《阿q正传》翻译与鉴赏讲解ppt课件

文学翻译与鉴赏 第1讲,阿Q正传翻译与鉴赏 88821092(O),第二章 优胜记略 Chapter Two A Brief Account of Ah-Qs Victories,阿不独是姓名籍贯有些渺茫，连他先前的“行状”也渺茫。因为未庄的人们之于阿，只要他帮忙，只拿他玩笑，从来没有留心他的“行状”的。而阿自己也不说，独有和别人口角的时候，间或瞪着眼睛道： “我们先前比你阔的多啦！你算是什么东西！”,Yangs version,In addition to the uncertainty regarding Ah Qs surname, personal name, and place of origin, there is even some uncertainty regarding his “background.” This is because the people of Weichuang only made use of his services or treated him as a laughing-stock, without ever paying the slightest attention to his “background.” Ah Q himself remained silent on this subject, except that when quarrelling with someone he might glance at him and say, “We used to be much better off than you! Who do you think you are anyway?”,Original,阿没有家，住在未庄的土谷祠里；也没有固定的职业，只给人家做短工，割麦便割麦，舂米便舂米，撑船便撑船。 工作略长久时，他也或住在临时主人的家里，但一完就走了。 所以，人们忙碌的时候，也还记起阿来，然而记起的是做工，并不是“行状”；一闲空，连阿都早忘却，更不必说“行状”了。只是有一回，有一个老头子颂扬说：“阿真能做！” 这时阿赤着膊，懒洋洋的瘦伶仃的正在他面前，别人也摸不着这话是真心还是讥笑，然而阿很喜欢。,Questions,Q1:翻译前要多读几遍，找到感觉，体会作者说话的语气，即把握原文的风格，包括用词（大还是小？）、句式（长还是短？完整还是省略？是否有异常的句式？）、节奏（快还是慢？急还是缓？）。 A:随意，口语化（句式短，用词小，有不完整句），但节奏感强，但语速慢而缓。因此，译文也应尽量体现这种风格。 Q2:以段为整体进行翻译，分析该段各句之间的关系，看是否需要分段？是否需要合句或分句？ A: 该段句与句之间比较独立，可不分句。,补充例子,一九一一年，在一个小县城里边，我生在一个小地主家里。(萧红：永久的憧憬和追求) 误译：In the year of 1911,I was born in the home of a petty landlord in a small county town. 正译：In the year of 1911, I was born into the family of a petty landlord in a small county town.,A)阿没有家，住在未庄的土谷祠里。,参考译文1：Ah Q had no family but lived in the Tutelary Gods Temple at Weichuang. （杨译） 参考译文2：Having (太正式) no family, Ah Q lived at the local Land-and-Grain Temple, and . (Lyell译),a)也没有固定的职业，/b)只给人家做短工，/c)割麦便割麦，/d)舂米便舂米，/e)撑船便撑船。,Q: 该句由五个小句构成，彼此是什么关系？是否需要分句？需要用什么关联词？ A: 该句含两个层次。a和bcde之间是第一层，是因果关系；b和cde之间是第二层，是总分关系；cde之间是第三层，是并列关系。“割麦”、“舂米”和“撑船”是“做短工”的例子。因此，可用冒号“：”连接。,“职业”：occupation? job? work? vocation? profession?,occupation: 1）an activity that serves as ones regular source of livelihood; a vocation.(用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动) 2）an activity engaged in especially as a means of passing time; an avocation.(尤指以此来消耗时间的一项活动；副业, 兼差) profession: an occupation requiring considerable training and specialized study(需要大量训练和专门学习的行业) vocation: a regular occupation, especially one for which a person is particularly suited or qualified.(正规的工作，尤指一个人特别适合或尤其有资格胜任的职业),做短工 do odd jobs 割麦 harvest或reap，不用cut或mow(因强调具体的动作)，此处应虚化。 mow: to cut down (grass or grain) with a scythe or a mechanical device（刈：用长柄镰或机械装置割倒草或谷物）,“舂米”的翻译,舂：把东西放在石臼或钵里捣去皮壳或捣碎 pestle: to pound, grind, or mash with a pestle (捣，研碎：用杵磨碎、研磨或捣碎) pound: to beat to a powder or pulp; pulverize or crush (捣碎，碾碎，舂烂：打碎成粉末或浆；磨碎或压碎) grind：to crush, pulverize, or reduce to powder by friction, especially by rubbing between two hard surfaces (碾碎：压碎，挤碎或通过摩擦使其变成粉末，尤指在两个坚硬表面磨碎) husk: to remove shell or outer covering from(去壳) hull: to remove the dry outer covering of (fruit or seeds) (去掉果皮，去壳),撑船 punt: to propel (a boat) with a pole (用篙撑) pole: to propel a boat or raft with a pole (以竿撑船：用杆或篙推动船或筏),割麦便割麦，舂米便舂米，撑船便撑船 Asked to reap wheat, he would reap wheat; asked to pound/husk rice, he would pound/husk rice; and asked to punt/pole boat, he would punt/pole boat.,也没有固定的职业，只给人家做短工，割麦便割麦，舂米便舂米，撑船便撑船。