2019版高考英语复习Unit21HumanBiology课时练北师大版.docx

Unit 21Human Biology课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2018云南省第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)Its not what you look at that matters；its what you see.Henry David ThoreauSlow Art Day is a global event with a simple mission：help more people discover for themselves the joy of looking at and loving art.Why slow?When people look slowly at a piece of art，they make discoveries.The most important discovery they make is that they can see and experience art without an expert.And thats an exciting discovery. It unlocks passion and creativity and helps to create more art lovers.How does it work?One day each year，people all over the world visit local museums and galleries to look at art slowly.Participants look at five works of art for 10 minutes each and then meet together over lunch to talk about their experience.Thats it.Simple by design，the goal is to focus on the art.In fact，Slow Art Day works quite well this way.By the numbersOver 1,200 individual Slow Art Day events have taken place since its official launch in 2010.Slow Art Day events have taken place on all seven continents.700 venues(museums，galleries，artist studios，sculpture parks，public art sites，etc.)have hosted Slow Art Day events.Participants love Slow Art DayFeedback on this simple event has been overwhelmingly positive.Heres a sample：“I loved taking the time to justbe with the works，particularly pieces I might otherwise walk by. Its a much better way of visiting the art museum than the usual idle ramble.Discussion afterwards was fun，interesting，informative and eyeopening.I look forward to doing it again.”Slow Art Day 2017 is Saturday，April 8，in museums and galleries worldwide.Join us and experience art differently.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了慢艺术日(Slow Art Day)的一些情况。1The author quotes Thoreaus words at the beginning to _.Aarouse readers interest in artBintroduce the topic of the textCstress the importance of lookingDillustrate the joy of art appreciation解析：B考查推理判断。根据“Why slow？”中的“The most important.see and experience art without an expert”并结合全文大意可知，本文介绍慢艺术日的情况，因此文章开头引用梭罗的话是为了引入主题。2. A typical slow art activity _.Alasts about fifty minutes when people look at art works criticallyBencourages people to see art for themselves and discuss with expertsCorganizes people to look at art on their own and talk about their experienceDinspires people to make discoveries about art works and create their own works解析：C考查细节理解。根据“How does it work？”部分中的“Participants look at five works of art for 10 minutes each and then meet together over lunch to talk about their experience”可知，在这项活动中，参加的人先自己观看艺术作品，然后聚在一起谈论他们的体验，故选C项。3According to the text，the author _.Ahas conducted a survey on Slow Art DayBstrongly recommends Slow Art Day eventsCsees the good and bad sides of Slow Art DayDis frequently involved in Slow Art Day events解析：B考查推理判断。本文作者介绍了慢艺术日，结合最后一部分最后一句“Join us and experience art differently”可知，作者推荐此活动并希望更多的人参与，故选B项。B(2018安徽江南十校联考)Whenever the word “hero” comes to me, I immediately think of three Hs: honorable, hardworking, and happy. When I think more about this word, I picture someone who has accomplished good things for people and tries to do the right thing. Hattie Elizabeth Alexander is one person whom I find to be very heroic.Hattie was born in Baltimore, Maryland on April 5,1901. During her time at college she earned her Bachelors Degree in Bacteriology and Physiology. These were just the first steps toward what she was finally going to be remembered for. After college Hattie attended Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and received her medical degree.After her education, she pursued her career, and after much time and hard work, she drastically reduced the number of infants (幼儿) dying from meningitis (脑膜炎). Hattie was very dedicated to her work and helped at as many locations as she could. Spending substantial (大量的) time in the laboratory, Hattie successfully developed a cure against the disease, which decreased the death rate to 20 percent. At the same time, she was also a teacher working with Columbia University.She was a caring lady interested in other peoples lives. When she was teaching at Columbia University, other members would talk to her about students that were failing their classes, and somehow Hattie could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away. Later, Hattie became an instructor in Pediatrics at New York Citys Babies Hospital. After many honors, she became the first woman president of the American Pediatric Society in 1965. This was her last major achievement, for soon after, Hattie died of cancer on June 24,1968.Hattie is my hero because her positive attitude and strength helped her accomplish great things for others. She gave them her strength by developing medicines against diseases, which, by doing so, made them stronger. This is what makes Hattie Elizabeth Alexander my hero.体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：儿科医生哈蒂伊丽莎白亚历山大【语篇解读】本文介绍了作者心目中的英雄哈蒂伊丽莎白亚历山大为社会作出的贡献。4According to the passage, Hattie Elizabeth Alexander _.Areceived her Bachelors Degree in Johns Hopkins SchoolBspent all her time in the laboratory developing cures for illnessesCcared a lot about others private livesDalways tried her best to help prevent students from dropping out of college解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句. somehow Hattie could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away.