科技英语翻译13b.ppt

科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧,定语从句的翻译,合译法,译成定语 The microorganism which causes disease is pathogenic. 引起疾病的微生物是细菌。 The way which the human mind works is almost impossible to copy. 人类思维方式几乎是不可以复制的。 The people who study ecosystem are called ecologists. 那些从事生态系统研究的人被称作生态学家。 A modem is a device which conncts a computer via telephone lines to other computers. 调制解调器是把一台计算机通过电话线同其他计算机相连接的一种装置。 In modern industry many substances are used which have been found to do great harm to man. 现代工业使用许多对人体有很大危害的物质。,译成谓语 New electron tubes could be built that worked at much higher voltages. 如今制造的电子管，工作电压要高得多。 A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. 严格的素食者终生都不食用动物性食品。 Scientists have found the detective gene that causes a rare, heritable disorder. 科学家们发现基因缺陷会引起一种罕见的遗传疾病。 There is no place on earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer. 地球上任何地方冬天的白昼都比夏天长。 Strength, hardness and plasticity of emtals are the properties that make them so useful for industry. 金属的强度、硬度和可塑性这些性能使它们在工业上得到广泛应用。,分译法,译成并列分句 重复关系代词所代的名词，有时还可以在名词之前加指示代词“这”或“该”。 At present hundreds of millions of tons of diverse substances which are a source of harm to the health of people, plantlife, and useful microorganisms are discharged to the atmosphere. 目前，成千上万吨各种各样物质排入大气，这些物质实际上是对人类健康、植物生存、以及有用的微生物产生危害的根源。 Electronic communication is a network that connects everyone to everyone else and provides just about any sort of electronic communication imaginable. 信息高速公路是一种电子通讯网络，这一网络把所有的人互相联系起来，并可提供任意一种人们想得到的电子通讯方式。,The earth is a large ecosystem in which plants, animals, insects and humans all depend on one another in some way. 地球是一个大型的生态系统，在这个系统中动物、植物、昆虫以及人类在一定程度上都相互依存。 Heart and vessels form a complete circle, through which the blood flows. 心脏和脉管形成一个完整的循环，血液通过这一循环而流动。 Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21% by volume. 空气是一种气体混合物，氧气占空气体积的21%。,关系代词译成“它”、“它们”等。 Allliving things are made of very small cells, whose form can be seen with the aid of a microscope. 所有生命体都由极小的细胞构成，借助显微镜可以看到其形状。 The control unit is an important part of the computer, which can cause the machine to operate according to mans wishes. 控制器是计算机的重要部分，它能使计算机按人们的意愿进行操作。 The deep sea is a highly preserving environment where the water temperature is just a few degrees centigrade and little light can penetrate. 深海是一个非常封闭的环境，那儿的温度只有几摄氏度，很少有光能穿透。 The base is the foundation of all machines and is the part on which all other parts are mounted. 底座是所有机器的基础，也是一个部件，其他部件都装在它上面。,当从句具有转折意义时，除重复关系代词所代的名词之外，还须加连词“而”、“但”、“可是”等。 Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子构成的，而分子又是由原子构成的。 A metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属经得起锤子的敲打，而石头却不能。 Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 机械能转变为电能，而电能又转变为机械能。 Fine grains of dust can reflect blue light, which coarse grains of dust can not. 微粒灰尘能反射蓝光，但粗粒灰尘却不能。 Hydraulic copying make it suitable for the aerospace industry, which was then still developing in Europe. 液压仿形适合于宇航工业，但这种工业当时在欧洲尚处于发展阶段。,当关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，说明整个主句，对主句的内容作补充说明、总结、概括或承上启下的作用时，可译成指示代词“这”。 Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 橡胶质轻、有弹性、耐用而且防水，这使得橡胶工业十分重要。 Miniaturization means making things small in size, which is of great importance for the development of the electronics industry. 小型化意味着缩小东西的尺寸，这对电子工业的发展极为重要。 Internet is very useful in modern life, which is known to everybody. 因特网在现代生活中非常重要，这是众所周知的。 When fuels burn, chemical energy changes into light and heat energy, which agrees with the law of conservation of energy. 