,参考译文1：He had no regular work either, simply doing odd jobs for others: were there wheat to be cut he would cut it, were there rice to be ground he would grind it, were there a boat to be punted he would punt it. （杨译） 参考译文2：.and having no fixed occupation, he did odd jobs. When there was wheat to be harvested, he harvested it; when there was rice to be hulled, he did that; and if there was a boat to be poled, hed turn his hand to that too. （Lyell译）,工作略长久时，他也或住在临时主人的家里，但一完就走了。,“工作略长久”怎么译？ The work/job lasted a considerable period “或”怎么理解？ 或=或许/可能: might, would “住”怎么理解？ 住短暂停留,译为stay或put up at（在住宿）, 不译live “一完就走” When a job lasted a considerable period, he might/would temporarily put up at the home of his employer, but once the work was done, hed move out.,工作略长久时，他也或住在临时主人的家里，但一完就走了。,参考译文1：If the work lasted for a considerable period he might stay in the house of his temporary employer, but as soon as it was finished he would leave. （以下未分段）（杨译） 参考译文2：When a job lasted a bit longer than the usual, he might temporarily put up at the home of his employer, but once the work was done, hed move out.（此处分段）（Lyell译）,所以，人们忙碌的时候，也还记起阿来，/然而记起的是做工，/并不是“行状”；/一闲空，连阿都早忘却，更不必说“行状”了。,“人们忙碌的时候”和“一闲空”怎么理解？可否译为when the people are busy和when they are at their spare/free time? 为什么？ “也还记起阿来” 怎么理解？ “记起的是做工，并不是行状”怎么理解？ 行状：一生经历的记载 行状：汉朝称“状”，元代以后称之“行状”或“行述”（也称“事略”）。叙述死者世系、生平、生卒年月、籍贯、事迹的文章，常由死者门生故吏或亲友撰述，留作撰写墓志或史官提供立传的依据。,所以，人们忙碌的时候，也还记起阿来，/然而记起的是做工，/并不是“行状”；/一闲空，连阿都早忘却，更不必说“行状”了。,参考译文1：Thus whenever people had work to be done they would remember Ah Q, but what they remembered was his service and not his “background“; and by the time the job was done even Ah Q himself was forgotten, to say nothing of his “background.“ （杨译） 参考译文2：When the busy season came, to be sure, peoples minds would turn to Ah Q, but what they would think about was his ability to work and not the particulars of his “resum”.（Lyell译）,只是有一回，有一个老头子颂扬说：“阿真能做！” 这时阿赤着膊，懒洋洋的瘦伶仃的正在他面前，别人也摸不着这话是真心还是讥笑，然而阿很喜欢。,Q: 怎样理解该句中几个小句的关系？是否需要调整语序？如何调整？ “只是有一回”怎么译才能把原文的语气译出来？ Q: “阿真能做！”怎么译出语气？ Q:几个修饰词“赤着膊”、“懒洋洋的”、“瘦伶仃的”该如何处理？在译句中的位置该如何摆放？各词该如何表达？,只是有一回，有一个老头子颂扬说：“阿真能做！” 这时阿赤着膊，懒洋洋的瘦伶仃的正在他面前，别人也摸不着这话是真心还是讥笑，然而阿很喜欢。,参考译文1：Once indeed an old man remarked, “What a good worker Ah Q is!“ At that time Ah Q, stripped to the waist, listless and lean, was standing before him, and other people did not know whether the remark was meant seriously or derisively, but Ah Q was overjoyed.（杨译） 参考译文2：There was only a single instance when anyone had ever praised him, and that was when an old man had said, “That Ah Qs some worker!” Bare-chested at the time and standing right in front of the old man, Ah Q looked so scrawny and worn-out that one couldnt tell whether the old fellow had really meant it or was simply making fun of him. Nonetheless, Ah Q had been pleased as punch.