可知，哈蒂总会尽最大努力阻止学生被开除。故选D项。5The underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably means“_”AslightlyBhardlyCgreatly Dtotally解析：C词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一、二句以及第三句中的which decreased the death rate to 20 percent可推断出，此处指经过哈蒂的付出和努力，幼儿死于脑膜炎的比例大大下降。故推测，drastically意为“大幅度地；彻底地”，与greatly意思相近，故选C项。6Hattie is considered to be a hero by the author in that _.Ashe was an honorable, hardworking and happy personBshe was a very dedicated woman doctor with many honorsCshe was a caring lady who helped many students finish collegeDshe was the first woman president of the APS解析：A推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者视哈蒂为英雄是因为她是一个品德高尚、勤奋且快乐的人。故选A项。7Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?AAn Honorable WomanBA Woman Accomplishing Great ThingsCMy Hero Hattie Elizabeth AlexanderDThe First Woman President of the APS解析：C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是作者心目中的英雄哈蒂伊丽莎白亚历山大。故选C项。C(2018四川绵阳第二次诊断) Up until now，it has been believed big cats like the leopard(豹)originated in parts of Africa. However，an ancient skull unearthed recently indicates that big cats originated in central Asianot Africa as widely thought, paleomologists(古生物学家)reported on Wednesday. Dated an between 4.1 million and 5.95 million years old，the fossil is the oldest remains ever found of a pantherine felid，as big cats are called. The previous felid record holdera tooth fragment(碎片)found in Tanzaniais，estimated to be around 3.8 million years old. The evolution of big cats has been hotly discussed，and the issue is complicated by a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate. “This find suggests that big cats have a deeper evolutionary origin than previously suspected，”said Jack Zeng，a paleontologist of the University of Southern California who led the probe(调查) Zeng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet. The fossil was found stuck among more than 100 bones that were probably deposited by a river that exited a cliff. After three years of careful comparisons with other fossils，using DNA data to build a family tree, the team is convinced the creature was a pantherine felid. The weight of evidence suggests that central or northern Asia is where big cats originated some 16 million years ago. They may have lived in a vast mountain shelter，formed by the uplifting Himalayas，feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep. They then dispersed(分散)into Southeast Asia，evolving into the clouded leopard，tiger and snow leopard families，and later movements across continents saw them evolve into jaguars and lions. The newly discovered felid has been called Panthera Blytheae，after Blythe Haaga，daughter of a couple who support a museum in Los Angeles，the university said in a news release.【语篇解读】人们一直认为，像豹这样的大型猫科动物的起源地是非洲，但是最近古生物学家有了新的发现，最后得出的结论是它们的起源地在亚洲的中部。8According to the passage，why is the origin of big cats a hot issue? ABecause not many fossils have been found. BBecause they moved across continents. CBecause no equipment was available for accurate analysis. DBecause they have evolved into many different species of felid. 解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段可知，大型猫科动物的进化一直以来都是人们热烈讨论的问题，而且这是一个复杂的问题，这是因为缺乏解决问题的化石作为证据。该段提供的信息正好和A项符合，故选A项(因为没有发现很多化石)。9Where was the new felid fossil found?AIn Tanzania BIn Tibet. CIn California. DIn Southeast Asia. 解析：B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Zeng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet.”可知，曾和他的团队于2010年在西藏一个偏远的边境地区有了新的发现。10According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?ASome big cats evolved into jaguars 16 million years ago.BThe oldest fossil of big cats ever discovered is 3. 8 million years old.CBig cats are later generations of snow leopards living in high mountains.DTibetan blue sheep was a main food source for big cats in the Himalayas.解析：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“They may have lived in a vast. feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep.”可知，大型猫科动物主要以和它们同样不寻常的物种为生，比如藏岩羊。该信息和D项吻合，故选D项。11What is the purpose of this passage?ATo promote wildlife conservation.BTo report on a new find in paleontology.CTo introduce a new animal species.DTo compare the family trees of pantherine felids.解析：B推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是第一段，其中作者告诉我们古生物学家在星期三报告：最近出土的一个古代的头骨表明大型猫科动物起源于亚洲中部，而不是大家广泛认为的非洲。下文就此新发现进行了详细的说明，由此可以推断出这篇文章的目的是报告在古生物学上的新发现，故选B项。D(2018山西八校联考)Illegally traded endangered species that escape，forming secondary populations，offer hope to their longterm survival，a study suggests.“This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellowcrested cockatoos，”said Luke Gibson，a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered，which surprised him.This encouraged Dr.Gibson and his colleague to investigate(调查)how a critically endangered species had become selfsustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population，including the yellowcrested cockatoo in their city.“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade，”he told BBC News.