托福阅读——词汇题.pptx

,New Oriental School Luoyang Branch TOEFL Teaching Group Joanna zuo5601159289,托福题型分类：,词汇题：,Identify确认 Modify修改 Satisfy满意 Simplify简化 Consists of 由 组成 Combines 联合 Restricts 限制 Establishes 建立,Restricted限制 Endangered灭绝 Prevented预防 Rejected拒绝 Enclosed附上 Permanent永久的 Motionless静止的 Intact完整的,Explained解释 Visible可见的 Identified认出 Located处于 Streams溪流 Cracks破裂 Storms暴风 Earthquakes地震,sudden 突然 的 unusual 不寻常的 immediate 立即的 extreme极其的 specific 特定的 unlimited 无限的 reasonable 合理的 long长的,托福题型分类：,词汇题：,The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to.,In stating X, the author means that,词汇题方法一,生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示,We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.,词汇题方法一,生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示,This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.,词汇题方法一,生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示,This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.,（） 破折号 逗号,The worlds heaviest flower is a parasite that flourishes among, and lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg).,smelly B. hidden C. mature D. heavy,The worlds heaviest flower is a parasite that flourishes among, and lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg).,smelly B. hidden C. mature D. heavy,Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.,3. The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning to A.specific B.unlimited C.reasonable D.long,Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.,3. The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning to A.specific B.unlimited C.reasonable D.long,Of the various hypotheses假设 attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez. According to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable. 8. The phrase account for in the passage is closest in meaning to A.describe B.challenge C.explain D.test,Of the various hypotheses假设 attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez. According to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable. 8. The phrase account for in the passage is closest in meaning to A.describe B.challenge C.explain D.test,An asteroid of this size would be expected to leave an immense crater, even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock. 11. The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning to A.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extreme,An asteroid of this size would be expected to leave an immense极大的 crater, even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock. 11. The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning to A.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extreme,词汇题方法二,并列，平行与排比,or and also as well as 等,She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.,Q： The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to took a trip to started out on improved upon had a opinion about,She embarked on her career职业生涯 by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.,Q： The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to took a trip to started out on improved upon had a opinion about,The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings.,5The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations,The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops背景 or environmental trappings.,5The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations,Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering.,7. The word “fractures” in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms earthquakes,Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering.,7. The word “fractures” in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms earthquakes,Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.,The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in meaning to explained visible identified located,Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.,The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in meaning to explained visible identified located,词汇题方法三,对比，转折,But , yet , however, although, even though , instead Rather than, contrast 等,We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. 1The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate,We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. 1The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate,Water does not remain immobile in an aquifer but can seep out at springs or leak into other aquifers. The rate of movement may be very slow: in the Indus plain, the movement of saline (salty) groundwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped. 10. The word “immobile” in the passage is closest in meaning to enclosed permanent motionless intact,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,Water does not remain immobile in an aquifer but can seep out at springs or leak into other aquifers. The rate of movement may be very slow: in the Indus plain, the movement of saline (salty) groundwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped. 10. The word “immobile” in the passage is closest in meaning to enclosed permanent motionless intact,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for womens right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word “representative“ is closest in meaning to which of following? typical satisfied supportive distinctive,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for womens right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word “representative“ is closest in meaning to which of following? typical satisfied supportive distinctive,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word “prized“ is closest in meaning to which of following? valued universal uncommon preserved,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word “prized“ is closest in meaning to which of following? valued universal uncommon preserved,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,词汇题方法四,动宾搭配，形容词修饰搭配,Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. The word “inhibits“ in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer on huckleberry, salad, dogwood水木, and almost any other shrub or herb. The word “inhibits“ in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earths land surface is threatened by this process. 1. The word “threatened” in the passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejected,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earths land surface is threatened by this process. 1. The word “threatened” in the passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejected,WITH LOVE GENIUSHOME1,Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most atten