初中语法系列数词.ppt

数词概述,表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目或数量多少。序数词表示顺序和等级。 数词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。,1. 基数词注意以下几点： （1）几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如： eighty-five 85 twenty-six 26 （2）三位数的基数词须在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用and连接。如： three hundred and sixty-five 365 two hundred and six 206 （3）基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时，必须用单数。如： several hundred years ago几百年前 two thousand students两千个学生,一、基数词,基数词的主要考点,一）基数词的读法。注意：1，000以上数目的读法：自右向左每三位划一个分节“，”，第一个分节读thousand, 第二个分节读million, 第三个分节读billion或thousand million ，且hundred, thousand, million等用单数形式。注意，百位数hundred与十位数(或个位数)之间要用and连接。十位数与个位数之间要用连字符号“-”，如：52，368读作：fifty-two thousand, three hundred and sixty-eight.,How long is the new bridge? Do you know ? -Yes. Its about _. (05济南市课改区) A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C. two thousands one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters 2. There are _ days in a year. (05贵州毕节地区) A. three hundreds and sixty- five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty-five,A,D,基数词表计量。 注意：基数词表计量大于1时，它所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如: two bottles of water (两瓶水); three boxes of apples(三箱苹果)。 3. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. (05上海市) A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 4. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. (05黄冈市) A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe B. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes,D,D,三）基数词表番号（编号）。,注意：编号的事物如果数字较大，一般用基数词表达，且放在编号的事物名词之后。如：No.102 Middle School （102中学）；Room 206 （206房间） 如果编号的事物数字不大，用序数词表达，但它应放在编号名词之前。如：the first lesson (第一课),挑战中考,5. Jack is now in _. (04武汉市) A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three 6. Now children, turn to page _and look at the _ picture in Lesson Two.(03上海市) A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first,C,D,基数词表时刻,注意：英语时刻表达法有两种：一种是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数：另一种是先说分钟数，后说钟点数，中间要用past或to连接。即：130分钟（含30分钟）用“分钟数+past+钟点数”；3159分钟用“（60-分钟数）+to +下一个钟点数”。如： 4:20 four twenty或 twenty past four 5:45 five fifteen或 fifteen to six或 a quarter to six 中考演练：7. -It 9:45. Yes, Its _. A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten B. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten,B,五）基数词复数表岁数或年代,注意：表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的大概岁数或年代。如：My uncle went to England in his twenties. 我叔叔在20多岁时去了英国。 又如：These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.这些恐龙蛋是20世纪20年代由一群科学家在戈壁沙漠发现的。 挑战中考： 8.During World War, a Jewish（犹太的）lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her _. （05上海市） A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth,A,六）含基数词的复合形容词,注意：“基数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式。如：two-week holiday 两周的假 ； an eighteen-metre-wide street 一条18米宽的街道 但注意它与名词所有格形式作定语的区别。如：How far is it from your home to your school? Its about ten minutes walk. 从你家到到学校多远？大约十分钟路程。 挑战中考： 9. Bill said they would have _ holiday. (05天津市) A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two months 10. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. (04广西玉林市) A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old,A,A,七）基数词与“多少又一半”的表达,注意：“多少又一半”的表达有种方法：一种是“数词+n.(单数或复数)+and a half”；另一种是“数词+and a half +n.复数”。如：“两个半月”可译为：two months and a half或two and a half months 中考演练 11. I spent _ in doing my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours,D,八）hundred, thousand, million等表示大约数与确切数的区别。,注意：基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million用单数形式。但在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等不确切数目时，hundred, thousand, million要用复数形式，且后接“of +名词复数”。如： 1. There are nine hundred and forty-seven students in our school. 我校有947个学生。 2. Thousands of students come to visit the Museum of Natural History every year. 每年有数千学生来参观这个自然历史博物院。 解题口诀：前有后无。,挑战中考：,12. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest. _ tourists come here every year. (05南市) A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of 13. How many people are there in Changsha? -About six _. (05长沙市初中毕业会考) A. million B. millions C. millions 14.How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? -Its hard to say. _ people, I think. ( 04福州市) A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of,D,A,B,序数词,一）序数词的构成 (1) 序数词第一,第二和第三分别为first, second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加-th.例如: sixsixth sevenseventh tententh fourfourth eleveneleventh (2) fifth(第五), eighth(第八), ninth (第九)和twelfth (第十二)在拼写上有变化. (3) 2090的整十位数变为序数词时,要把y变成ie,再加-th.例如: twentytwentieth fortyfortieth,(4) 基数词2199变成序数词时,十位仍用基数词表示,只把个位变成序数词.例如: twenty-onetwenty-first forty-fiveforty-fifth (5) 第一百,第一千,第一百万,第十亿,都是在基数词后直接加-th构成.例如: hundredhundredth thousandthousandth millionmillionth billionbillionth (6)序数词的缩略形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成.例如: 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th,基数词变序数词。其规律为,1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first),三、约数表示法：,表示“大约、接近”，常用nearly, about, some, almost, around 等。 about 700 people大约700 人 some fifty years ago 大约50年前 表示“左右”用or so In the past five years or so 在过去五年左右的时间里 （3）“少于”用less than Less than 30 years old 不到30岁 （4）“多于”用 more than , over More than a year ago 一年多以前 over 70 years ago 70多岁了,2. 百分数表示法,百分数中的百分号读作percent。如： 6% 读作 six percent 500% 读作 five hundred percent,3. 倍数表示法,倍数表示方法很多，如： 倍数+ as + 形（副） 原级 + as 倍数 + 形（副）比较级 + than 倍数 + the size（length）+ of（表示大小或数量的名词） This room is four times as big as mine. 这个房间是我房间的四倍。 This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。 The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。 My aunt is as old again as I am. 我姑姑年龄比我大一倍。 Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。 The volum