文献综述的写法NorthEastNormalLiteratureReview23Aug.ppt

The active writing of the literature review: Analysis of gaps in research knowledge,Professor YI XIE Jiangxi Normal University,How do you undertake a literature review?,librRY BOOKSHOP INTERNET References in journal article- key readings & key authors,How many references are appropriate to include in a paper?,30 references? Depend on material, paper, length 5000 words, have 10 articles You have to pay to have articles published,How & why to record citations (cited in) and references?,Believable cite sources of evidence ideas study leaders in the field Thank you accumulation building on the work of other Lakoff. G. (2004), Dont Think about the Eelephant. Melbourne: Scribe. In-text citation - Whejhwejkdwbjhvgqui (Lakoff, 2004: 24) “Wewjhegbrrhr” (Rizvi cited in Lakoff, 2004: 24),An example,review the national and international Research literature, (with later refinement), to define motivation and engagement of boys within early and middle schooling, focus on the potential for role models, literacy acquisition and models of learning particularly relating to use of ICT. The review will identify a range of factors and causal relationships regarding boys academic and other performance.,narrative review, best-evidence synthesis and analysis Review national & international research generated over the past 5 years rigour (comprehensive) and objectivity (neural in tone) Reviewing: identifying, coding, collecting, interpreting definitions of key concepts and drawing evidence-based conclusions,Goals of a literature review,Find previous research findings that are relevant: what is know - knowledge What has been done (how has it been done?), what has not been done (identify gaps in the research knowledge) & what you might do (narrow focus, doable, feasible) -originality,Goals of literature review,There are no lock-step procedures for conducting the research literature, but you need a plan for conducting your particular literature review,How do you initiate a search for the literature?,Step 1- establishing key search concepts,Identify, select & define record a range of key terms used for conducting e-searches (why?) identify various synonyms for keywords by concept mapping or selecting keywords from e-searches (e.g. motivation, engagement, social outcomes, academic outcomes,) Record in an appendix the key search words, highlighting those that produced useful results, i.e. assisted in identify existing research studies Generate a concept map of key e-search concepts to lay the groundwork for an in-depth and focused examination of the research literature & to generate of questions to be addressed to the literature.,What criteria do you use to select literature for review?,Step 2- Identify criteria for selecting literature to be reviewed,issues relevant to research topic (e.g. engagement, motivation, achievement of academic outcomes, achievement of social outcomes) a focus on particular research subjects (e.g. education of Indigenous students, students from low SES backgrounds, students from rural & regional areas) Other particular emphases (e.g. early & middle schooling) Reviews of related research presentation as a research study quantitative & qualitative publication in scholarly books, refereed journals & funded research report publication within the last five years (find very recent research, -accumulation of knowledge) frequently cited seminal works i.e leaders in the field,Criteria for the inclusion of research in the literature research,focus (e.g. boys education, including Indigenous boys & boys from low SES, regional & rural areas) research dealing with specific issues (e.g. engagement, motivation, social outcomes & academic outcomes for boys) scholarly books, refereed journals and funded research reports include both quantitative & qualitative studies (e.g. statistical data, case studies, program descriptions, narrative reports. Statistical analysis useful for identifying effects across studies qualitative analysis necessary to explain the effect & decide if it matters for policy or pedagogy. Initially cast the net as widely as possible to increase the chance of turning up relevant research,What are the major elements to look for in the literature?,Step 3 Prepare & use coding matrix,Research problem (question) Explanation & justification of the problem Theoretical framework Research design Data collection techniques Data analysis procedures Discussion - conclusions Soundness & completeness of study (gaps),Where & how do you collect the literature?,Research literature: academic books, refereed journal articles, official reports Internet Google search engines, and other links check name & author Library have to pay to borrow and copy the books,Step 4: Collection of research literature,Relevant research literature may be sourced from: Libraries E-date based Follow-up relevant authors & references in material you find “Google Scholar” useful (free) starting point Find refereed journal articles,Theres no research literature on my topic!,No research literature dangerous sign Need to contextualise the study Need to look for other synonyms,How do you write a literature review?,Step 5 - Reviewing as active writing systematic & critical analysis,identify the proposition/s that researchers have articulated - focus on specific rather than broad propositions (arguments). identify key concepts used differences in research design & data analysis),Step 6- Interpretation of the research literature in terms of your research question,Decide whether to read more than abstract for every article some need to be read in depth using coding matrix to record key aspects of the research report interpret the researchers claims & categorise them within the framework of a common set of terms and propositions establish main ideas or concepts evaluate how successful the researchers were in addressing the questions that framed their study In terms of your research question Key e-copies of every draft of literature review,Step 7 assess whether the evidence supports conclusions,critical review of the research methods & findings an analysis of the extent to which each researchers evidence & reasoning provide clear explanations for the identified research problem a judgement of the soundness & completeness of each research report critical analysis of each report in terms of its ability to address the complexity of the issues identification of issues & ideas that have been neglected or rejected.,What conclusions do you create from the literature review?,Step 8- Drawing conclusions,conclusions to be made about how the research has contributed to knowledge of the research problem: what do we now know? Specifications of gaps in knowledge at a broad level identification of the particular gap to which this project will make a contribution,When is the literature review finished?,Step 9 reviewing literature based on actual research findings,Once evidence has been collected & analysed it is important to search and review research literature related to issues that arise in the data that may not have already been covered When finalising the thesis check for the latest research in the field,Need for rich literature review,To get the main ideas on the research topic, need to have more than a few references A bibliography will list all the materials considered, the reference lists only those cited in the text Endnote for generating bibliographies and reference lists,Literature review an active writing process,Step 1- establishing key search concepts Step 2- Identify criteria for selecting literature to be review Step 3 Prepare & use coding matrix Step 4: Collection of research literature,Step 5 - Reviewing as active writing systematic & critical analysis Step 6- Interpretation Step 7 assess whether the evidence supports conclusions Step 8- Drawing conclusions Step 9 reviewing literature based on actual research findings,What is Literary Analysis?,Its literary Its an analysis Its- An Argument! It may also involve research on and analysis of secondary sources,How is it “literary”?,Usually, a literary analysis will involve a discussion of a text as writing, thus the term literary, which means “having to do with letters” This will involve the use of certain concepts that are very specifically associated with literature,Important literary concepts,The Basics Plot Setting Narration/point of view Characterization Symbol Metaphor Genre Irony/ambiguity,Other key concepts Historical context Social, political, economic contexts Ideology Multiple voices Various critical orientations Literary theory,How Can I Learn More?,There are various handbooks of literary terms available in most libraries. There are numerous introductions to literary criticism and theory that are widely available. Example: A Handbook to Literature. Harmon/Holman,What is an Analysis?,An analysis of a literary work may discuss How the various components of an individual work relate to each other How two separate literary works deal with similar concepts or forms How concepts and forms in literary works relate to larger aesthetic, political, social, economic, or religious contexts,How is a literary analysis an argument?,When writing a literary analysis, you will focus on specific attribute(s) of the text(s). When discussing these attributes, you will want to make sure that you are making a specific, arguable point (thesis) about these attributes. You will defend this point with reasons and evidence drawn from the text. (Much like a lawyer!),Which is the best thesis statement?,Moby-Dick is about the problem of evil. Moby-Dick is boring and pointless. Moby-Dick is about a big, white whale. The use of “whiteness” in Moby-Dick illustrates the uncertainty about the meaning of life that Ishmael expresses throughout the novel.,How do I support a thesis statement?,Examples from the text: Direct quotations Summaries Paraphrase Other critics opinions Historical and social context Always remember to read carefully highlight usef