（鲁津琼版）2020版高考英语复习第一部分Module4GreatScientists讲义外研版.docx

Module 4Great Scientists.单词语境记忆1.publish a book出版一本书2.make a breakthrough 取得突破3.in quantity 在数量上4.try to escape from the prison 试图从监狱逃跑5.find a person to replace him 找到一个可以代替他的人6.the quality of the products 产品质量7.a straight line 直线8.a brilliant scientist 才华横溢的科学家9.political career 政治生涯10.convert waste into wealth 把废物转变为财富.词性转换与派生记忆1.support vt.支持n.支持；支撑；供养2.clear vi.(烟雾)消散adj.清楚的；晴朗的3.figure n.人物vt.计算；认为4.leading adj.主要的lead vt.领导；引导leader n.领导；领袖5.physical adj.身体的；物理的physically adv.身体上；身体上地6.brief adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简短地；简洁地7.graduate vi.毕业 n.毕业生graduation n.毕业8.personal adj.个人的personally adv.就个人来说personality n.个性；人格9.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声10.producer n.生产者produce vt.& vi.生产production n.产量；生产product n.产品11.educate vt.教育education n.教育educator n.教育工作者12.agriculture n.农业agricultural adj.农业的13.original adj.原来的；最初的origin n.起源originate vi.起源14.export vt.出口import vt.进口15.breeding n.培育breed v.繁殖16.partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上part adj.部分的联想记忆1.“支持，拥护”家族advocate vt.提倡；拥护back vt. 支持support vt. 支持，帮助stand by/for 支持in favour of 支持，赞同vote for 投票支持 2.“数量”名词全接触quantity 数量amount 数量number 数量mass 大量plenty 大量3.单复数同形名词species n. 物种series n. 系列means n. 方法remains n. 剩余物works n. 工厂；作品4.由“进出口”联想到的名词import 进口export 出口trade 贸易customs 海关tariff 关税openingup policy 对外开放政策短语背诵1.bring up培养；养育；提出；呕吐2.experiment with 对进行实验 3.bring in 引进；收获；赚(钱)4.as a result of 由于的结果 5.in the area of 在领域6.be known for 因而出名/闻名7.earn ones living 谋生8.come to/into power 掌权9.by accident 偶然，意外地词块积累1.living things生物2.in the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代3.carry out experiments 做实验4.make explosions 爆炸5.be diagnosed with 被诊断患有疾病6.o. 把转化为7.the/a key to (doing) sth (做)某事的关键8.be at war with 与交战1.In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.就史蒂芬霍金的情况来说，人们发现他是一个卓越的科学家。2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。3.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the worlds first astronaut? 或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为了世界上第一个宇航员？ 4.He thought there was only one way to do thisby crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。.单词拼写1.About 60% of the flowers in this town were exported (出口) to other countries，increasing the income of the local people.2.The book，published (出版)in 1955，has been translated into more than 30 languages.3.Surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplantation.4.The majority of people in the town strongly support (支持) the plan to build a playground for children.5.Most of the flood victims (受害者) had to leave all their things behind.6.Some teenagers tend to quit when they get into a mess from which they cant escape (逃脱).7.Our school is famous for its outstanding teaching quality (质量) and many students are admitted to key universities every year.8.Large quantities (数量) of gas are produced by cars every day，which is harmful to the environment.9.The rain has stopped and the sky has cleared (放晴); children are playing happily in the yard.10.The shopkeeper said he would replace (更换) the TV set if we were not satisfied.词性变化练习1.We offer an excellent education (educate) to our students.In return，we expect students to work hard.2.Personally (personal) speaking，I dont approve of your marriage to her.3.Yuan Longping，one of the leading (lead) figures in agriculture in the world，is still working hard in the fields.4.I think your original (origin) plan is better than this one.5.Though she explained the topic briefly，we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)6.Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)7.After graduation，he is one of the graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for jobs.(graduate)8.This factory produces computers.Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce).选词填空bring in，bring up，be known for，come to power，be diagnosed with，as a result of，by accident，earn ones living1.Although brought_up in a big city，Henry is very interested in wildlife.2.During recent years，the polar regions have changed a lot as_a_result_of global warming.3.Xian is_known_for its historic buildings，so many visitors travel there every year.4.Even if Mike earned_his_living by working in a coal mine，he never gave up his dream.5.He came_to_power in 2018 again.It was the fourth time that he had been elected President.6.There is little physical contact in peoples daily communication in that country，and even touching someones arm by_accident is the reason for an apology.7.After his wife was_diagnosed_with breast cancer，he spent all of his time looking after her.8.The thief was brought_in with his hands tied behind his back.完成句子1.It_was_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。2.I am sorry for having kept_you_waiting for three hours.很抱歉让你等了三个小时。3.It rained heavily in the south this summer，causing_serious_flooding_in_several_provinces.今年夏天南方雨下得很大，导致几个省份严重洪灾。4.You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the_best_way_of_getting/to_get there.你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要去哪里。 核心要点突破1.support vt.& n.支持；拥护；支撑；供养(1)support sb in sth在某方面支持某人support a (ones) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生(2)with ones support 在某人的支持下in support of 支持；拥护单句语法填空/句型转换We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.Some experts have spoken to support the ban of drunk driving.Some experts have spoken in_support_of the ban of drunk driving.佳句背诵 Hes looking for a new job，one where he can get more money to support his family.他正在寻找一份新工作，一份能赚到更多钱以养家糊口的工作。2.quantity n.数量；大量a large/small quantity of大/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的in quantityin large amounts 大量地单句语法填空/一句多译Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.到目前为止，许多钱已经花费在抚养他的孩子上。A large quantity of money has_been_spent in bringing up his children so far.Large quantities of money have_been_spent in bringing up his children so far.佳句背诵 Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都有所提高。名师指津 quantity作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。3.escape v.& n.逃跑，逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘(1)escape (doing) sth逃避(做)某事 escape from 从逃脱；逃避 escape ones attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 sth escape(s) sb 某物被某人遗忘；未被注意 (2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生单句语法填空Only with the greatest luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.佳句背诵 I saw a familiar face in the crowd，whose name escaped me for the moment.我在人群中看到了一张熟悉的面孔，可是我暂时想不起名字了。4.earn ones living谋生make a livingearn ones living谋生earn ones own living 自食其力earn money/a fortune 挣钱/大钱earn sb praise/a reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/名誉单句语法填空The company has earned a good reputation for reliability.Mary often does some translation work to_earn (earn) extra money，which accounts for half of her income.佳句背诵 Since his parents died early，he had to earn his own living when he was a teenager.因双亲早亡，他十几岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。5.come to/into power掌权；上台；执政in power当权take/seize power 夺取政权beyond ones power 不能胜任within/in ones power 有能力；力所能及单句语法填空/一句多译It is quite beyond my power.Im determined to give it up.当局政府执政两年了。The present government has_been_in_power for two years.The present government came_to_power two years ago.佳句背诵 I will do everything in/within my power to help you.我会尽我所能帮助你。名师指津 come to power 与 be in power 都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。6.keep宾语宾语补足语The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(教材原句)这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。句中的keep the rocket moving为“keep宾语宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。“keep宾语宾语补足语”结构，意为“使继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词。其用法有：(1)keep宾语形容词/副词/介词短语(2)keep宾语现在分词 (分词与宾语构成主动关系) (3)keep宾语过去分词 (分词与宾语构成被动关系)It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们身体健康。The TV program Readers was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes fixed (fix) on the screen.Next，keep the conversation going (go) by asking questions to show interest.名师指津 常见的可接过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find，leave，feel，see，hear，have，get等。