浙江省2018中考英语复习教材知识梳理篇第12课时八上Modules9_10精讲试题外研版.docx

第12课时八年级上册Modules 910,基础知识巩固温馨提示：建议在掌握重点单词、短语及句型后，趁热打铁，完成默写手册P18对应内容，以达到巩固、自测的效果。重点单词1.noise n. 噪音；杂音2prepare v. 准备；预备3notes n. (pl.) 笔记；随笔4report n. 报告；汇报5grow v. 增长；增大6huge adj. 巨大的；庞大的7cause v. 造成；引起8problem n. 麻烦；问题9increase n. 增大；增长v. 增大；增长10birth n. 出生11billion num. 十亿12fifth num. 第五；五分之一13flat n. 套房；公寓14rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物15quiet adj. 寂静的；安静的16local adj. 当地的；本地的17pupil n. 学生；(尤指)小学生18.pollution n. 污染19public adj. 公共的；公众的20service n. 公共服务；服务21solve v. 解决问题22cloud n. 云；云雾23shower n. 阵雨24snow n. 雪 v. 下雪25storm n. 暴风雨26cloudy adj. 多云的27rainy adj. 多雨的；下雨的28snowy adj. 多雪的；下雪的29sunny adj. 晴朗的30windy adj. 多风的；刮大风的31skate v. 滑冰32thick adj. 厚的33ice n. 冰34.joke v. 说笑话；开玩笑n笑话；玩笑35temperature n. 温度36minus adj. 负的；零下的37degree n. 度；度数38although conj. 然而；尽管39wet adj. 下雨的；湿的40neither adv. (某人或某事物)也不41terrible adj. 使人烦恼的；可怕的42wish v. 但愿；希望43probably adv. 或许；可能44mile n. 英里45round adv. 围绕地46northwest n. 西北adj. 西北的；朝西北的47southeast n. 东南 adj. 东南的；朝东南的词汇拓展1.prepare v. 准备；预备preparation n. 准备2noise n. 噪声；杂音noisy adj. 吵闹的；喧哗的3five num. 五fifth num. 第五4quiet adj. 寂静的；安静的quietly adv. 安静地5pollute v. 污染pollution n. 污染6serve v. 招待；服务service n. 服务7cloud n. 云；云雾cloudy adj. 多云的8snow n. 雪snowy adj. 下雪的9.storm n. 暴风雨stormy adj. 有暴风雨的10thick adj. 厚的thin (反义词)adj.薄的11though conj. 然而；尽管although (同义词)12wet adj. 下雨的；湿的wetter (比较级)wettest (最高级)13terrible adj. 使人烦恼的；可怕的terribly adv. 非常；很14maybe adv. 可能；或许probably (同义词)重点短语1.hang on 口稍等 2close down (永久)关闭，关停3come on 快点4from time to time 有时；间或5the population of China 中国的人口6one fifth 五分之一 7at the start/end of在开始/结束时8more than 超过9all over the world 全世界 10some day某天11.make more efforts 做更多的努力 12pay for 付款 13quite a lot 相当多14as well 也15at least 至少 16take photos of 拍的照片17all year round 整年18had better do sth.最好做某事19come out 出来续表重点句型1.Beijing is a huge city with a large population.北京是一个人口多的大城市。2The population of China is about1.37 billion.中国的人口大约为13.7亿。3It takes an hour to get there by bus.乘公共汽车需要一小时到达那儿。4Thats almost one fifth of the worlds population.那几乎是世界人口的五分之一。5That makes over 131.4 million birth a year.那造成一年超过1.314亿的出生人口。6The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago.帕克维尔当地的小学校在五年前关闭了。7.It might snow.可能会下雪。8Its probably sunny and hot there.那儿很可能阳光明媚，天气炎热。9Bring a map because you may want to travel around.带一份地图，因为你可能想四处环游。10Whats the weather like in America in winter?美国冬天的天气怎么样？11I dont like showers or windy weather.我不喜欢阵雨也不喜欢刮风天气。12With more and more people in the world, more and more water is used.随着世界上的人越来越多，越来越多的水被使用。,重难词句选析1prepare v. 准备；预备(教材P72)【点拨】prepare作动词，意为“准备”。常见用法有：(1)prepare for sth./to do sth.准备做某事 如：The students are busy preparing for the college entrance examination.学生们正忙着准备考大学。(2)prepare sb.for sth./prepare sb.to do sth.使某人对某事做准备 如：The teachers are preparing the students for the final examination.老师们正在让学生们准备期末考试。(3)prepare sb.sth.为某人准备某物 如：The hostess prepared us something tasty.女主人为我们准备了美味的东西。(4)prepare sth.for n. /v. ing 为准备某物如：The farmers are preparing the field for planting fruits.农民们正在为种水果准备耕地。(5)be prepared for/be prepared to do sth.准备做某事 如：The students are well prepared for/to attend the sports meeting.学生们为参加运动会做好了充分的准备。【即时训练】根据汉语提示补全句子。My mother is _preparing_for_(为做准备) my birthday dinner.2. increase n. & v. 增大；增长(教材P72)【点拨】(1)increase作动词时，常用以下结构：increase by倍数/百分数，意为“增加了倍/百分之”。如：Traffic accidents have increased by three percent in the past year.去年交通事故已经增加了3%。increase to具体数字，意为“增加到”。如：The population of the town has increased to 50，000.这个镇上的人口已经增加到5万。(2)increase也可以作名词，意为“增加；增长”。如：Some people voted for the tax increase.一些人投票赞成增税。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。在不到一年里，食品的价格上涨了百分之十。Food prices _increased_by_10% in less than a year.3although conj. 然而；尽管(教材P80)【点拨】although though意为“尽管；虽然”，although比though更正式，二者可互换，但是也有所区别：(1)although和though引导的从句放在主句前后均可。如：He often helps me with my English though/although he is quite busy.尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。(2)although和though引导的从句不能与but，however连用，但可与yet，still连用。如：Though/Although it was raining，we still went there.虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。(3)though还可与别的词结合使用，如even though，as though等；although不可以。如：Ill go and help them even though I stop my work.即使我停下自己的活不干，我也要去帮助他们。(4)though可用作副词，放在词尾；although却不可以这样用。如：He said he would come，he didnt，though.他说要来却没来。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。虽然他年轻，但是却懂得很多。_Although/Though_he_ is young，he knows a lot.4wish v. 但愿；希望(教材P80)【辨析】wish与hope两者都可表示“希望”，但用法上有相同与不同之处：(1)wish和hope都可接不定式作宾语。如： We wish/hope to see the film.我们希望看这部电影。(2)都能与介词for连用，后接名词或某些不定代词，表示“希望得到；祈求”。如：Do you hope for peace？你希望和平吗？Do you wish for anything better？你希望得到更好的东西吗？(3)wish后可接双宾语表示祝愿，hope则不能。如： I wish you success.我祝你成功。(4)wish后可接复合宾语，即wish sb.to do sth.结构，hope则不能。如：My father wishes me to be a pilot.我的父亲希望我成为一名飞行员。(5)wish和hope都能接that引导的从句，但wish后的从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气(动词用过去时或过去完成时，表示希望不大可能的事情发生)，hope则用所需要的时态。 如： I wish I were taller.我希望我的个子再高一些。I hope I will finish my homework in half an hour.我希望我能在半个小时内完成家庭作业。 【即时训练】用wish或hope填空。(1)I _wish/hope_ to be a painter.(2)They _wish_ Jack to stay with them.(3)I _wish_ I hadnt bought the book yesterday.5. Whats the weather like in America in winter，Betty？贝蒂，美国冬天的天气怎么样？(教材P80)【点拨】“Whats the weather like (in地点)？”是询问天气状况的常用句型。其同义句型为“How is the weather (in地点)？”。回答时，常用“Its表示天气的形容词”。如：Whats the weather like in Wuhan？How is the weather in Wuhan? 武汉的天气怎么样？Its hot.炎热。【即时训练】第(1)题选词填空；第(2)题句型转换。(1)_What_(What/How) is the weather like today?Its sunny.(2) It is cold in Harbin.(对画线部分提问)_Hows_ the weather in Harbin?6But I dont like showers or windy weather.但是我不喜欢暴风雨或大风天气。Me neither.我也不喜欢。(教材P80) 【点拨】此句型中，“Me neither.”为非正式的简略表达形式，其正式的句型结构为：“Neitherbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”，表示“也不”。其中，neither作副词，意为“也不”，承接前一否定句构成否定倒装句。如：My father didnt watch TV.Neither did my mother.我爸爸没有看电视，我妈妈也没看。【拓展】neither还可以作代词，意为“(两者)都不”。如：Neither of us felt like going out.我俩都不想外出。Which one would you like，tea or coffee？你喜欢哪一个，茶还是咖啡？Neither.两个都不喜欢。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。他明天不去游泳，我也不去。He wont go swimming tomorrow._Neither_will_I_,当堂练习检测.根据汉语意思完成句子。1英格兰的十二月通常下雪吗？ 通常不下，尽管今年下了相当多的雪。_Is_ it_snowy_ in England in December?Not usually, although this year it snowed _quite_a_lot_2九月是去新英格兰游览的最佳时间。 The best time _to_visit_ New England is in September.3晚些时候可能会下雨，所以你要随身带一把雨伞。 It _may_ rain later, so take an _umbrella_ with you.4带上你的照相机以便拍摄秋天的树木。Bring your camera so that you can_take_photos_of_ the autumn trees.5加利福利亚在太平洋海岸，终年天气晴朗。California is on the Pacific coast，and the weather is fine _all_year_round_6夏季和秋季时常有暴风雨。There are storms _from_time_to_time_ in summer and autumn.用方框中所给单词或词语的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。wet，probably，close down，cold，billion1The population of the world is about seven _billion_2The factory _closed_down_ because of the bankruptcy(破产)3Winter is _colder_ here than in England.4Mary will _probably_ go to New York in the autumn.5The Amazon Rainforest is one of the _wettest_ places in the world.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。The 1._weather_(天气) is different in different parts of the world.In some places its 2._hot_(热的)，in some 3._other_(其他的) parts it may be very cold.There may be much snow.When it is 4._snowy_(下雪的)，the 5._trees_(树)，the buildings and everything look white.In 6._winter_(冬天) the days are short and the nights are long.On cold nights，when there are no clouds or 7._winds_(风)，the sky is clear.And the moon and the stars are very 8._beautiful_(美丽的)People may put on their 9._coats_(外套) and go out for long walks.When they come back to their houses，they may be happy to 10._drink_(喝) hot coffee and have cakes by the fire.完形填空。How do you keep cool during summer? Air conditioners or electric fans are good tools in modern society. But _1_ that, people could only use fans.Over 3 000 years ago, fans began to be used. They were made of feathers(羽毛), bamboo or silk. They came in different _2_，including round and square.Later, with the invention of paper, folding paper fans became popular during the Song Dynasty. There are usually beautiful _3_ on fans. Some are landscapes(风景).