：由文章About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers.可知B。( ) 2. What is a problem with cyber schools?A. Their equipment costs a lot of money.B. They get little support from the state government.C. It is hard to know students progress in learning.D. The students find it hard to make friends.C 由They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well 和Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed.可知C( ) 3. cyber schools are getting popular because _A. they are less expensive for studentsB. their students can work at their own speedC. their graduates are more successful in societyD. they serve students in a wider age rangeB 细节题。Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed.可知选B( ) 4. We can infer that the author of the text is _.A. unprejudiced in his description of cyber schoolsB. excited about the future of cyber schoolsC. doubtful about the quality of cyber schoolsD. disappeared at the development of cyber schoolsA 推断题，作者分析，及分析了好处也分析了不好的，所以应该是不带偏见的D(2015陕西省质量检测二)Whether it is elementary school, middle school, or high school in the United States, there will always be an awards ceremony at the end of the year. Though it varies from school to school, there are a few that are given by most schools across the nation.The first one is given from grades 3 to 8 and it is the Honor Roll Award. In elementary and middle school, this award is used to recognize academic excellence. This award is also separated into two groups: A Honor Roll and A/B Honor Roll. It is given out at the end of a school year and students who receive all averages of a 93 or above (90 in some states) on a final report card receive an A Honor Roll, and students with grades above 85 (80 in some states) would receive an A/B Honor Roll. It is to reward students who have worked hard and received all As or As and Bs.In high school, this is changed a bit, but still can be classified as the same type of award.The difference is that instead of using the scale(等级) of 100, they use a grade point average(GPA) based on a 4 point scale. They recognize students with a high GPA as “Honor Students”If the students keep it up for all four years of high school, then they graduate with honors.Another notable award is the Presidents Award for Educational Excellence. This is given by the Presidents Education Awards Program each year to students all over the United States. This award is offered to elementary school，middle school and high school students. To be eligible(有资格的) for this award, middle school and elementary school students must earn an average grade of 90 or above on a 109 point scale. High school students must have a GPA of at least 3.5.Students must also have a high score on a statewide or national standardized test or have a recommendation from a teacher. Usually this award is given at the end of the year. It is a certificate with a signature from the president along with a letter of recognition.However, many people confuse the Presidents Award for Educational Excellence with another award, the US Presidential Scholars Program. Even though both have the word“President” in the title, they are completely different awards. Where the Presidents Award for Educational Excellence is relatively easy to achieve, the award from the Presidential Scholars Program is not. To earn the honor of being a Presidential Scholar, a student must be a high school senior last year of high school with outstanding standardized test scores.1If, in most of the schools in the US, a student in Grade 5 wants to get an A Honor Roll, he/she must get all averages of a(n) _A93B85 C90 D802From the passage we know that the students who _ can graduate with honors.Akeep up the grades of 100 in high school for more than one yearBget averages of 100 in high school for all four years of high schoolCget a high GPA in high school for more than one yearDare recognized as “Honor Students” for all four years of high school3If high school students are to win the Presidents Award for Educational Excellence, which of the following statements should be included?AAn average grade of 90 or above on a 100 point scale.BA recommendation from a teacher.CA GPA of at least 3.5 in a national standardized test.DA high school senior with outstanding standardized test scores.4The best title for this passage may be “_”AAwards in elementary and middle schoolsBAwards in schools of the United StatesCHow high schools reward their studentsDIts easy to win awards in schools【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。1解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“and students who receive all averages of a 93 or above(90 in some states).receive an A Honor Roll”可知，在美国大多数学校，想要获得A Honor Roll，平均分必须在93分或以上。故答案选A。2解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，如果学生能连续四年获得“优秀学生”的称号，就能带着荣誉毕业。故选D。3解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第五、六句“High school students must have a GPA of at least 3.5. Students must.have a recommendation from a teacher.”可知，B项为条件之一。4解析：选B。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。B项能概括文章内容，适合做标题。故选B。E阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoners Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Profe