（Lyell译）,Yangs Version (1),Ah Q had no family but lived in the Tutelary Gods Temple at Weichuang. He had no regular work either, simply doing (but simply did) odd jobs for others: were there wheat to be cut he would cut it, were there rice to be ground he would grind it, were there a boat to be punted he would punt it. If the work lasted for a considerable period he might stay in the house of his temporary employer, but as soon as it was finished he would leave.,Yangs Version (2),Thus whenever people had work to be done they would remember Ah Q, but what they remembered was his service and (but) not his “background”; and by the time the job was done even Ah Q himself was forgotten, to say nothing of his “background.” Once indeed an old man remarked, “What a good worker (labourer) Ah Q is!” At that time Ah Q, stripped to the waist, listless and lean, was standing before him, and other people did not know whether the remark was meant seriously or derisively, but Ah Q was overjoyed.,Lyells Version (1),Having (太正式)no family, Ah Q lived at the local Land-and-Grain Temple, and having (太正式) no fixed occupation, he did odd jobs. When there was wheat to be harvested, he harvested it; when there was rice to be hulled, he did that; and if there was a boat to be poled, hed turn his hand to that too. When a job lasted a bit longer than the usual, he might temporarily put up at the home of his employer, but once the work was done, hed move out.,Lyells Version（2）,When the busy season came, to be sure, peoples minds would turn to Ah Q, but what they would think about was his ability to work (不如his service/labour) and not the particulars of his “resum”(不如background). Once the busy season was over they would have forgotten his very existence, not to mention the details of his past career(不必换词). There was only a single instance when anyone had ever praised him, and that was when an old man had said(太长，风格变了), “That Ah Qs some worker!” Bare-chested at the time(位置不对) and standing right in front of the old man, Ah Q looked so scrawny(骨瘦如柴的) and worn-out(精疲力竭的？) that one couldnt tell whether the old fellow had really meant it or was simply making fun of him. Nonetheless (太大，太长，从语气上说不如Yet), Ah Q had been (was) pleased as punch. Punch: 传统滑稽木偶剧潘趣与朱迪中爱惹事生非的鹰钩鼻的木偶形象，是朱迪的丈夫。 pleased as Punch：highly pleased; gratified（非常快乐的；满足的）,Original,阿又很自尊，所有未庄的居民，全不在他眼睛里，甚而至于对于两位“文童”也有以为不值一笑的神情。夫文童者，将来恐怕要变秀才者也；赵太爷钱太爷大受居民的尊敬，除有钱之外，就因为都是文童的爹爹，而阿在精神上独不表格外的崇奉，他想：我的儿子会阔得多啦！,Questions for Sentence ,A)阿又很自尊，/B)所有未庄的居民，全不在他眼睛里，/C)甚而至于对于两位“文童”也有以为不值一笑的神情。 Q:三个小句关系如何？是否要合句？用什么关联词？ A:从整段看，小句A是主题句，可单独译。小句B和C是递进关系，也可用sothat连接。,阿又很自尊,Q: “又”怎么理解？怎么译？是否需要译？ Q: “自尊”怎么理解？作者的intention是什么？可看出作者什么样的语气？ 参考译文1：Ah Q, again, had a very high opinion of himself. （杨译） 参考译文2：Since he thought so well of himself, .,所有未庄的居民，全不在他眼睛里，甚而至于对于两位“文童”也有以为不值一笑的神情。,Q: “全不在他眼睛里”怎么理解？怎么译？ Q: “甚而至于也”怎么表达？ Q:“文童”怎么理解？ 