2019高考英语二轮复习第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO.1先研考题专题二短文改错讲义.docx

专题二短文改错做考题明考情 A(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.答案：第一句：FridaysFriday第二句：sortsorts第三句：thea; watchingwatch; 去掉not后的to第四句：usme第五句：I后加was; forwith第六句：arewere第七句：wherewhenB(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.答案：第一句：beginbegun第二句：waitwaiting; andor第三句：eager后加to第四句：myselfmy/the第五句：去掉that; largerlarge第六句：includeincludes; mistakemistakes第七句：ImmediateImmediately“三表”析清短文改错一、命题视角原则表知考什么(“频次”中的数字为20162018年全国卷9套试题的考查题量累计)宏观考向词法句法行文逻辑微观考法考点频次设误角度考点频次考点 频次动词24时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气并列连词7时态一致11名词8可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格代词10主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词从属关联词7指代一致6形容词、副词10原级、比较级、最高级冠词7不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词主谓一致0介词9基本用法、固定搭配逻辑一致6数词1基数词与序数词there be句型与特殊句式0词性误用7形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词通过上表我们不难看出，短文改错的考点设置有以下特征：1设题的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的准确性。2词法的考查频次最多的为动词，其次是代词、形容词和副词、介词、名词、冠词、词性误用等。3句法的考查频次以并列连词和从属关联词为主。4行文逻辑的考查主要有时态一致、指代一致和逻辑一致，考查频次差不多。考点的这些设置特征为我们答题提供了重要的信息：一要注意动词的形态变化；二要看人称代词的一致性和关联词的正确性；三要根据在句中的功能来确定词性：名词(常作主语、宾语)、形容词(常作表语、定语)和副词(常作状语)；四要看全文的时态、指代、逻辑是否一致。二、解题意识原则表有何规律短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词23个，错词78个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。类型总数(10)常考点多、缺词23be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句关联词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词78连词、三大从句关联词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等三、规范解题原则表怎么修改改动处以最少为原则实词以改变词形为原则虚词以添加或删除为原则以保持句子原意不变为原则短文改错题一般要求每句最多有两处错误(2018年全国卷有三处错误)。改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，都只能是围绕一个词进行。在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。做短文改错题时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意，做到“换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意”。知考点通技法 典例(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.解题示范 第一步：从语篇入手，理解大意，着眼时态和语态。根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday和下文内容可知，本文讲述的是作者去年寒假看望爷爷奶奶的事，因此整体时态为过去时，故第二句中的时态应用一般过去时，findfound。第二步：从句子入手，逐句分析，推敲语法。注意几乎每年都考查的动词、名词、形容词、冠词和介词类错误，同时注意其他语法类错误。第一句中，go to the countryside“去乡下”为固定用法，故countryside前应加the；第三句，another“又一，再一”后跟可数名词单数，可数名词复数前应用other“其他的”，故anotherother；第四句，根据语境，此处指去那儿，故herethere, chicken前由dozens of修饰，名词应用复数形式，故chickenchickens；第五句，定语从句的先行词是pond，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故whichwhere或which前加in；第六句，by为介词，后跟动词时要用动名词形式，故sellselling；第七句，felt为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故happilyhappy；第八句，every two years为习惯用法，意为“每两年”，其前不用加介词，故去掉for。第三步：从行文逻辑入手，兼顾上下，审查连代。通过前两步仍有一处没能找出，这时要重读短文，从上下文逻辑关系进行排查，放眼全篇去思考。第八句，根据前后语境可知，he agreed与上文之间为逻辑上的顺承关系，故butand。课堂应用体验 A(2018洛阳联考)When I was in primary school, I watched a movie about global warming.See the images of ice melting and the polar bears habitat being destroyed made me disappointed.I begin to realize it was important to do what we can save the environment.I asked my mom to buy a blue recycling bin.And she immediate agreed to get it.Besides, she got for me a black one for trash.I now have a recycling bin for waste papers and plastic bottles in my room.I may be just one person, so I feel like I am making the big difference.答案：第二句：SeeSeeing; bearsbears第三句：beginbegan; save前加to第五句：immediateimmediately; itone第六句：去掉第一个for第七句：paperspaper第八句：sobut/yet; theaB(2018湖北四市七校联考)The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face. Even though there werent leaf on the trees, but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air. They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass. The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back, I realize something. The be