2019届高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit3Lifeinthefuture（含解析）新人教版必修.docx

Unit 3 Life in the future李仕才一、阅读理解。If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least signs of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration cards to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss at the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty_advantages”But the strange thing is that all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fares after they have attended to their business and that not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”1The underlined words in Paragraph 5 means to “_”Abe ready to help othersBmake good use of ones friendsCbe a little ahead of othersDgain something at others expense2Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWhile taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.BIn a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel.CThe bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours.DThe workers are always honest with their working hours.3We can learn from the passage that _.Athe Finnish society is of very high moral(道德的)levelBthere are many loopholes in everyday life in FinlandCin Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anythingDeveryone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves4Which of the following is the best title of the passage?ALife in FinlandBA Society with “Foolish” PeopleCWhat a LifeDHonest accounts of the Finns【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要通过一些例子，介绍了芬兰人的诚实，并且诚实让他们成为真正的“绅士”。【难句分析】You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中that you have some business to attend to 为that引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。译文：你可以乘一辆出租车去任何地方，告诉司机让你在任何地方下车，告诉(司机)你有一些事情要处理，然后不付车费就可以离开。1D考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take petty_advantages”可知，在日常生活中芬兰出现了很多的“漏洞”。结合上文内容可知，在芬兰，如果你告诉出租车司机你有一些事要处理，你不付车费就可以离开；在宾馆用旧的登记卡就可以享受免费大餐；工人只要告诉老板自己工作的时长就可以得到相应的工资，这些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬兰确实是那些爱贪小便宜的人的天堂，画线词意为“小便宜”，故D项正确。2C考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第三句“From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”可知，老板是根据工人自己所说的工作时长给工人支付工资的，而不是根据登记的时长，所以C项与文意不符，故选C项。根据第五段第二句可知，你可以先下车离开，等处理完事情后再付车费，故A项与文意相符；根据第三段最后两句可知，如果你在芬兰大宾馆入住，你可以凭登记卡享受免费大餐，故B项与文意相符；根据最后一段倒数第二句“And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in”可知，芬兰工人总是诚实地汇报自己实际的工作时长，故D项与文意相符。3A考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句，并结合全文内容可知，在芬兰，乘出租车的乘客可以先下车离开，等处理完事情后再付车费；没有在宾馆登记入住的人并不会去宾馆享受免费大餐；工人可以按照自己报的工作时长向老板索要工资。因为芬兰人总是诚实地做每一件事，生活在这样一个社会里，每个人都变成了一个真正的“绅士”。据此可以判断，芬兰社会有着很高的道德水平，故A项正确。根据第五段第一句可知，在日常生活中，芬兰社会有很多可以让贪小便宜的人钻的“漏洞”，这是文章所叙述的事实，而不是推论出来的内容，故B项不符合题意；根据第五段第二句可知，乘客会在办完事后支付车费，故C项错误；根据文章最后一句可知，芬兰人总是诚实地做一切事情，故他们都像绅士，并不是说芬兰人信任自己，故D项错误。4B考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章先通过人们认为芬兰人很“愚蠢”引出本文话题，接着举例介绍了芬兰人“愚蠢”的情况，最后点明主旨，即芬兰是一个道德水平很高的国家，人们的诚实让他们都成为绅士。据此可以判断，B项最适合做文章标题。二、语法填空。The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world, _1_shows its different beauty with the sunlight changing its color during the day, so _2_(technical) you can make a visit anytime of the day.However, sunrise is the best time _3_the monument is like a blooming flower when the day breaks. Moreover, visiting in the early morning, you can avoid not only the heat but the crowds. For those people in pursuit of some perfect shots who dont want to wait too long, getting up earlier can be very _4_(reward) In addition, a sunset visit is also a nice _5_(choose) if you are not a morning person. The temperature becomes cooler _6_the burning afternoon and the monument _7_(surround) by soft silver light. Usually there are more visitors at sunset than sunrise; it takes patience _8_(capture) some good pictures. If you happen to be in Agra on the full moon day _9_2 days before/after, a night visit to the Taj Mahal is also available.Unlike what you see in the daytime, _10_outline of the structure against the dark sky and moonlight is full of peace and magic.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。有人说，不看泰姬陵就不算到过印度。本文向读者介绍了参观泰姬陵的最佳时间。1which考查定语从句的引导词。所填词引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Taj Mahal，并且关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。2technically考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子，因此用副词。technically表示“严格来说”。3as/because考查连词。设空后的句子解释“sunrise is the best time”的原因，故用as或because引导原因状语从句。4rewarding考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，故用形容词形式rewarding，意为“值得的”。5choice考查词性转换。空前有“a nice”，故填名词choice。6after考查介词。本句中的“cooler”说明傍晚的温度要低一些，而且前一句中的sunset也表明是在炽热的下午之后。7is surrounded考查动词的时态和语态。句子的主语monument与surround之间存在被动关系，且此处描述一般情况和情形，应用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。8to capture考查非谓语动词。本句为It takes . to do . 句式，因此用不定式。9or考查连词。此处表示“如果你碰巧在月圆的那天或者在此之前或之后的两天在Agra”。故用or表示“或者”。10the考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处表示特指，故用定冠词the。三、完形填空。