“Poachers(偷猎者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the birds and then ship them off，usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds.This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range.But its really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.”As a result of enough of the birds being set free，it allowed a new selfsustaining population to be established in this city. The government of Dr. Gibsons city has made it illegal to capture the species，even though it is a nonnative species.Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated，the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare，explained Dr. Gibson.Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income. However，there can be downsides(缺点)to the newly established population of endangered species，such as a limited genetic pool，and suffering from novel diseases.It did also present a possible “very interesting”opportunity for conservationists，Dr. Gibson suggested.This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population，which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道，涉及野生动物保护话题。濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉遭非法交易，但幸运地被饲养这一物种的一些人释放，因此得以生存繁衍，形成次生种群，这也为自然环境保护主义者提供了一种缓解生物多样性丧失的途径。12What was beyond Gibsons expectations according to the first paragraph?AThe high rate of wildlife trade.BThe preciousness of the birds.CThe fact that the birds nearly disappear.DThe news that the birds were poached.解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He learned that the species was critically endangered，which surprised him”可知，Gibson博士因获知小葵花凤头鹦鹉是严重濒危物种而感到惊讶。13What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?AThey formed a separate population.BThey were kept as pet birds.CThey were traded illegally.DThey were killed for research.解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But its really interesting because that same cause also had another effect：some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.a new selfsustaining”可知，这些海运过来的鹦鹉被一些养鸟人释放了，最终使得它们形成一个新的自给自足的独立的群体，故选A。14Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”？APeaceloving.BRich.CFree. DEnvironmentfriendly.解析：B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“and relatively well educated，the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare”及“Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income”可知，画线词意为“富裕的”。故选B。15For what purpose did the author write the passage?ATo appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.BTo explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.CTo introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.DTo raise peoples awareness of protecting endangered species.解析：C考查作者意图。根据文章内容尤其是第一段的“Illegally traded endangered species that escape，forming secondary populations，offer hope to their longterm survival，a study suggests”及最后一段的“It did also present a possiblevery interesting opportunity for conservationists.which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss”可知，濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉由于社会环境的干预，形成了次生种群，而这可能会为保护野生动物提供一种创造性的方法。.七选五(2018福建省福州五校高三第一次联考)As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life._1_One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surfaceeither from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea._2_ Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter. Thats because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets._3_ The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still._4_ Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms.A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet. A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent. The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100,000 years from now they will not have fully recovered._5_AIts not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.BScientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.CFresh waters inpouring will make the water at the oceans surface lighter. DThe oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.EGlobal warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.FThe light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.GIf they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量降低的主要原因及其可能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。1解析：B从文章篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”与B项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选B。2解析：D根据段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface.at the top of the sea”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与循环来解释海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D项“然后，随着表层海水的慢慢下沉，氧气扩散至海洋深处”符合语境。3解析：C根据空前的内容和常识可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都属于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入会使海洋表面的水变得更轻。故C项符合语境。C项中的“make the water. lighter”与下文中的“make it lighter”的对应关系亦是提示。4解析：F根据空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will.”和空后的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain.”可知，F项与空前的句子的句式相同，且与空后的句子的内容存在语意上的转折关系，故F项符合语境。5解析：GG项中的“they”与上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼应，且上文讲到即使我们把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很长时间才能恢复，其对海洋生物造成的影响将是长期的，故G项“如果他们是对的，那么我们完全有理由对它对海洋生物的重大影响感到担忧”符合语境。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：25分钟).完形填空(2018东北三校二模)We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of selfawareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. Th