童生、儒童(in Qing and Ming times) a scholar without a Xiucai degree（还没有考上秀才的读书人） Q:“有以为不值一笑的神情”怎么理解？怎么表达？,所有未庄的居民，全不在他眼睛里，甚而至于对于两位“文童”也有以为不值一笑的神情。,参考译文1：He looked down on all the inhabitants of Weichuang, thinking even the two young “scholars“ not worth a smile, .(杨译) 参考译文2：Since ., Ah Q considered the other villagers simply beneath his notice. He went so far with this that he even looked down his nose at the villages two Young Literati. (Lyell译),Questions for Sentence ,A)夫文童者，将来恐怕要变秀才者也；/B)赵太爷钱太爷大受居民的尊敬，/C)除有钱之外，就因为都是文童的爹爹，/D)而阿在精神上独不表格外的崇奉，/E)他想：我的儿子会阔得多啦！ Q: 分析各小句之间的关系，看是否需要合句或分句？如何合或分？,夫文童者，将来恐怕要变秀才者也。,Q:认真体会该句的风格，看它与上下文的风格有何不同？作者为什么突然煞有介事地来一句这样的风格？作者用意如何？ Q: “夫者，者也”如何译？注意语气！ A: “夫”、“者也”之类都是文言常用的虚字。这 句话这样说法，是八股文的烂调。作者在这篇小说里常常用文言来讽刺当时维护文言文、反对白话文的人。 Q: “秀才”怎么译？,夫文童者，将来恐怕要变秀才者也。,参考译文1：., though most young scholars were likely to pass the official examinations. (杨译) 参考译文2：He didnt realize, of course, that up there in the rarefied world of scholar-officialdom those whom one doth Young Literati name can darn well get to be those whom one must Budding Talents proclaim if you dont keep an eye on them.,赵太爷钱太爷大受居民的尊敬， /除有钱之外，就因为都是文童的爹爹，/而阿在精神上独不表格外的崇奉，/他想：我的儿子会阔得多啦！,Q: 是否需要合句？用什么关联词？ Q: “赵太爷钱太爷”怎么译？ Q: “在精神上”怎么处理？in the spirit? in his mind?是否可以省略不译？ Q: 怎样理解“他想”和前句的关系？怎样处理“想”的形式？ Q: “阔”怎么理解和表达？rich? wealthier? 阔：富有，豪奢：阔气、阔绰,参考译文1：Mr. Chao and Mr. Chien were held in great respect by the villagers, for in addition to being rich they were both the fathers of young scholars. Ah Q alone showed them no exceptional deference, thinking to himself, “My sons may be much greater!“（此处分段）（杨译） 参考译文2：Thats why Old Master Qian and Old Master Zhao were so all-fired respected in the village: they were daddies to those two Young Literati and rich to boot. Ah Q, however, was less than impressed. “My sons gonna to be a lot richer.”（此处未分段）（Lyell译）,Yangs Version,Ah Q, again, had a very high opinion of himself. He looked down on all the inhabitants of Weichuang, thinking even the two young “scholars” (最好直译加注) not worth a smile(太直), though most young scholars were likely to pass the official examinations (不太好理解). Mr. Chao and Mr. Chien were held in great respect by the villagers, for (语气未传达) in addition to being rich (标点) they were both the fathers of young scholars. Ah Q alone showed them no exceptional deference(尊重/敬重), thinking to himself, “My sons may be much greater!”,Lyells Version,Since(没有来由) he thought so well of himself, Ah Q considered the other villagers simply beneath his notice. He went so far with this that(, so much so that/to such an extent that) he even looked down his nose at(瞧不起) the villages two Young Literati(容易误解，不如音译+注解). He didnt realize, of course, that up there in the rarefied(纯净/高雅) world of scholar-officialdom(士大夫) those whom one doth Young Literati name can darn well(很有可能) get to be those whom one must Budding Talents proclaim (传达了原文风格，但太啰嗦) if you dont keep an eye on them. Thats why Old Master Qian and Old Master Zhao were so all-fired respected in the village: they were daddies to those two Young Literati and rich to boot(口语化，形象，但有喧宾夺主之嫌). Ah Q, however, was less than impressed. “My sons gonna to be a lot richer.”