(注意：make通常只以过去分词作宾语补足语，少见以现在分词作宾语补足语。) 考纲词汇专练.多义词专练写出下列句中clear的含义vi.(烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)变晴vt.使清澈；使清楚，消除，扫清；清嗓子adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的；清楚的，明白的1.Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.(2017全国卷)清楚的，明白的 2.Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.(2017天津高考)消除，扫清 3.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt.(2016北京高考)畅通的 4.She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.清晰的 5.The professor cleared his throat before giving a speech.清嗓子 .微阅读写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls to the groundand，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用)：bowls of rice do not float in midair，but require support to remain stable.(2016浙江高考)物理的 2.At thirteen，I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder.(重庆高考)诊断 3.During the breeding season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.繁殖 .微完形根据语境选出合适的词语1.Mike，who was _ by his uncle，graduated from a famous university.He earned his living by teaching.He held the belief that he could educate his students well.As a result of his hard work，his _ began to take off.A.brought up B.brought inC.brought out D.brought aboutA.performance B.reputationC.career D.bestseller答案AC2.It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mothers love and care.His mother，who earned her living by selling newspapers，spent a large quantity of money on his education.He became an outstanding _ in his field soon after his graduation.His first book was published last week.In _，his mothers support contributed to his success.A.doctor B.professorC.figure D.politicianA.total B.briefC.fact D.effect答案CB.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式热考常考1.When I went to her room，all her personal (person) belongings had been given away.2.My judgement is that she is a leading (lead) figure in the company.3.The key to earning (earn) others respect is to respect others first.4.Im wondering when the dictionary will be_published (publish).5.On arrival I found that the building had_been_converted (convert) into a primary school.6.Australia is one of the worlds main producers (produce) of wool.7.They were held up in the traffic.As a result，they didnt arrive on time.8.My sister was_educated (educate) in Peking University，one of Chinas top universities.Now she works in a company.9.I have no idea how to support myself (I) after leaving home.10.The teacher said briefly (brief) that gestures are also important in communication.用所给动词的正确形式填空不规则变化1.Bill was born in Canada but was brought(bring) up in America.2.Hangzhou，known (know) for the West Lake，attracts many visitors every year.3.Until now，rice has_been_grown (grow) in many other Asian countries.根据语境选出加黑词的正确含义熟词生义1.According to the rule，everyone shall replace books and magazines after reading.B 2.Unluckily，some poisonous gas escaped from the top，causing a big fire.A.完形填空(2019杭州四中模拟)Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they are _1_It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is, and that gives me the viewpoint to _2_ the surprises of the future.But there is vast grassland of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flipflop (突然改变)_3_This is what convinces me to _4_ the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed.I felt _6_at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe worst _7_ and drought (干旱) in my lifetime.The air conditioner died; the well went dry; the marriage _8_； the job was lost; the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team, bound for their first World Series，_9_ my spirits.Looking back on that _10_ summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely _11_ the bad.I was owed and enjoyed the happy times.They _12_ me for the next dangerous surprise and offered _13_ that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see _14_ beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh, yeah, the corn crop? For that hot summer, the ground _15_ was just right, and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy _17_ my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original _18_ and they probably will do so again in the future, I am _19_ encouraged by the crop that had a “good” _20_ during the drought.