《特殊区域配置》PPT课件.ppt

配置OSPF的特殊类型区域,OSPF的区域类型,Stub and Totally Stub Area Rules 末梢与完全末梢区域的规划,如有下列情况，可将一个区域规划为末梢与完全末梢区域: 有单一的一个ABR，或者有多个ABR，产生次优路径到达其他区域或外部自治系统时； 在一个区域内的所有路由器为末梢路由器； 这个区域内没有ASBR； 这个区域不是0区域； 没有虚链路通过这个区域；,不接受5类LSAs ABR向stub区域注入一条默认路由 区域50的所有路由器必须配置为stub,Using Stub Areas 末梢区域的使用,Stub Area Configuration stub区域的配置,area area-id stub no-summary,这个命令的作用是启用stub区域 在stub区域中的所有路由器必须成为stub路由器,RouterA(config-router)#,area area-id default-cost cost,这个命令的作用是设置一个stub区域的默认开销 Stub区域的默认开销为1,RouterA(config-router)#,OSPF Stub Area Configuration Example OSPF stub区域的配置实例,不接受3,4,5类LSAs 减少路由表条目 区域内所有路由器必须配置为stub ABR必须配置为totally stub 这是Cisco独有的区域类型,Using Totally Stubby Areas 完全末梢区域的使用,area area-id stub no-summary,这个命令的作用是启用Totally Stubby区域 注意：这个命令只用在ABR执行，区域内其他路由器任为stub,Totally Stubby Configuration Totally Stubby区域的配置,RouterA(config-router)#,Totally Stubby Configuration Example Totally Stubby区域配置实例,Routing Table in a Standard Area,P1R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.31.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 172.31.22.4 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:44, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.1 110/1 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:44, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.2 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:02:52, Serial0/0/0 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:52, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.4 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:44, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks O 10.11.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:03:22, FastEthernet0/0 C 10.200.200.13/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.2.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:03:23, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 10.1.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:03:23, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 10.254.0.0/24 110/50 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:39, FastEthernet0/0 P1R3#,Routing Table in a Stub Area,P1R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 172.31.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 172.31.22.4 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.1 110/1 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.2 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:01:49, Serial0/0/0 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.4 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks O 10.11.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:50, FastEthernet0/0 C 10.200.200.13/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.2.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:01:50, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 10.1.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:50, FastEthernet0/0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 110/2 via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:51, FastEthernet0/0 P1R3#,Routing Table in a Stub Area with Summarization,P1R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 172.31.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks O IA 172.31.22.4/32 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:13:08, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.31.11.0/24 110/1 via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:39, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks O 10.11.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:13:08, FastEthernet0/0 C 10.200.200.13/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.2.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:13:09, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 10.1.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:13:09, FastEthernet0/0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 110/2 via 10.1.1.1, 00:13:09, FastEthernet0/0 P1R3#,Routing Table in a Totally Stubby Area,P1R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks O 10.11.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:16:53, FastEthernet0/0 C 10.200.200.13/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.2.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.3.4, 00:16:53, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 10.1.0.0/24 110/782 via 10.1.1.1, 00:16:53, FastEthernet0/0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 110/2 via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:48, FastEthernet0/0 P1R3#,NSSA打破了STUB区域的规则 ASBR (R1)可以存在于NSSA区域内 由ASBR(R1)产生7类LSA,ABR (R2) 将7类LSA变为5类LSA ABR生成默认路由代替ASBR NSSA 是RFC文档的增补,Not-So-Stubby Areas 非纯末梢区域,area area-id nssa no-redistribution default-information-originate metric metric-value metric-type type-value no-summary,使用此命令顶替STUB区域的命令来定义NSSA区域 关键词no-summary是开启NSSA totally stubby区域，这是Cisco专有特征,NSSA Configuration NSSA区域的配置,RouterA(config-router)#,Example: NSSA Configuration NSSA区域配置实例,NSSA Totally Stubby Configuration NSSA Totally Stubby区域配置,NSSA totally stubby 区域是Cisco特有的区域,show ip ospf,显示区域的类型,show Commands for Stub and NSSA,show ip ospf database,显示LSAs信息,show ip ospf database nssa-external,显示第7类LSA的信息,show ip route,显示所有路由条目,RouterA#,RouterA#,RouterA#,RouterA#,Summary 总结,OSPF的区域有：标准区域，骨干区域，末梢区域，完全末梢区域和NSSA区域 使用area area-id stub 命令将一个区域变为stubby区域 在ABR上使用area area-id stub 的关键词no-summary，使一个区域成为totally stubby