(传神！),Original,加以进了几回城，阿自然更自负，然而他又很鄙薄城里人，譬如用三尺三寸宽的木板做成的凳子，未庄人叫“长凳”，他也叫“长凳”，城里人却叫“条凳”，他想：这是错的，可笑！油煎大头鱼，未庄都加上半寸长的葱叶，城里却加上切细的葱丝，他想：这也是错的，可笑！然而未庄人真是不见世面的可笑的乡下人呵，他们没有见过城里的煎鱼！,加以进了几回城，阿自然更自负，然而他又很鄙薄城里人，,Q: 注意和上文的关联：“加以” Q:“进了几回城”和“更自负”是什么关系？用什么关联词？ Q:“自负”、“鄙薄”怎么译？,Questions for Sentence ,譬如A)用三尺三寸宽的木板做成的凳子，未庄人叫“长凳”，/B)他也叫“长凳”，/C)城里人却叫“条凳”，/D)他想：这是错的，可笑！ Q: 4个小句之间的逻辑关系如何？是否需要分句？如何分？用什么关联词？,加以进了几回城，阿自然更自负，然而他又很鄙薄城里人，,参考译文1：Moreover, after Ah Q had been to town several times, he naturally became even more conceited, although at the same time he had the greatest contempt for townspeople. 参考译文2：On top of that, Ah Q had been to town a couple of times and that made him even more full of himself. Yet he could be contemptuous of townsfolk too.,譬如A)用三尺三寸宽的木板做成的凳子，未庄人叫“长凳”，/B)他也叫“长凳”，/C)城里人却叫“条凳”，,Q:三个小句之间是什么关系？是否要合译？需要添加什么关联词？ Q: “的凳子，未庄人叫他也叫城里人却叫”在结构上有什么特点？翻译时是否要调整语序？为什么？ Q: “三尺三寸”如何译？ Q:如何表达“凳子”、“长凳”和“条凳”？,譬如A)用三尺三寸宽的木板做成的凳子，未庄人叫“长凳”，/B)他也叫“长凳”，/C)城里人却叫“条凳”，,参考译文1：For instance, a bench made of a wooden plank three feet by three inches the Weichuang villagers called a “long bench.“ Ah Q called it a “long bench“ too; but the townspeople called it a “straight bench,“ and he thought, “This is wrong. How ridiculous!“（杨译） 参考译文2：For instance, Wei Villagers called a seat made from a three-foot plank a longbench and so did Ah Q, but the townsfolk called it a stickbench. “Thats not right, thats flatass dumb!” he thought to himself. （Lyell译）,Questions for Sentence ,A)油煎大头鱼，未庄都加上半寸长的葱叶，B)城里却加上切细的葱丝，C)他想：这也是错的，可笑！ Q: 3个小句之间是什么关系？是否需要分译？用什么关联词？ Q:该句结构是否与上句相同？若不同，区别在哪里？如何翻译？ Q: “油煎大头鱼”怎么译？ Q: “葱叶”和“半寸长的葱叶”怎么译？ Q: “切细的葱丝”怎么译？,A)油煎大头鱼，未庄都加上半寸长的葱叶，B)城里却加上切细的葱丝，C)他想：这也是错的，可笑！,参考译文1：Again, when they fried large-headed fish in oil the Weichuang villagers all added shallot leaves sliced half an inch long, whereas the townspeople added finely shredded shallots, and he thought, “This is wrong too. How ridiculous!“ （杨译） 参考译文2：And how about fish? When frying bigheads, Wei Villagers would toss chopped scallions into the pan, but the townsfolk always used shredded ones. “Thats not right, thats flatass stupid!” he thought to himself. （Lyell译）,bigheads：大头鱼（泛指几种头部很肥大的鱼） chop: to cut into small pieces(剁碎) e.g. chop onions(剁洋葱) chop up meat(把肉剁碎) shred: (vt.) to cut or tear into shreds(切/撕成碎片) shred (n.) a long, irregular strip cut or torn off(碎片，细条),Questions for Sentences ,然而A) 未庄人真是不见世面的可笑的乡下人呵，B)他们没有见过城里的煎鱼！ Q: 两个小句是什么关系？是否需要分译或合译？是否需要加关联词？ Q: 这句话的说话人是谁？作者？叙述者？还是阿Q？弄清这一点很重要。 Q:“不见世面的”如何译？,参考译文1： But the Weichuang villagers were really ignorant rustics who had never seen fish fried in town!（杨译） 参考译文2：“On the other hand, I gotta remember that next to me, Wei Villageers are just a bunch of hicks. Theyve never even seen how bigheads are fried in town.”