Ten years ago， a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally 1 and felt I was suddenly placed under 2 of death with an indefinite reprieve（缓刑）. After careful thought， I 3 my affairs； then I went home and got into bed.But two years later， I left my bed and 4 the long climb back.It was another year 5 I made it.I speak of this experience because these past years have 6 me what to value and what to believe.I 7 now that this world is not my oyster（牡蛎） to be opened but my 8 to be grasped.Ive also learned that its necessary to 9 those little， but important things I never thought I would 10 before： the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree， the 11 of sunlight on running water. I seem now， with some of the 12 freshness of childhood， to hear and see. How well， 13， I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. It was like 14 ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.Frequently， I 15 myself that I need make notes of this 16 Im living in now， because in it Im well，17 doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，18 Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I 19 all this to that long time spent in bed. Wiser people come to this 20 without having to acquire it the hard way. But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now， a little， and happier.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。1.A.confusedBshockedC.determined DannoyedB解析：根据上文中的 “Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊（shocked）。confused “困惑的”； determined“坚决的”； annoyed“恼怒的”。2.A.trial BpressureC.sentence DcontrolC解析：作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的 “with an indefinite reprieve（缓刑）”可知，此处应选sentence “宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death “被判处死刑”。3.A.made up Bset upC.took up Dcleared upD解析：仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的 “I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。make up “组成，编造”；set up “设立”；take up “开始从事，占据”。 4.A.recalled BbeganC.avoided DacceptedB解析：两年后，作者离开了病床，开始（began）了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的 “攀登”。recall “回忆起”；avoid “避免”；accept “接受”。5.A.when BafterC.since DbeforeD解析：过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is一段时间before.是固定句型，意为“过了才/就”。6.A.assigned BtaughtC.treated DassuredB解析：作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会（taught）了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。assign “分配，分派”；treat “招待”；assure “使确信”。7.A.admit BdemandC.expect DrealizeD解析：现在作者意识到（realize）这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。admit “承认”；demand “要求”； expect “期待，期望”。8.A.knowledge BopportunityC.attention DpointB解析：参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity “抓住机会”，是固定搭配。knowledge “知识”；attention “注意力”；point “观点”。9.A.dismiss BlistC.define DappreciateD解析：作者也学会了欣赏（appreciate）那些不起眼的但很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss “不予理会，不予考虑”；list “列举”；define “给下定义，解释”。10.A.notice BrecordC.remember DtrackA解析：参见上题解析。notice “注意到”；record “记录”；remember “记得”；track “跟踪”。11.A.shadow BshakeC.play DfeelingC解析：play “轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on running water“阳光在流动水面上的闪烁”。12.A.damaged BrecoveredC.faded DchangedB解析：作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered “重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。13.A.in contrast Bin returnC.for instance Dby chanceC解析：比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance “比如，例如”，符合语境。in contrast “相反”；in return “作为回报”；by chance “偶然地”。14.A.maintaining BregainingC.discovering DforgettingB解析：这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain “重新得到”和下文的 “lost”相对应。maintain “维持”；discover “发现”；forget “忘记”。 15.A.remind BpromiseC.advise DconvinceA解析：作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind “提醒”，符合语境。promise “许诺，允诺”； advise“建议”； convince “使相信”。16.A.country BmomentC.memory DinspirationB解析：参见上题解析。moment “时刻”；inspiration“灵感”。17.A.pleased BcourageousC.confident DstrongA解析：pleased “快乐的，高兴的”；courageous “勇敢的”；confident “自信的”；strong “坚强的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier.”亦是提示。18.A.meanwhile BotherwiseC.however DthereforeD解析：它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。meanwhile “与此同时”；otherwise “否则”；however “然而”。19.A.apply BoweC.contribute DadaptB解析：作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe.to.“把归功于”，是固定用法。20.A.awareness BagreementC.comment DcompromiseA解析：更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness “意识，明白”符合语境。compromise “妥协”。四、短文改错。 My grandfather is very kind to me. He loved me very much. I am the apple of his eye, and when it comes to my study, he is very strict and will never let me to be lazy. Every day he spends more than one hour examine my homework. With his help, I have been doing well my studies. My grandfather is also warmhearted to people whom are his neighbors or complete strangers and is always ready to help them.One day, the girl, one of his neighbor, injured her leg carelessly.My grandfather took the girl to the hospital immediate and paid the fees with her own savings.答案： My grandfather is very kind to me. He me very much. I am the apple of his eye, when it comes to my study, he is very strict and will never let me be lazy. Every day he spends more than one hour my homework. With his help, I have been doing well my studies. My grandfather is also warmhearted to people are his neighbors or complete strangers and is always ready to help them.One day, girl, one of his ， injured her leg carelessly.My grandfather took the girl to the hospital and paid the fees with own savings.难项分析：第二处：andbut考查连词。前后句之间为转折关系，故用but。第六处：whomwho/that考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是people，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that。注意：whom在从句中作宾语。第十处：herhis考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指作者爷爷自己的积蓄，故用his。五、七选五Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” PersonLife is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 1. Explore your talents.Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.2 For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy.3 No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote some