动词分类.ppt

动词分类,一、 动词的种类 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词,实义动词： 有实在意义并能独立作谓语的动词。 分类：1.及物动词和不及物动词 2.延续性动词和短暂性动词,1. 及物动词：后直接加宾语 例：read a book, wash clothes. drink water 不及物动词：后加介词(to.at.of -)加宾语 look at me listen to the music arrive in/at,2. 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的， We have lived in China for many years. 例：live, stay, study, work, keep, teach 等 短暂性动词表示瞬间动作，动作刚发生便立即结束。 I have finished my homework. 例： buy, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, go, come, catch,系动词：（都可做实义动词） 有词义， 但是不能单独作谓语， 必须和 表语一起构成主系表结构。 分类：状态系动词 持续系动词 感官系动词 变化系动词,状态系动词：be （am ,is ,are）动词，表示主语的状态。 含义:-是什么，-怎么样，-在哪里 我在教室里。 Tom 和 lily是好朋友。 Sally很漂亮。 我昨天在学校。,I _ a student. You _ a doctor. _she from Jinan? _you American? He _ in Class 4, Grade 1. It_ a car. They _ cars . _ your mother in China? _your friends in New York? What _her name? These _ buses. Those _oranges. Where _ her mother? How old _your teacher? What class _ you in?,持续系动词： keep; stay; remain,感官系动词 ：某物使人产生的感觉。 look 看起来 sound 听起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 感觉起来 后加形容词。 He looks tired. This flower smells very sweet.,. 变化系动词 ：表示主语变成什么样。 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad . The girl grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light.,助动词:本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语。 必须和其他动词连用，帮助其他动词构成时态、语态、 否定句和疑问句等。 1.be (am/is/are was/were been being); 2.have （has/had） 3.do (does/did); 4.will(would) & shall(should)。,be be +现在分词，构成进行时态 He is reading a book. be + 过去分词，构成被动语态 The door was opened by him.,have(has/had) have/has +过去分词 构成现在完成时 had +过去分词 构成过去完成时,do(does/did) 构成否定句 I didnt go home yesterdat. 构成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 Do you like coffee? Where does she come from？ 构成否定祈使句 Dont talk!,will/shall 用来构成将来时 will 主语为任何人称 shall主语为第一人称,情态动词： 说话人对某事的态度。有一定词义，但不能单独做谓语，后加动词原形。 不受主语人称和数影响 。 I can swim. She can swim.,分类： 只作情态动词的：can(could); must; may(might) 既作情态动词又作实义动词的：need 既作情态动词又作助动词的： 既作情态动词又作助动词的：will(would); shall(should) 具有情态动词的某些特征的：have to; had better,can(could); must; may(might) 含有情态动词的句子 变否定情态动词后加not ,变疑问情态动词提到句首 。 肯定回答：Yes,主语+ can(could); must; may(might) 否定回答：No,主+can,could ,may ,might+not. 但must 的否定回答；No,主语+neednt No,主语+dont have to Must I clean the bedroom? Yes, you must. No, you neednt ./dont have to .,need need+to do sth :need 为实义动词 eg: She needs to wash the dishes. need+动词原形：need为情态动词 She need wash the dishes.,will(would); shall(should) 表示建议或意愿 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗 will you close the window? I will do anything thing for you.,have to :不得不，后加动动原形变否定和疑问句，需要助动词DO帮助。 例：We have to go to school. We dont have to go to school. Do you have to go to school?,had better:最好，后加动词原形 had better do sth 例;She had better go there today. 变否定：had better not do sth She had better not go there