【语篇解读】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在干旱的夏天种植玉米的经历体会到读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，也正是这样才练就了作者面对未来宠辱不惊的生活态度，同时作者也向我们介绍了其深信不疑的“对半理论”。1A.worseBeasier CstrangerDbrighter答案A根据空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下文作者阐述的“对半理论”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常状态要好，而另一半则比正常状态差。故空处应填worse与better构成对比。2A.give outBtake downCdeal withDgo through答案C结合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand .future”及下文作者对自己种玉米经历的描述可知，此处作者想要传达的是面对时好时坏的生活，需要时间和阅历读懂生活的常态，这样才能应对未来各种意想不到的事情。deal with“应对，处理”符合语境。3A.slightlyBregularlyCmagicallyDdeliberately答案C根据上文中的“But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good flipflop(突然改变)”及下文作者描述的自己种玉米的经历可知，好与坏之间有一大片生活的草原，在这片草原上坏事和好事会奇妙地突然改变。magically“魔法般地，神奇地”符合语境。4A.break throughBbelieve inCcheck onDpick up答案B根据上文，尤其是“Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are _1_”可知，作者对“对半理论”深信不疑。believe in “信任，相信”符合语境。5A.stoleBignoredCreplacedDflooded答案D根据上文中的“a bottomland(低洼地)so easily”和下文中的“and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在极易遭到水淹的低洼地种植玉米而遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。6A.annoyedBpuzzledCsurprisedDembarrassed答案A根据上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wasted effort”可知，作者为自己浪费了精力而感到懊恼。annoyed“烦恼的，恼火的”符合语境。7A.wind speedBflood warningCstorm damageDheat wave答案D根据下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最严重的酷热期和干旱。heat wave“酷热期，热浪期”符合语境。8A.beganBendedCcontinuedDdisappeared答案B根据上文中的“Summer turned cruelthe worst _7_ and drought(干旱)in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天灾人祸：热浪袭人，干旱来袭，空调报废，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，惨遭失业，积蓄散尽。end“结束，终止”符合语境。9A.relievedBloweredCpurifiedDinspired答案D根据上下文，尤其是该句中的“Only”一词可知，此处描述的是作者在那个夏天遇见的唯一好事，即作者虽然遭受了一系列不好的事情，但是人气攀升的堪萨斯皇家棒球队首次进入World Series使作者精神振奋。inspire“激励，鼓舞”符合语境。10A.horribleBprecious CcolorfulDstrange答案A根据上文中的“Summer turned cruel.the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，那个夏天对作者来说是可怕的。horrible“可怕的，吓人的”符合语境。11A.allocatedBresistedCbalancedDcontradicted答案C根据作者在第一段中提及的“对半理论”以及下文作者提到的玉米的命运发生转变的内容可知，生活总是好坏参半，以达到一种平衡。balance“抵消，保持平衡”符合语境。12A.refreshedBtiredCconvincedDadjusted答案A根据作者信奉的“对半理论”及上文中的“I was owed and enjoyed the happy times”和下文中的“for the next dangerous surprise”可知，快乐的时光让作者重新恢复了精力以应对下一个“意外”。refresh“使恢复精力”符合语境。13A.trustBbelief CadviceDcourage答案B快乐的时光不仅让作者恢复了精力，也给予了作者相信自己可以成功的信念。belief“信念”符合语境。14A.determinationBcreativityCfailureDhope答案D“对半理论”甚至帮作者看到了希望，即使其喜爱的皇家棒球队最近处于低潮。hope“希望”符合语境。15A.wetnessBfreshnessCthicknessDhardness答案A根据上文中的“in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_”和下文中的“the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，玉米被种在原本易被淹没的低洼地，但由于那个炎热的夏天雨水很少，低洼地的湿度正好适合玉米的生存。wetness“湿度”符合语境。16A.separatedBdismissedCabstractedDspared答案D根据上文中的“the ground _15_ was just right”和下文中的“the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”可知，因为干旱，原本易被淹没的低洼地成了适合玉米生存的地方，缺少雨水使玉米逃脱了洪涝的威胁。spare.from.“使逃脱”符合语境。17A.orBand CsoDwhile答案D根据空前的“That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”和空后的“my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)”可知，那年冬天，作者的家里堆满了饱满健康的玉米，而邻居家的地里却只产出了褐色的空壳子。空处前后为对比关系，故while“(对比两件事物)而，然而”符合语境。18A.expectationBrequirementCimpressionDopportunity答案A根据上下文可知，尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望。expectation“期望，期待”符合语境。19A.evenBagain CjustDstill答案D尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望，而且将来还可能是这样，但作者仍然为经历干旱却丰收的玉米而备受鼓舞。still“仍然，还”符合语境。20A.challengeBharvestCexperimentDreputation答案B参见上题解析。a good harvest“丰收”符合语境。challenge“挑战”；reputation“名望，声望”。.语法填空(2019绍兴四校联考)As you know，science plays 1._ very important role in our education.Do you want to keep up 2._ the latest research and discoveries in science？There are many good websites 3._ you can check out the latest in the science world.One great site is Science News for Kids.This site reports science news 4._(cover) a wide range of subjects.The articles are intended for younger readers，but ad