无线通信基础(双语)教学(1).ppt

,Wireless Communication Fundamentals,Dr. Jiang Zhu, Professor,Department of Military Communication Engineering,School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Wired Vs. Wireless Communication,Wired Vs. Wireless Communication,Wired Vs. Wireless Communication,How does signal propagate ? How much attenuation take place ? How does signal look like at the receiver ? How does signals using the same propag- ation channel ?,Wired Vs. Wireless Communication,Provide comprehensive understanding of fundamental principles underlying wireless communications and networking Principles include: Characteristics and performance limits of wireless systems Techniques to overcome the difficulties,Goal of This Course,Outline,Outline,Email: jiangzhugfkd.mtn Phone: 74477Office: 103 room, 4th Departments General Building,Course information,Instructor Information,Course information,Text Wireless Communications and Networking by Jon W.Mark and Weihua Zhuang Reference Modern Wireless Communications by Simon Haykin and Michael Moher Lecture Notes by Dr. Jiang Zhu,Course Material,Course information,Some basic knowledge of communication Some basic knowledge of signals and systems Some basic knowledge of probability and statistics,Prerequisites,Course information,Class Time: 18 Lectures (36 credit hours) Labs: 4 credit hours Final exam : ?,Time & schedule,Course information,Experiment 15% Homeworks & Class Participation 5% Final Exam 80%,Grading,Outline,Introduction to main topics,Introduction to main topics,Introduction to main topics,Introduction to main topics,Introduction to main topics,Outline,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,Transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves in open space Electromagnetic waves Travel at speed of light (c = 3x108 m/s) Has a frequency (f ) and wavelength (l) c = f l,What is wireless communication?,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,Propagation characteristics are different in each frequency band,AM radio,S/W radio,FM radio,TV,TV,cellular,What is wireless communication?,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,Ground Wave,Sky wave,Space wave,What is wireless communication?,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,Provides mobility A user can send or receive a message no matter where he or she is located Added convenience/reduced cost Enables communication without installing an expensive infrastructure,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,Why use wireless comm?,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,The wireless channel Wireless channels are a difficult and capacity limited broadcast communications medium Modulation、coding、equalization、diversity etc. User mobility Traffic patterns, user locations, and network conditions are constantly changing Handoff and Location management,Challenges of wireless comm,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,The fundamental physical resource in wireless systems is the radio spectrum. The development of wireless communications has often a search for more efficient ways of using the radio spectrum.,Challenges of wireless comm,1.1 Definition of Wireless communication,OSI Model,This layer provides the physical mechanism for transmitting bits between any pair of nodes.,One purpose of the data-link layer is to perform error correction of detection, this layer is also responsible for the way in which different users share the transmission medium.,This layer has several functions, one of which is to determine the routing of the information. A second function is flow control, to ensure that the network does not become congested.,1.2 History of wireless communication,1864 - Maxwell predicts existence of electro-magnetic (EM) waves 1887 - Hertz proves existence of EM waves; first spark transmitter generates a spark in a receiver several meters away 1890 - Branly develops coherer for detecting radio waves 1896 - Marconi demonstrates wireless telegraph to English telegraph office,Before the “Birth of Radio”, 1864-1896,1.2 History of wireless communication,莫尔斯电报和贝尔电话都是有线通信，当时人们认为电只能沿导线传输。可当时的英国科学家麦克斯韦尔不这样认为，早在1864年麦克斯韦尔就从理论上预言了电磁波的存在，他认为电能可以在空间以电磁波的形式存在，1864年麦克斯韦尔在英国皇家学院发表了他的第三篇著名论文电磁场力学的理论，在这篇论文中，麦克斯韦尔严格推导出完善的电磁波方程（麦克斯韦尔方程）并得出电磁波的传播速度等于光速（30万公里/秒）的重要结论。1887年德国物理学家赫兹用实验证实了电磁波的存在证明了麦克斯韦尔预见的正确性。,1895年，意大利的马可尼和俄国的波波夫把电磁波应用到无线电报通信中，但当时电波的传送距离较近（20300公里），而且声音很微弱，只能用耳机收听，距离远了就听不见。直到1906年，26岁的美国青年，业余无线电爱好者德福雷斯特发明了具有放大能力的真空三极管后，通信技术有了突飞猛进的发展，先后出现了无线电广播，电视，无线电话，并发展到今天的计算机通信、卫星通信，光纤通信，网络通信，移动通信等。