（Lyell译）,Yangs Version,Moreover, after Ah Q had been to town several times, he naturally became even more conceited, although at the same time he had the greatest contempt for townspeople. For instance, a bench made of a wooden plank(厚木板) three feet by three inches(误译) the Weichuang villagers called a “long bench.” (整个句式受汉语句式影响) Ah Q called it a “long bench” (长凳) too; but the townspeople called it a “straight bench,“(条凳) and he thought, ”This is wrong. How ridiculous!” Again, when they fried large-headed fish in oil the Weichuang villagers all added shallot leaves sliced half an inch long(嫌硬), whereas the townspeople added finely shredded shallots, and he thought, “This is wrong too. How ridiculous!” But the Weichuang villagers were really ignorant rustics(乡巴佬) who had never seen fish fried in town(是否会令人误解？)!,Lyells Version,On top of that(语气好！), Ah Q had been to town a couple of times(好！) and that made him (衔接自然！) even more full of himself(地道！). Yet he could be contemptuous of townsfolk too. For instance, Wei Villagers called a seat made from a three-foot plank a longbench and so did Ah Q, but the townsfolk called it a stickbench. “Thats not right, thats flatass(完全/彻底) dumb(愚蠢/不明智)!” he thought to himself. （衔接好！） And how about fish? When frying bigheads, Wei Villagers would toss chopped(剁碎) scallions into the pan, but the townsfolk always used shredded(切成细条？) ones. “Thats not right, thats flatass stupid!” he thought to himself.“On the other hand, I gotta remember that next to me, Wei Villagers are just a bunch of hicks(乡下人/土包子). Theyve never even seen how bigheads are fried in town.”(间接引语直接引语，语气传神！),Original,阿“先前阔”，见识高，而且“真能做”，本来几乎是一个“完人”了，但可惜他体质上还有一些缺点。最恼人的是在他头皮上，颇有几处不知起于何时的癞疮疤。这虽然也在他身上，而看阿的意思，倒也似乎以为不足贵的，因为他讳说“癞”以及一切近于“赖”的音，后来推而广之，“光”也讳，“亮”也讳，再后来，连“灯”“烛”都讳了。,Questions for Sentence ,A)阿“先前阔”，见识高，而且“真能做”，本来几乎是一个“完人”了，/B)但可惜他体质上还有一些缺点。 Q: 该句的作用是什么？与上文是什么关系？ A: 承上启下。A小句总结上文，B小句开启下文。A和B之间是转折关系。因A下句承上，且译文可能较长，B小句是该段的主题句，因此可分译，将将B小句用短句单独译出，起到突出的作用。,a)阿“先前阔”，b)见识高，而且c)“真能做”，d)本来几乎是一个“完人”了，,Q: 四个小句是什么关系？该如何处理这种关系？ A: 小句a、b、c之间是并列关系，对上文的总结，小句d是对a、b、c三个小句的评价。 Q: “先前阔”、“真能做”用直接引语，表明是上文原封不动的用语，这里该怎么处理？ A: 文学作品中的形式也很重要，除非不得已，一般不改变作者有意使用的带有修辞作用的标点符号。这里“引号”宜照译，并注意与上文在语气上保持一致。 Q：“见识高”和“先前阔”、“真能做”一样，实际上是一种调侃的语气。译文该如何表达这种语气？ A:,Questions for Sentence ,最恼人的是在他头皮上，颇有几处不知起于何时的癞疮疤。这虽然也在他身上，而看阿的意思，倒也似乎以为不足贵的，因为他讳说“癞”以及一切近于“赖”的音，后来推而广之，“光”也讳，“亮”也讳，再后来，连“灯”“烛”都讳了。,Yangs Version,Ah Q who “used to be much better off,” who was a man of the world and “a good worker,” would have been almost the perfect man had it nor been for a few unfortunate physical blemishes. The most annoying were some places on his scalp (头皮) where in the past, at some uncertain dare, shiny ringworm(癣) scars had appeared. Although these were on his own head, apparently Ah Q did not consider them as altogether honourable, for he refrained from using the word “ringworm” or any words that sounded anything like it. Later he improved on this, making “bright” and “light” forbidden words, while later still even “lamp”