燃料燃烧时，化学能就转化为光和热能，这和能量守衡定律是一致的。,如果关系代词which与其在主句所修饰的词能够顺序说明，表达清楚时，可省略不译。 Live-wire operation is an advanced technique by which linsmen can repair transmission without cutting off the current. 带电作业是一项先进技术，线路工人能不切断电流就修理输电线。 It is called the north pole of the magnet, which is usually marked N. 这就叫磁体的北极，通常用N 表示。 In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hadly seen with our eyes. 在大部分海域里，生存着无数的微生物，我们用眼睛看不见。 When the free electrons in a conductor move in one direction only, the current thus established is called a direct current, which is often abbreviated to DC. 当导体的自由电子只以一个方向运动时，这样产生的电流叫做直流电，常缩写为DC 。,译成状语从句 译成原因状语从句 Vegetarianism is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. 对正在发育的儿童来说，素食肯定是不可取的，因为他们需要的蛋白质不可能全从植物类食品中获得。 Iron is not as strong as steel which is an alloy of iron with some other elements. 铁的强度不如钢的高，因为钢是铁和其他一些元素形成的合金。 A cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than our eyes, can see things clearly in the night. 因为猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在夜里能把东西看得很清楚。 The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于电子计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常称为电脑。,译成结果状语从句 Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 铜的电阻很小，所以广泛用来输电。 Molecules have perfect elasticity, in consequence of which they undergo no loss of energy after a collision. 分子可任意膨胀，所以在碰撞后并没有能量损失。 Scientists have developed a second generation of the blood substitute that solves the problem of blood storage. 科学家们已经研制出第二代血液代用品，从而解决了血液的贮存问题。 In 1952 London had a very bad four-day smog in which 4000 bronchitis sufferers died. 1952年，伦敦曾连续四天烟雾弥漫，结果造成4000名支气管患者死亡。,译成目的状语从句 Many universities have “closed-circuit” television equipment that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms. 许多大学都配备了“闭路”电视设备，以便为各个教室的千百个学生进行电视讲授和演示。 The workers oil the moving parts of these machines regularly, the friction of which may be greatly reduced. 工人们定期给这些机器的传动部分加油，以便大大减小摩擦。 Agricultural researchers are stepping up efforts to develop heat-resistant and drought-resistant crops that might replace traditional crops if the climate changes. 农业研究人员正加紧努力培育抗热和抗旱的作物，以便在气候变暖时取代传统作物。 It needs clear hierarchies of information. It needs principles of organization that will at least suggest the reliability of the sources. 我们有必要将信息加以清楚地分级，并需要严格的组织原则以提高信息源的可靠性。,译成条件状语从句 An electrical current begins to flow through a coil, which is connected across a charged condenser. 如果线圈同充电的电容器相联接，电流就开始流过线圈。 Alloys, which contain a magnetic substance, generally also have a magnetic properties. 合金如果含有磁性物质，一般也会具有磁性。 Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria. 食物如果放置时间太久，就会腐烂，因为食物会受到酵母菌、霉菌以及细菌的侵蚀。 Water that is impure causes serious illness. 水如果不清洁就会引起重病。 For any machine whose imput force and output force are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. 任何机器若知其输入力和输出力，就可求出机械效益。,译成让步状语从句 Photographs are taken of stars, the light of which is too faint to be seen by eyes at all. 虽然许多星体的光线非常微弱，眼睛根本看不见，但它们的照片还是被拍下来了。 Scientists say that standard filters, which reduce the amount of tar inhaled by smokers, do not make the smoke less toxic to the cells. 科学家们说，普通过滤嘴虽然可以减少吸烟者吸入的焦油量，但不能减少烟雾对细胞的毒害。 Penicillin drugs, which cured nearly all bacterial urinary-tract infections several decades ago, are now much less effective against them. 青霉素虽然几十年前曾治愈了几乎所有的细菌性尿道感染，但现在它的效果已经大大不如以前了。 My assistant, who had carefull read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 我的助手虽然做实验前仔细通读过说明书，但由于生搬硬套，故未能得出满意的结果。,译成时间状语从句 Water, the temperature of which reaches 100, begins to boil. 当水的温度达到100时，开始沸腾。 Very loud sounds produced by huge planes which fly low over the land can cause damage to house. 巨型飞机低空飞行时产生的巨大轰鸣，足以摧毁房屋。 Electricity which is passed through the thin tungsten wire inside the bulb makes the wire very hot. 电通过灯泡里的钨丝时，会使钨丝变热。 Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 电供给电灯时，会变成光能。 A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an electromotive force induced in it. 当线圈在磁场中运动时，其内部会感应起一个电动势。,特殊定语从句的译法,as引导的定语从句 As seen from the earth, these planets apear to move in circles round the sun. 正如从地球上看到的那样，这些行星看来是围绕太阳作圆周运动。 As is very natural, man can live without air. 没有空气人就不能生存，这是很自然的。 The patient did not have a heart attack as the doctor had feared. 患者并没有像医生所担心的那样复发心脏病。 Power is equal to work divided by the time, as has been said before. 功率等于功除以时间，这在前面已讲到。 As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made satellite. 报上宣布，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。,“there be”结构 The sun is not the only source of energy there is in the world. 太阳不是世界上惟一的能源。 He said he would make full use of the time there was left to him and do as much as he could for the environmental protection. 他说他要充分利用他剩下的岁月尽量为环保工作做些事。 Currently E-mail is the cheapest means of communication there is to us. 目前，电子邮件是我们所能使用的最廉价的通讯方式。,由“but”引导的定语从句 There is no rule but has exception. 凡规则都有例外。 There has not been a scientist of eminence but was a man of industry. 没有哪一个有成就的科学家不是勤奋的。 With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem but can be solved. 使用电子计算机，任何复杂的问题都能解决。,采用合译法，将下列各定语从句译成“的”字结构的定语： The people who use biometric locks no longer have to worry about forgetting their keys. Glass bottles and jars that hold food an drink allow us to see the contents. The chemical processes by which iron oxide are stripped of their oxygen constituents are complex. The day is rapidly coming when robots will be equipped with a multitude of sensors such as vision, touch, force and proximity. There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished.,Key: 使用生物统计锁的人再也不必担心忘记带钥匙了。 我们可以看见盛食物和饮料的玻璃瓶罐里面所装的东西。 使铁氧化物脱氧的化学过程很复杂。 机器人装备大量传感器诸如视觉、触觉、受力和临近传感器的时候很快就要到来了。 胃切除可以用许多方法。,采用合译法，将下列定语从句译成简单句中的谓语： Some scientists have described the robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its own senses and actions. About 107 elements have been found, two thirds of which are metals. Physicists have a strong wish for a simple but sound theory that would explain the ultimate physical make-up of matter. In the late 1960s, a type of filter was introduced in Britain and elsewhere that would have make cigarettes safer. Researchers have found 14 kinds of fish that can change from female to male and 8 kinds of fish that can change from male to female.,Key: 一些科学家描述说未来的机器人可以通过自己的感觉和行动在人类世界中自由行动。 已发现了大约107种元素，其中2/3是金属。 物理学家们强烈希望用一种简单可靠的理论来解释物质的最终结构。 60年代后期，英国和其他一些国家曾采用一种过滤嘴来减少香烟的危害。 研究人员已经发现，有14种鱼能由雌变雄，有8种鱼能由雄变雌。,采用分译法，将下列定语从句译成并列分句： A computer is a device that takes in a series of electrical impulses representing information. Computers, which make it possible to free man from the labor of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering. The waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light. Galileo was a famous Italian scientist by whom the Copernican theory was further proved correct. To find the pressure we divide the force by the area on which it presses, which gives us the force per unit area.,Key: 计算机是一种装置，它接收一系列含有信息的电脉冲。 计算机在工程技术上已经获得广泛应用，它使人们可能摆脱复杂的测量和计算劳动。