,1.2 History of wireless communication,“The Birth of Radio”,1897 - Marconi awarded patent for wireless telegraph 1897 - First “Marconi station” established on Needles island to communicate with English coast 1898 - Marconi awarded English patent for tuned communication 1898 - Wireless telegraphic connection between England and France established,1901 - Marconi successfully transmits radio signal across Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to Newfoundland 1902 - First bidirectional communication across Atlantic 1909 - Marconi awarded Nobel prize for physics,1.2 History of wireless communication,Transoceanic Communication,1914 - First voice over radio transmission 1924 - Bell Laboratories claim the first mobile 2-way voice based radio telephone 1920s - Mobile receivers installed in police cars in Detroit 1930s - Mobile transmitters developed; radio equipment occupied most of police car trunk 1935 - Frequency modulation (FM) demonstrated by Armstrong,1.2 History of wireless communication,Voice over Radio,1946 - First interconnection of mobile users to public switched telephone network (PSTN) 1947 - (at Bell Labs) D.H. Ring described the cellular network idea in an internal memo. 1969 - The Bell System made commercial cellular radio operational by employing frequency reuse for the first time. 1976 - Bell Mobile Phone has 543 pay customers using 12 channels in the New York City area; waiting list is 3700 people; service is poor due to blocking,1.2 History of wireless communication,Birth of Mobile Telephony,1979 - NTT/Japan deploys first cellular communi- cation system 1983 - Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) deployed in US in 900 MHz band 1989 - Groupe Spcial Mobile defines European digital cellular standard 1991 - US Digital Cellular phone system introduc- ed 1993 - IS-95 (CDMA) digital cellular system depl-oyed in US,1.2 History of wireless communication,Cellular Mobile Telephony,1995 - FCC auctions off frequencies in Personal Communications System (PCS) band at 1.8 GHz for mobile telephony, The auction money for six broadband PCS licensed bands (120 MHz) almost reaches 20 billion US dollars 1999 - ITU decides the next generation mobile com- munication systems (e.g., W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc) 2000s Third/fourth generation cellular system standards, Bluetooth, WiFi, ad hoc networks, sensor networks,1.2 History of wireless communication,PCS and Beyond,1.2 History of wireless communication,History of Cellular Communication,1.2 History of wireless communication,Over 80% of worlds population has cellular coverage Over 3 billion cellular subscribers Half of the worlds population Many developed countries have more subscribers than people,1.2 History of wireless communication,Cellular Phone Penetration,Cellular has enjoyed exponential growth since 1988 Ignited the recent wireless revolution Asia way ahead of the rest of the world Much hype in 1990s, great failures around 2000,1.2 History of wireless communication,Cellular Phone Penetration,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Mobile Cellular Networks Wireless Data Networks Mobile Satellite Communication Ad Hoc Networks Wireless Sensor Networks GPS Cordless Phone Paging System,Wireless Communication System,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Mobile Cellular Networks,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,What is a cellular system ?,FCC defines the cellular system as: A system in which assigned radio spectrum is divided into discrete channels, which are assigned in groups to geographic cells covering a cellular geographic service area. A system which uses radio transmission rather than physical wire lines to provide telephone service.,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Cellular System Characterized by,High mobility provision Wide-range Two-way voice communication Handoff and roaming support Integrated with sophisticated public switched telephone network (PSTN) High transmit power requires at the handsets (2W),1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wireless Data Networks,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wi-Fi short for “Wireless Fidelity“, is a set of standards for WLAN currently based on the IEEE 802.11specifications. WLAN using the IEEE 802.11 HiperLAN is a European Standard,Wireless LAN,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wireless LAN,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wireless LAN,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.3 UWB IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Radios,Wireless PAN,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Wireless PAN,Bluetooth,1. 3 Types of wireless communications,Cover very large areas Optimized for one-way transmission Radio (DAB) and movie (SatTV) broadcasting Most